大火成岩省的类型、成因及其地球系统意义

大火成岩省指的是板块内部在相对短的时间间隔内(通常<3 Ma)巨量的岩浆喷发和侵入形成的火成岩省(面积超过10⁵ km²,体积超过10⁵ km³)。自此概念提出至今,在许多方面都取得了重要进展,但对于其成因以及对大陆裂解、物质循环、环境效应、生物灭绝等方面还存在着诸多争论。本文在回顾大火成岩省定义及其演变的基础上,对上述问题进行了全面的讨论,内容包括：(1)镁铁质大火成岩省(MLIP)成因的地幔柱模型及其存在的问题;(2)水在MLIP形成过程中的作用;(3) MLIP成因的其他替代模型;(4)硅质大火成岩省(SLIP)的成因及其与MLIP之间的关系;(5)大火成岩省和超大陆裂解之间的耦合关系;(6)大火成岩省与碳、硫循环及其对全球环境和生物大规模绝灭的影响;(7)大火成岩省与全球海平面升高、温室效应以及大洋缺氧事件的关系;(8)大火成岩省的地表地形效应。最后提出了大火成岩省研究中有待解决的几个重要问题和可能的解决思路。     

A spatial analysis of hydro‐climatic and vegetation condition trends in the Yellow River basin

Stream‐gauge data indicate that the flow of the Yellow River has declined during the past several decades. Zero flow in sections of the river channel, i.e. the Yellow River drying‐up phenomenon, has occurred since the 1970s. In this paper we present an analysis of changes in the spatial patterns of climatic and vegetation condition data in the Yellow River basin based on data from meteorological stations and satellites. The climatic data are from 1960 to 2000 and the vegetation condition data are from 1982 to 2000. The angular‐distance‐weighted interpolation method is used to get climatic data coverage from station observations. The spatial distribution of tendency is detected with Student's t‐test. The spatial patterns of climatic and vegetation condition change was analysed together with the statistical data on human activities. The analysis indicates that the precipitation decreases and temperature increases in most parts of the Yellow River basin, the evaporative demand of the atmosphere decreases in the upper reaches and increases in the lower reaches, and human activities have improved the vegetation condition in the irrigation districts. The Loess Plateau, the Tibetan Plateau, and the irrigation districts are respectively suggested as precipitation, temperature, and human activity hot spots of the Yellow River drying‐up phenomenon. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄河流域水文气象要素变化及与东亚夏季风的关系

为研究黄河流域水文气象要素变化规律,并揭示各要素与东亚夏季风之间的潜在关系,建立了全流域VIC水文模型、MK突变检验和MK相关检验。结果表明:从20世纪80年代中期开始,流域绝大部分地区气温上升趋势明显,而降水、蒸散发、径流深和土壤湿度呈整体减小趋势,且中游地区减幅最大。各要素与东亚夏季风相关密切,但空间差异性明显。气温与东亚夏季风强度普遍呈负相关,且宁蒙河段及内流区相关性显著;其他要素则相反,正相关显著区域主要位于河口镇到三门峡区间。研究还发现相比较降水,黄土高原径流深对夏季风强度变化更为敏感。因此,对东亚夏季风的研究可为预测黄河流域内水文过程及水资源的变化提供重要的科学参考。     

Environmental drivers of phytoplankton crops and taxonomic composition in northeastern Antarctic Peninsula adjacent sea area

The ecosystem of the sea region adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula is undergoing remarkable physical and biological changes, in the context of global warming. However, understanding of the dynamics of phytoplankton taxonomic composition in this marginal ice zone remains unclear. In this study, seawater samples collected from 36 stations in the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula were analyzed for nutrients and phytoplankton pigments.Combining with CHEMTAX analysis, remote sensing data, and physico...     

Assessment of structural stability in Bohai Sea area based on AHP-GDM model

The AHP-GDM model is used for the assessment of structural stability, with the Bohai Sea area as an example. In this model, the credit degree of each expert is calculated through the assessment matrix based on the similarity and diversity of vector. The comprehensive opinions of expert panel are quantitatively obtained by considering the effect of credit degree. According to the geological structural setting, the Bohai Sea is divided into twelve assessment zones of structural stability by non-uniform element method. The structural stability grade of each zone is obtained on the basis of the latest geophysical data, earthquake statistical data, and the information of fault activities, current stress field and crustal deformation. The results show that there are one relatively stable area, three relatively sub-stable areas, six relatively sub-unstable areas and two relatively unstable areas. The assessment results of non-uniform element method are very close with those of uniform grid method with size of 0.25° in longitude direction and 0.14° in latitude direction. However the workload of non-uniform element method is only 1/16 of the latter. Compared with traditional assessment methods of structural stability, a more objective and reliable assessment result can be obtained by combining non-uniform element method and AHP-GDM model.     

