Environmental hazard from saltwater intrusion in the Laizhou Gulf,Shandong Province of China

Coastal areas play an important role in the socioeconomic development of the coastal zones based on the different land uses. These regions are vulnerable to hydrogeological hazards and are seriously affected by coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion in the phreatic aquifer, and sea level rise, which are worsened by human action, thereby increasing the risk of land degradation in the coastal regions. Saltwater intrusion in the Laizhou Gulf located in northern part of Shandong Province of China was the main natural hazard. Manmade interventions and actions (i.e., exploitation of aquifers without adequate knowledge of the hydrology setting and an adequate management program) worsen this natural hazard. Irrational human activity induces environmental hazard to the overall coastal areas.     

扬子地区晚奥陶世碳酸盐台地淹没事件及其地质意义

碳酸盐岩台地广泛发育及其淹没事件是扬子地区晚奥陶世地层的重要特征之一.基于岩石学、沉积学特征和古生物资料等对扬子地区晚奥陶世碳酸盐岩台地沉积演化、淹没事件及其油气地质意义进行了分析.结果表明:扬子地区晚奥陶世沉积演化分为宝塔一临湘期碳酸盐台地沉积和五峰期深水、浅水陆棚沉积两个阶段;淹没事件开始于五峰初期,主要受控于构造...     

济阳坳陷埕东凸起基底岩石组合、原岩恢复及地质意义

济阳坳陷埕东凸起太古界基底分布广泛,岩石类型丰富。岩心及显微薄片观察表明,岩石组合以花岗片麻岩、二长片麻岩和黑云母斜长片麻岩等各类片麻岩和石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩等古老岩浆岩为主,少量石英岩、变粒岩等变质表壳岩以及云煌细晶岩、钾长花岗岩等年轻侵入岩脉。岩石地球化学分析及区域对比揭示,各类片麻岩的原岩为中酸性侵入岩,属于TTG质片麻岩,而石英岩和变粒岩属于变质表壳岩范畴,原岩为沉积岩。基底岩石构造样式为片麻岩或侵入岩形成构造穹窿,规模较小的变质表壳岩零星分布在周边。盆地基底岩石组合、变质岩原岩恢复与构造样式分析表明,渤海湾盆地覆盖区基底性质与露头区相似,是华北克拉通变质基底重要组成部分。这些认识对弄清盆地基底潜山油藏储层特征与展布具有重要指导作用,为深入研究变质岩潜山内幕油藏储层演化规律提供了依据。     

吉林省西部月亮湖沉积物的210Pb和137Cs测年及沉积速率

在吉林省西部月亮湖沉积柱中137 Cs和210Pb比活度测定的基础上,进行了沉积柱137 Cs和210Pb测年和现代沉积速率研究。月亮湖沉积柱在18cm和32cm处存在2个明显的137 Cs峰值,所对应的时标分别为1986年和1963年,据此时标计算的1963 2006年月亮湖的平均沉积速率为0.74cm/a,19862006年平均沉积速率为0.90cm/a。对比了CIC、CRS和CFCS模式的210Pb计年结果,其中:CIC模式的计年结果明显偏离137 Cs时标;64cm以浅沉积物的CRS、CFCS模式计年结果接近,并与137 Cs时标基本一致;但当沉积物的深度大于64cm时,CRS、CFCS模式计年结果具一定差别,鉴于此深度以下CFCS模式计年的指数方程的相关系数较低,其计年结果的代表性较差,因此,此深度以下采用CRS模式计年。根据CRS模式计年结果计算的月亮湖沉积速率为:1835 1898年平均为0.33cm/a,1898 1920年平均为1.09cm/a,1920 1961年平均为2.21cm/a,1961 2006年平均为0.94cm/a。沉积速率的年际变化反映了月亮湖及其流域内自然环境变化和人类活动的影响程度。     

