深远海海域多波束水深测量声速剖面获取方法研究

声速是影响多波束勘测精度的重要的外部因素,它决定着声线跟踪的精度,并最终影响到测深精度。由于停船投放CTD时间成本比较高,探索经济高效的远海走航式多波束水深测量,特别是航渡测量期间的声速剖面获取方法成为现场测量人员急需解决的问题。在对HYCOM/WOA13数据与现场CTD数据进行了数据偏差分布、相关性等比对,验证HYCOM/WOA13数据适用性的基础上,提出了基于HYCOM模式数据、WOA13同化数据及单点历史CTD数据与现场XCTD/XBT多源组合的远海走航式多波束水深测量声速剖面获取方法。对比表明,该多源组合的声速剖面能较好反映施测位置的声速剖面情况,该方法对提高远海水深测量的精度和经济效益具有一定的借鉴意义。     

A multi‐modal transportation data‐driven approach to identify urban functional zones: An exploration based on Hangzhou City,China

Recent urban studies have used human mobility data such as taxi trajectories and smartcard data as a complementary way to identify the social functions of land use. However, little work has been conducted to reveal how multi‐modal transportation data impact on this identification process. In our study, we propose a data‐driven approach that addresses the relationships between travel behavior and urban structure: first, multi‐modal transportation data are aggregated to extract explicit statistical features; then, topic modeling methods are applied to transform these explicit statistical features into latent semantic features; and finally, a classification method is used to identify functional zones with similar latent topic distributions. Two 10‐day‐long “big” datasets from the 2,370 bicycle stations of the public bicycle‐sharing system, and up to 9,992 taxi cabs within the core urban area of Hangzhou City, China, as well as point‐of‐interest data are tested to reveal the extent to which different travel modes contribute to the detection and understanding of urban land functions. Our results show that: (1) using latent semantic features delineated from the topic modeling process as the classification input outperforms approaches using explicit statistical features; (2) combining multi‐modal data visibly improves the accuracy and consistency of the identified functional zones; and (3) the proposed data‐driven approach is also capable of identifying mixed land use in the urban space. This work presents a novel attempt to uncover the hidden linkages between urban transportation patterns with urban land use and its functions.     

热带太平洋盐度变化:2015?2017年盐度异常

本文利用Argo海水盐度资料、海流同化数据和同期大气再分析数据,探讨热带太平洋盐度趋势变化和相关动力过程。Argo资料显示,2015?2017年热带太平洋出现显著的盐度异常(SAE),这是改变长期趋势的主要原因,表现为表层显著淡化和次表层咸化特征。这种盐度异常具有明显的区域性特征和垂直结构的差异,体现在热带太平洋北部海区(NTP)和南太平洋辐合区(SPCZ)表层淡化,盐度最大变幅为0.71～0.92,淡化可以达到混合层底;热带太平洋南部海区(STP)次表层咸化,最大变幅为0.46,主要发生在温跃层附近,期间盐度异常沿着等位密面从西向东扩展。平流和挟卷是与SAE密切相关的海洋动力过程,两者在NTP淡化海域有着持续而较为显著的影响,在SPCZ淡化、STP咸化海域后期贡献也较大,其中盐度平流对热带太平洋海区盐度变化起主要贡献。NTP淡化海区表层淡水通量和STP咸化海区密度补偿引起的混合也是SAE的重要影响因素。     

Analysis and prediction of influence imposed on Jiaozhou Bay tidal currents and tidal energy of M2 tidal system by Jiaozhou Bay reclamation

The 3-D ECOMSED ocean model was applied to establish a time-dependent boundary model for Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), in which the operator-splitting technique was used and the ‘dry and wet’ method was introduced. The influence caused by JZB reclamation on the surface level, residual currents, tidal system and tidal energy of M₂ tidal system were predicted and analyzed. The results show that JZB reclamation has slight impact on the M₂ tidal system, in which the variation of amplitude and phase is less than 1%.The changes of the currents and residual currents in Qian Bay and near the reclamation areas are greater, but in other areas the changes are smaller, in which the currents have a change of around 1%, while the residual currents change ranges from 1.82%–9.61%. After reclamation, the tidal energy fluxes increase by 2.62%–5.24% inside and outside the JZB mouth, but decrease by 20.21%–87.23% near Qian Bay and the reclamation area.     