IPCC第五次评估报告第二工作组报告中国引文计量分析

<正>IPCC第五次评估报告(AR5)第二工作组(WGII)报告[1]由来自70个国家的308位主要作者协调人、主要作者和编审共同编写,共有12位中国科学家参与。IPCC AR5系列报告自发布以来,引起了社会各界的广泛关注,许多学者、政策研究者分别从不同角度对其进行分析[2-6]。本文拟通过对WGII AR5中国引文的分析,掌握中国当前在气候变化影响、适应和脆弱性领域的研究现状。1研究方法     

辽宁北部秀水盆地白垩系义县组泥岩地球化学特征及地质意义

沉积岩的地球化学特征蕴含了大量的地质信息,对于沉积环境的重塑及物源研究具有重要意义。通过对辽宁北部秀水盆地秀D1井义县组泥岩样品常量、微量及稀土元素等地球化学特征的研究表明:泥岩样品轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损严重,配分曲线"右倾",可见中等Eu负异常和微弱的Ce负异常,指示稳定的上地壳物源注入。盆地北东—东部的侏罗系、二叠系酸性侵入岩与义县组沉积岩具有较好的亲缘性,可能为其主要物源,源区构造背景主要为活动大陆边缘。B、Sr/Ba、La_N/Sm_N、V/(V+Ni)、Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺、Cu/Zn及Ce_anom等地球化学指标表明义县组沉积时期为淡水环境,古沉积环境为深水还原环境。     

2020年贵州省一次MCC特大暴雨的诊断分析

该文利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料以及卫星和雷达资料,通过对环流背景、云图、雷达以及物理量分析研究,对2020年6月30日贵州特大暴雨过程进行诊断分析,发现此次特大暴雨过程是在高空多短波槽活动、中层弱冷空气的入侵、高空急流和低层切变线长期维持以及西南暖湿气流的持续性输送共同影响下形成的。此次MCC对流云团生成于毕节市威宁县附近,在MCC的初始阶段,对流云团由块状向椭圆形发展,冷云罩面积逐步增大,云顶亮温中心不断降低;成熟阶段由椭圆形逐步扩散为多边形,云顶亮温中心维持在-80℃以下;消亡阶段冷云罩面积和云顶亮温绝对值迅速减小。逐小时短时强降雨站数与冷云盖面积有很好的对应关系,在形成、成熟、消亡3个阶段分别呈现逐步上升、明显上升和迅速减小的趋势;最大小时雨量在成熟阶段与最低云顶亮温有较好的对应关系。此次特大暴雨过程中强回波基本集中在4 km以下,中低层越靠近地面回波越强,强回波接地,质心低。初始阶段强回波强度强,移速快,但生命史短,呈现单峰值分布;成熟阶段的强回波范围大,持续时间长,移速慢,呈现多峰值分布。TI≥44℃的大值区长期维持,低层的暖平流和上升气流以及正涡度辐合,配合高...     

贵州省2002年秋风特点及成因

使用1980—2016年的月平均NCEP再分析资料、贵州省84个国家观测站8—9月逐日气候态要素值(1981—2010年的30 a平均)以及贵州省2002年8—9月气温、降水逐日资料对2002年贵州省出现的特重秋风过程进行分析。结果表明：8月9—23日期间,贵州中西部地区秋风持续时间在9 d以上,大部分地区在12 d以上,而威宁站长达15 d,达特重秋风过程。从春季开始,赤道太平洋地区海表温度自西向东异常偏暖,Nino3.4区持续时间最长,8月到达最强,导致欧亚大陆中高纬地区经向环流明显且稳定维持,欧洲西海岸、欧亚大陆东北部经贝加尔湖至我国北方地区高度场偏高,欧洲中部明显偏低,我国东北偏低,槽后冷空气较强并南下;孟加拉湾及南海地区的气旋性环流的偏南风与北方南下的冷空气交汇于贵州省,形成静止锋并持续较长时间;8月9—23日期间的4个台风有利于水汽输送和环流维持,使贵州省2002年8月低温多雨,秋风灾害严重,尤其造成了8月9—23日持续时间最长的秋风过程。