The prewarning value of Alexandrium tamarense PSP in an area with frequent outburst of red tide

1 IntroductionParalytic shellfish poisons (PSP) that refer tothe toxins produced by the harmful algal bloom(HAB) have the greatest impact and the widest dis-tribution among marine HAB toxins threatening hu-man life and health. Accordingto statistics, PSP …     

水岩作用对川藏公路102滑坡形成与演化的影响

10 2滑坡频繁活动造成了川藏公路运营的多次中断。本文立足于翔实的野外考察,从 10 2滑坡水岩作用的影响因素入手,指出川藏公路地区滑坡的水岩作用强烈且形式多样,并分析了水岩作用对 10 2滑坡形成与演化全过程的影响。最后,提出在 10 2滑坡防治中应重点考虑滑坡的水岩作用。     

Shifting natural frequencies of plates through preforming

Through an energy formulation and the use of a large deflection theory, it is shown that if a thin plate has a slight initial preform, and if its edges are constrained against in–plane displacements, then all of the natural frequencies of the plate will be shifted upward. For a uniform thin plate, the amount of frequency shift depends on the type of boundary conditions and the ratio of the amplitude of preform to the thickness of the plate. Examples of square and rectangular plates preformed in the shape of their first mode shapes are presented. The method holds the promise of shifting or essentially removing a troublesome vibration mode.     

南京德基广场二期基坑支护设计

南京德基广场二期工程位于南京市中心区域,主楼区普遍开挖深度21.50m,附楼区普遍开挖深度19.70m,基坑开挖深度较深,基坑面积巨大.本文通过分析该工程的建筑结构方案、场地的工程地质条件和水文地质条件、周边环境等因素,提出了基坑周边全部采用两墙合一的地下连续墙作为基坑围护结构,并且附楼逆作法施工,结合主楼顺作法施工的设计方案.在此基础上,本文提出了相应的地铁隧道保护措施.另外本文采用通用有限元分析软件,取邻近地铁侧的典型剖面计算基坑开挖对地铁隧道的影响,计算结果显示该工程采用逆作法施工对周围环境影响较小,能满足地铁运营对隧道变形提出的要求.本文对采用逆作法施工的工程具有一定的指导意义.     

土石混合体的研究现状及研究展望

土石混合体是不同于岩体与土体的一种地质材料,其物理力学特性的研究越来越受到工程界关注。本文首先介绍了土石混合体概念的提出,并以土石混合体在我国的广泛分布特点与工程中的诸多实际问题阐述了其研究具有重要的工程价值与理论意义。另一方面,通过大量与土石混合体相关的文献检索与分析,本文从力学试验、几何结构研究和数值模拟等不同方面总结了近年来土石混合体研究的成果,指出结构效应是土石混合体重要而又特有的一个特征,其几何结构模型与数值模拟的研究也取得了许多重要而有价值的成果。最后,针对土石混合体研究中仍存在的不足,本文展望并探讨了土石混合体今后的研究方向,提出了地质成因与物质组成结构特征、水与土石混合体的耦合作用、土石混合体三维数值模拟研究、以及土石混合体力学参数快速确定方法等4个方面的研究内容与研究思路。     

Regional characteristics of the effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation on the sea level in the China Sea

Based on coastal tide level, satellite altimetry, and sea surface temperature (SST) data of offshore areas of China’s coast and the equatorial Pacific Ocean, the regional characteristics of the effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the sea level in the China Sea were investigated. Singular value decomposition results show a significant teleconnection between the sea level in the China Sea and the SST of the tropical Pacific Ocean; the correlation coefficient decreases from south to north. Data from tide gauges along China’s coast show that the seasonal sea-level variations are significantly correlated with the ENSO. In addition, China’s coast was divided into three regions based on distinctive regional characteristics. Results obtained show that the annual amplitude of sea level was low during El Niño developing years, and especially so during the El Niño year. The ENSO intensity determined the response intensity of the annual amplitude of the sea level. The response region (amplitude) was relatively large for strong ENSO intensities. Significant oscillation periods at a timescale of 4–7 years existed in the sea level of the three regions. The largest amplitude of oscillation was 1.5 cm, which was the fluctuation with the 7-year period in the South China Sea. The largest amplitude of oscillation in the East China Sea was about 1.3 cm. The amplitude of oscillation with the 6-year period in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea was the smallest (less than 1 cm).     

全球对流层延迟模型的质量评价

对常用的3种天顶对流层延迟改正模型(Saastamoninen模型、Hopfield模型和EGNOS模型)进行误差分析,代入气象元素及测站位置误差,得出各模型的ZTD估值受误差影响的程度。使用C++语言实现以上3种模型,选取一系列不同纬度和高程的IGS站,利用IGS分析中心提供的气象文件,结合测站时空信息,导入程序进行模拟计算,并与IGS对流层产品进行比较,对改正模型进行质量评价。结果表明,Saastamoninen模型和Hopfield模型能够较准确地根据地面气象资料反映对流层延迟的日变化,Saastamoninen模型的改正精度略高于Hopfield模型;同时,无需实测气象资料的EGNOS模型RMS小于0.1 m,也可满足GNSS m级定位需求。     

长短周期地震波作用下钢框架结构的响应特性对比分析

作为一种特殊的地震动,长周期地震动对结构的危害已引起国内外学者的关注。选取10条KiK-net、K-NET台网中典型的长周期地震动,以及10条国内外的短周期地震动,对比分析两者时程特征和反应谱特征的差异。将所选长、短周期地震动输入钢框架结构模型;通过非线性时程分析,研究钢框架结构在长、短周期地震动作用下的响应差异。结果表明：短周期地震动的平均地面峰值加速度是长周期地震动的3.26倍,而平均地面峰值位移比长周期地震动低10.89%;短周期地震动作用下,钢框架结构顶点加速度响应平均值是长周期地震动的5.16倍,结构顶点位移响应平均值仅比长周期地震动多0.91%;长周期地震动作用下,钢框架结构层间位移角响应较大,结构底部受影响范围更广。对于长周期地震动隐患地区的高层钢框架结构,应对长、短周期震害分别进行考虑;对于中、长周期钢框架结构,建议选用峰值位移作为抗震分析指标。     

On evaluating the stability of the Baiyian ancient landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,Yangtze River: a geological history analysis

Numerous landslides have occurred during the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir of the Yangtze River. Although the underlying causal factor of these landslides was heavy rainfall, the construction process was the trigger of some of them. We report here a systematic study aimed at reconstructing the geological history of an ancient landslide and, based on our results, an evaluation of the role of the history on current landslide stability. Data from detailed field surveys and the studies on geological dating revealed that the Baiyian landslide was composed of five structural parts of different geological ages, such as a sliding belt, disturbed rocks, ancient colluvium, alluvium of the Yangtze River and slope wash. The succession of ancient climates, terraces and tectonic processes in the study area were examined from 300 ka ago. The evolutionary history of the Baiyian ancient landslide can be divided into five distinct stages: development, occurrence, deposition, collapse and disintegration. Some parts of the ancient landslide are currently prone to instability due to the combination effects of heavy rainfall and construction of the reservoir.     

2013年12月浙北北部两次重度霾过程的对比分析

使用NCEP FNL资料对2013年12月浙北北部两次重度霾过程进行分析,结果发现,两次过程均与冷空气影响有关,发生前存在大范围污染物的持续积累,都是本地排放积累和周边污染传输的综合影响结果。两次过程发生的气象背景不同： 4日过程因静稳天气影响所致,污染物主要来自本地和周边（江苏中东部）的传输积累;26日过程与冷空气影响关系密切,为冷空气前锋携带大量污染物快速南下影响所致,污染物主要来源于黄淮平原远距离输入。边界层逆温有利于增强并导致重度霾发生。风廓线资料显示,边界层偏北风影响至地面时,重度霾发生。1500 m高度以下风力持续低于4级,重度霾和雾发展并持续;边界层风力增大至6级,重度霾消散。静稳天气下,污染物浓度变化与本地活动关系密切,过程中PM颗粒物共出现3个浓度高峰,而冷空气影响下,仅出现单个浓度高峰。