汶上县节约集约用地破解用地难题

汶上县辖区面积887km^2,耕地面积5．6万hm^2,全县人口72万人,其中农业人口64万人,人均耕地仅为0．073hm^2（1．1亩）,土地后备资源十分缺乏。近年来,随着汶上县工业化、城镇化的快速发展,土地供需矛盾日益凸显,为此,汶上县立足实际、不断更新用地观念,加强土地宏观调控,强力推进了粗放型向节约集约型用地模式的转变。通过加大土地整理力度、盘活存量建设用地、严把闸门等举措,有效破解了用地难题。     

山东莱芜黄羊山晚寒武世牙形石组合及寒武系与奥陶系界线的确定

通过实测莱芜黄羊山晚寒武世地层剖面,利用牙形石确定了寒武系与奥陶系的界线;对长山阶的碳氧同位素曲线特征进行了分析,并与我国华南及哈萨克斯坦等国的寒武系芙蓉统底部的碳同位素曲线进行对比,建立了莱芜地区上寒武统与华南以及国外上寒武统的对比关系。     

Microphytobenthic biomass and species composition in intertidal flats of the Nakdong River estuary, Korea

Intertidal microphytobenthos (MPB) were investigated monthly from August 2006 to March 2008 at four different sites in the sand flats of Nakdong River estuary, Korea. Samples of surface sediment (ca. 1 cm) were collected, and chlorophyll a was extracted as biomass estimation. Species identification and enumeration were carried out by light microscopy, assisted where necessary by scanning electronic microscopy. Biomass varied between 0.47 and 16.58 μg cm⁻³, abundance changed from 5.25 to 414.75 × 10³ cells cm⁻³, while the Shannon diversity indexes ranged between 0.69 and 2.35 H′. Thirty-nine MPB taxa were identified, primarily composed of epipelic diatoms, among which Amphora and Navicula were the most abundant genera. Based on the biomass, abundance, species composition and their dynamics, MPB assemblages of sampling sites were grouped into three distinct communities corresponding to their sediment composition characteristics. Multivariate correlation analysis revealed that biomass was positively related to mud and very fine sand, negatively related to fine and medium sand, but not significantly related to environmental factors such as pore water nutrients, light intensity and salinity, which fluctuated rapidly during emersion period. Cluster analysis corroborated the division of MPB communities according to site types on seasonal scales, and also showed seasonality between sites by cluster of all summer groups. Principal component analysis identified that variability in species composition was significantly affected by mud, very fine sand, fine sand, light intensity, and sediment temperature. This study suggests that sediment composition plays an important role in the functioning of intertidal MPB communities in estuarine ecosystems.     

三沙永乐龙洞洞底沉积速率变化及其影响因素

三沙永乐龙洞位于西沙永乐环礁,是目前世界范围内已探明的最深蓝洞,其内部沉积动力环境相对单一,是研究沉积速率变化的天然实验室。龙洞洞底约24 cm以浅沉积物粒度分析结果显示,洞底浅埋沉积物以砂质组分为主,平均粒径多介于22.9~123.9 μm之间,在表层、4 cm、9.5 cm以及21 cm深度分别出现了沉积物变粗、砂含量增多的现象;利用210Pb的CRS定年模式计算得到底层沉积物沉积时间为1896年,平均沉积速率为0.19 cm/a,在4 cm和9.5 cm深度沉积速率急剧增加。柱状样顶部沉积速率显著增加,与近年来西沙地区人类活动加剧吻合。沉积物粒度变粗以及沉积速率骤然加快现象,与西沙地区台风活动频繁相关,通过对比历史台风记录,验证了沉积物在1999-2001年以及2010-2011年所记录的6次台风事件:199902、199915、200110、201002、201005以及201118。推测龙洞洞底沉积物沉积速率主要受台风活动影响,近期有人类活动影响的痕迹。     

Effect of salinity on heavy metal mobility and availability in intertidal sediments of the Scheldt estuary

The effect of the flood water salinity on the mobility of heavy metals was studied for intertidal sediments of the Scheldt estuary (Belgium). Soils and sediments of 4 sampling sites were flooded with water of different salinities (0.5, 2.5, and 5 g NaCl L⁻¹). Metal concentrations were monitored in pore water and surface water. To study the potential effects of flood water salinity on metal bioavailability, duckweed (Lemna minor) was grown in the surface water. The salinity was found to primarily enhance the mobility of Cd and its uptake by duckweed. Cadmium concentrations in pore water of soils and sediments and surrounding surface waters significantly exceeded sanitation thresholds and quality standards during flooding of initially oxidized sediments. Moreover, the effect was observed already at lower salinities of 0.5 g NaCl L⁻¹. This implies that risks related to Cd uptake by organisms and Cd leaching to ground water are relevant when constructing flooding areas in the brackish zones of estuaries. These risks can be reduced by inducing sulphide precipitation because Cd is then immobilised as sulphide and its mobility becomes independent of flood water salinity. This could be achieved by permanently flooding the polluted sediments, because sulphates are sufficiently available in the river water of the brackish part of the estuary.