用于光学瞬变源搜寻的交叉证认快速算法

现代宽视场光学瞬变源巡天的大数据量特性和数据处理的高实时性要求,对利用星表交叉证认寻找瞬变源的方法提出了挑战。提出了一种基于等经纬分区建立空间索引的快速星表交叉证认算法。该算法通过对参考星表按相同经度和纬度间隔将视场所覆盖的天区划分为一个二维空间网格,并将二维网格直接与二维数组相对应,建立起星表的快速分区索引,从而实现处理速度的极大提升。算法的代码化测试结果为:对于天区覆盖为15°×15°记录条数为22万条的星表,在Intel Core i7 2600k CPU上的运行时间为0.3 s,比多级三角划分算法(Hierarchical Triangular Mesh,HTM)快34倍。测试结果表明该算法能很好地满足,如地面广角相机阵这样的大型宽场瞬变源巡天项目的数据处理实时性需求。同时详细地分析了算法中各个参数的意义和优化方法,并对算法的特点和适用范围进行了深入的讨论。     

西南印度洋49°～56°E洋脊段的热液羽状流:来自深水中的氦同位素异常证据

海水中的氦同位素能对海底热液活动进行有效示踪。本文对在西南印度洋49°~56°E洋脊段采集的5条CTD拖曳剖面共14件深水样品进行了氦氖同位素分析。通过分析水体中存在的氦同位素异常,探讨调查区热液异常的特征和热液羽状流的分布。分析表明,5条CTD剖面均存在δ3He异常,其中CTD7-2(位置:37.927°S、49.412°E,水深2 140m,离底高度100m)的δ3He值最大,达到49.2%。根据δ3He分布特征,认为调查区内存在至少6处热液羽状流,其中37.927°S、49.412°E以西数千米范围内可能存在海底热液喷口。     

Nutrient-controlled growth of Skeletonema costatum: an applied model

To model Skeletonema costatum blooms and their relationship with environmental parameters in situ, a S. costatum-specifi c zero-dimensional box model based on the mechanistic model Eco3M was established using physiological features. The parameters were calibrated using experimental counterparts, and simulations were compared with published laboratory fi ndings. The resulting normalized objective function(NOF) values are less than 1.0(and in most cases less than 0.58) and the values for the slope γ(between 0.656 7–1.127 4) and R 2(between 0.806 8–0.971) are close to 1.0 for most of the sub-fi gures. This indicates good agreement between simulated and measured data and suggests that the model reproduces the general characteristics of S. costatum growth and use of nutrients under different N- or P-limiting conditions. The model is appropriate for further applications and can be used to test more scenarios using other nutrients.     

Effect of culture methods on individual variation in the growth of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus within a cohort and family

There is substantial individual variation in the growth rates of sea cucumber Apostiehopus japonicus individuals. This necessitates additional work to grade the seed stock and lengthens the production period. We evaluated the influence of three culture methods （free-mixed, isolated-mixed, isolated-alone） on individual variation in growth and assessed the relationship between feeding, energy conversion efficiency, and individual growth variation in individually cultured sea cucumbers. Of the different culture methods, animals grew best when reared in the isolated-mixed treatment （i.e., size classes were held separately）, though there was no difference in individual variation in growth between rearing treatment groups. The individual variation in growth was primarily attributed to genetic factors. The difference in food conversion efficiency caused by genetic differences among individuals was thought to be the origin of the variance. The level of individual growth variation may be altered by interactions among individuals and environmental heterogeneity. Our results suggest that, in addition to traditional seed grading, design of a new kind of substrate that changes the spatial distribution of sea cucumbers would effectively enhance growth and reduce individual variation in growth of sea cucumbers in culture.     

简易建筑物的雷电防护

通过对近年来简易建筑物所发生的一些雷灾事故,分析了简易建筑物雷电防护的必要性、可行性,并因陋就简地提出了实用、经济的雷电防护方案.     

Ultrastructure developments during spermiogenesis in Polydora ciliata (Annelida: Spionidae), a parasite of mollusca

Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elongation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear condensation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed.