A Multi-Wavelength Study of the 3B/X1.2 Flare Observed on 2003 October 26

We report results from a multi-wavelength study of the 3B/X1.2 two-ribbon disk flare (S15E44), which was well observed by both ground-based and space-borne instruments. Two pairs of conjugate kernels - K1 and K4, and K2 and K3 - in the Ha images are identified. These kernels are linked by two different systems of EUV loops. Kl and K4 correspond to the two 17 GHz and 34 GHz microwave sources observed by the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), while K2 and K3 have no corresponding microwave sources. Optical spectroscopic observations suggest that all the four kernels are possible precipitating sites of non-thermal electrons. Thus the energy of electron deposited in K2 and K3 should be less than 100 keV. Two-dimensional distributions of the full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of the Ha profiles and the line-of-sight (LOS) velocities derived from the Ca Ⅱ 8542 (?) profiles indicate that the largest FWHM and LOS velocity tends to be located near the outer edges of Ha kernels, which is consistent with the scenario of current two-ribbon flare models and previous results. When non-thermal electron bombardment is present, the observed Ha and Ca Ⅱ 8542 (?) profiles are similar to previous observational and theoretical results, while the He I 10830 A profiles are different from the theoretical ones. This puts some constraints on future theoretical calculation of the He I 10830 (?) line.     

行西部大地谋发展方略--中国气象局局长温克刚川西调研纪行

4月下旬,四川盆地已是百草争荣,春光明媚,而此时的川西高原仍沉睡在冬的怀抱.4月21日至25日,中国气象局西部大开发领导小组组长、局长温克刚将由甘肃省南部驱车进入川西高原,就气象部门实施西部大开发的战略进行调研.短短5天,温局长昼夜兼程,踏冰雪,过草原,越高山,下平川,一边调研,一路思索,很快形成了气象部门在西部大开发中的战略设想.     

Spatial variation in sap flow velocity in semiarid region trees: its impact on stand‐scale transpiration estimates

In this study, we aimed to clarify spatial variations in xylem sap flow, and to determine the impacts of these variations on stand‐scale transpiration (E) estimates. We examined circumferential and radial variations in sap flow velocity (F_d) measured at several directions and depths in tree trunks of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and native oak (Quercus liaotungensis), both of which have ring‐porous wood anatomy, in forest stands on the Loess Plateau, China. We evaluated the impacts of circumferential variations in F_d on stand‐scale transpiration estimates using a simple scaling exercise. We found significant circumferential variations in F_d in the outermost xylem in both species (coefficients of variation = 20–45%). For both species, F_d measured at the inner xylem was smaller than that of the outermost xylem and the F_d at the depth of > 10 mm was almost zero. The simple exercises showed that omitting circumferential variations in F_d affected the E estimate by 16–21%, which was less than the effects of omitting within‐tree radial and tree‐to‐tree variations in F_d in both species. These results suggest that circumferential variations in F_d can be a minor source of error for E estimates compared with within‐tree radial and tree‐to‐tree variations in F_d, regardless of the significant circumferential variations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

闽北羊角尾萤石矿成因:来自稀土、微量元素地球化学的证据

闽北浦城羊角尾萤石矿产于侏罗系梨山组火山碎屑岩中的断裂破碎带内, 对其地质矿产特征和矿石、围岩及矿区内黑云母正长花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征进行了研究。羊角尾萤石矿矿石∑REE为65.17×10–6～125.87×10–6, 重稀土相对富集, δEu和δCe无明显异常; Ni、Cd、Pb和As等中低温微量元素相对地壳富集。围岩梨山组火山碎屑岩轻重稀土分馏不明显, Eu负异常明显, Sm/Nd值与萤石接近, 微量元素相对地壳的含量曲线趋势与萤石基本一致。黑云母正长花岗岩则显示轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损, Eu正异常和Ce负异常的特征, Sm/Nd值远小于萤石矿。结合稀土微量元素特征及矿床成因判别图解, 认为羊角尾萤石矿的主要成矿物质来源为梨山组火山碎屑岩。成矿流体在形成后经历了长期的演化, 在此过程中与围岩发生了充分的水岩反映, 使Ca、F、REE等重新活化, 最终在构造破碎带就位沉淀形成矿体, 矿床成因类型为中-低温热液充填型。羊角尾萤石矿的矿床成因研究表明晚侏罗世火山-沉积岩系是区域萤石矿成矿的重要物源基础, 在区域找矿工作中应重点关注。     

Preliminary analyses of landslides and sand liquefaction triggered by 22 May, 2021, Maduo Mw 7.3 earthquake on Northern Tibetan Plateau,China

During the Maduo Earthquake (MDEq) (M_w 7.3), which occurred on 22 May 2021 in the northern Tibetan Plateau, coseismic surface ruptures, numerous land liquefaction instances and landslides, were triggered along the NW strike of the?~?160 km long aftershock zone. We performed three times emergency field surveys (22 May to 3 Jun., 28 Jun. to 14 Jul., 8–24 Oct., 2021) with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) orthophoto and digital elevation model (DEM) data. We found a discontinuous coseismic surface rupture zone along with loose sediment, severe sand liquefaction regions with an area of?~?10³ km² along the Yellow River and its tributaries. More than 23 coseismic landslides had been checked with relative small-size volume for limited local terrain relief. Three of those landslides had relatively small source areas and volumes and affected relatively large areas. We identified numerous tension cracks in and around the trailing edges, which could trigger more landslides in the future. Further detailed research into the occurrence of these three landslides will reveal the failure mechanism of the earthquake (shaking)–freeze–thaw effect–rainfall disaster chain. Here, we present basic information to aid the overall understanding of the preliminary characteristics of coseismic earthquake-triggered landslides, sand liquefaction, and possible follow-up disasters.

     

A 3D non-orthogonal elastoplastic constitutive model for transversely isotropic soil

Acta Geotechnica - The significant influence of transverse isotropy on mechanical behaviours of soil has long been recognised, but it is still difficult to capture well under 3D stress conditions....     

Multiscale mechanical properties of shales: grid nanoindentation and statistical analytics

Acta Geotechnica - The mechanical properties of shales, a type of heterogeneous and multiphase composite, are of multiscale characteristics in nature. A large number of indentation measurements...     

Ages of peak HP-UHP metamorphism of eclogites from Chinese southwestern Tianshan: Evidence from Lu-Hf geochronologySCIEI北大核心CSCD

新疆西南天山蓝片岩-榴辉岩带是全球少有的几个经历超高压变质作用的洋壳俯冲带之一,近年来的同位素年代学研究表明其变质作用主要发生于石炭纪。然而,该蓝片岩-榴辉岩带峰期变质作用,特别是超高压变质作用的时代还未精确限定。本文选取来自该带的典型钠云母黝帘石榴辉岩(样品211-3和H76-10),在详细的岩石学和相平衡研究基础上,开展了Lu-Hf同位素年代学研究,以期获得其峰期变质作用时代。相平衡模拟结果表明两榴辉岩中石榴石均记录了升温降压型折返P-T(温度-压力)轨迹。其中,样品211-3经历了超高压变质作用,其压力峰期P-T条件为~540℃、~2.9GPa,石榴石-绿辉石-全岩Lu-Hf等时线年龄为326.9±1.3Ma;样品H76-10仅经历了高压变质作用,其压力峰期P-T条件为~490℃、~2.4GPa,石榴石-绿辉石-全岩Lu-Hf等时线年龄为306±11Ma。结合前人年代学数据,获得新疆西南天山超高压榴辉岩峰期变质作用时代为327~326Ma,高压榴辉岩峰期变质作用时代为316-306Ma。本文获得的超高压变质作用确切年龄326.9±1.3Ma,对于揭示古南天山洋深俯冲和闭合的时间具有重要意义。     

应用于L波段风廓线雷达的2 kW限幅器设计

边界层风廓线雷达为气象预报服务提供垂直性、连续性、高时空分辨率的探测数据。针对在全国各雷达站集中式雷达运行过程中限幅器频繁烧毁导致雷达停止工作的问题,设计了一种L波段2kW高功率无源限幅器。此款限幅器在电路前端引入双耦合电缆和功率电阻,增加了散热能力,一分为二限幅,使通过PIN二极管的功率降低一倍,电路后端多级二极管并联,逐级平缓限幅;具有承受功率高,限幅电平低,插入损耗小的特点。利用ADS软件进行仿真,并对限幅器进行了测试,结果表明各项指标满足设计要求。此款限幅器在边界层风廓线雷达上的应用,极大地提高了雷达稳定性。     

基于多元资料的成都市2049远景发展战略规划气候可行性论证

配合2015年成都市2049远景发展战略规划编制,利用成都市气象和空气质量观测数据、卫星遥感、地理信息及城市规划土地利用资料,对该市风、热/冷环境和大气环境进行计算分析,结果表明:①成都市主导风向为NE,年平均风速为1.2m/s,静风频率高达34%,冬季风速最小。市域内风速总体呈东北向西南递减趋势,西部沿龙门山岷江口和湔江口为市域2处主要通风口。21世纪00年代城市集中区风速较20世纪80、90年代显著减少,NE和NW风向上减少可达0.5m/s。②该市较强等级以上热岛面积由1992年的53.6km~2发展至2014年的798km~2,且热岛中心呈现多极化。高级别生态冷源集中于龙门山和龙泉山,大规模城市扩张与沿山坡耕地是热/冷环境恶化的重要原因。③成都大气环境状况不佳,空气污染程度呈现城区—近郊—远郊递减特征。2007—2014年城区PM10和NO2平均浓度分别为0.116mg/m~3和0.054mg/m~3,均未达国家环境空气质量二级标准。④绘制了成都市城市气候分析图,并结合实地调查、土地利用现状以及发展诉求,形成了城市规划气候建议图,将全市划分为6类规划分区,明确了对气候影响程度不同的各类空间,进而为成都市2049远景发展战略规划提出了气候可行性建议。