Precise aircraft single-point positioning using GPS post-mission orbits and satellite clock corrections

Summary Aircraft single point position accuracy is assessed through a comparison of the single point coordinates with corresponding DGPS-derived coordinates. The platform utilized for this evaluation is a Naval Air Warfare Center P-3 Orion aircraft. Data was collected over a period of about 40 hours, spread over six days, off Florida's East Coast in July 94, using DGPS reference stations in Jacksonville, FL, and Warminster, PA. The analysis of results shows that the consistency between aircraft single point and DGPS coordinates obtained in single point positioning mode and DGPS mode is about 1 m (rms) in latitude and longitude, and 2 m (rms) in height, with instantaneous errors of up to a few metres due to the effect of the ionosphere on the single point L1 solutions.     

从构造塌陷的角度解释唐山地震的一些趋势异常现象

构造塌陷,是指构造运动造成的地壳岩层塌陷。根据唐山地震前的跨地震主断裂的水准测量结果,可以认为,伴随1970年5月25日的丰南地震,在主断裂下降盘内出现了大规模的侧向张破裂。这以后出现的地下水位和重力等震前趋势异常,都可以用地下水向破裂区的迁移来解释     

长周期地震观测中的环境干扰

文章根据长周期地震观测的理论和我国763长周期台网的观测实践,分析了长周期观测中的环境干扰。认为长周期观测对环境干扰(主要指温、湿度)敏感,但影响长周期仪器正常工作的关键是潮湿,尤其是记录室的潮湿。文章以763台网优秀台站的观测实践为例,认为只要掌握了环境干扰的规律,在防潮问题上采取有效措施,长周期地震观测是完全可以做到仪器工作稳定,管理得心应手。     

模拟磁带记录仪MCD—3和解调器CBY—2的改装及其在工程地震上的应用

本文主要介绍模拟碰带记录地震仪MCD—3及其解调器CBY—2系列的一种行之有效的改进法。该方案配以IBM—PC/XT计算机硬软件,能实现宽频多道数字采集与处理。改装结果在工程地震方面获得广泛的应用,取得明显的经济效果。     

内蒙红花沟金矿床同位素地质特征及矿床成因探讨

通过对红花沟金矿床主要岩类及金矿石的氧、氢、铅、钾-氩和铷锶同位素的测定,研究了该矿的同位素地球化学特征,探讨了成矿物质来源、成矿时代、成矿温度等矿床成因问题。认为成矿物质来自建平群变质岩,元古宙钾长花岗岩的成岩作用使金活化迁出而成矿。成矿热液以岩浆水为主,并有部分大气降水混入,成矿温度为250～350℃。     

天气概率预报的科学性及其应用前景

介绍了天气概率预报的科学性、对象、方法及应用前景，指出天然概率预报是我国天气预报技术的发展，它是适应社会需求，提高天气预报效益的重要手段。     

白云鄂博矿区磷灰石氧同位素研究

通过新建立的BiPO4转化法，笔者分析了白云鄂博矿区部分磷灰石的氧同位素组成，其变化范围为6．3‰～9．4‰，并通过与各种产状磷灰石及不同时代磷酸盐沉积的氧同位素对比、磷灰石形成温度的计算，以及磷灰石Sr－Pb同位素数据的分析，推断矿区磷灰石的形成可能与热水沉积作用有关。     

加强地勘行业管理 服务国民经济建设

近年来湖南省在地勘行业管理上开展了法规法制建设、规划计划编制、勘查秩序维护、勘查成果管理、勘查外部环境改善等方面的工作,“八五”后3年继续开展法制建设、勘查登记管理、勘查成果管理、建立行业统计系统、做好服务协调工作,推广改革经验等。     

Stratospheric in situ measurements of H2SO4 and HSO3 vapors during a volcanically active period

In situ measurements of stratospheric H₂SO₄ and HSO₃vapors using passive chemical ionization mass spectrometry were made in October 1982 after the eruption of volcano El Chichon. Data were obtained between about 20 and 41 km showing [H₂SO₄ + HSO₃] sum concentrations between about 10⁴ and 2 × 10⁵ cm^?3 below 29 km and a steep rise above this altitude. Maximum [H₂SO₄ + HSO₃] values of about 3 × 10⁶ cm^?3 are reached above 35 km.Partial [HSO₃] concentrations increase above 34 km reaching about $\text{4 × 10}{}^5\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}$ around 40 km. From the measurements it is concluded that H₂SO₄ and probably HSO₃photolysis have an important influence above 34 km leading to the observed increase of [HSO₃] and a depletion of H₂SO₄vapor.It also seems that the data support the view of heterogeneous HSO₃ removal. If correct, this would imply that stratospheric aerosols are formed primarily from HSO₃ rather than H₂SO₄vapor.     

Distribution of <Superscript>226</Superscript>Ra in the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea and its hydrologic implications

Radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) activities were measured in the surface water samples collected from the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea during the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The results showed that ²²⁶Ra concentrations in the surface water ranged from 0.28 to 1.56 Bq/m³ with an average of 0.76 Bq/m³ in the Arctic Ocean, and from 0.25 to 1.26 Bq/m³ with an average of 0.71 Bq/m³ in the Bering Sea. The values were obviously lower than those from open oceans in middle and low latitudes, indicating that the study area may be partly influenced by sea ice meltwater. In the Bering Sea, ²²⁶Ra in the surface water decreased northward, probably as a result of the exchange between the ²²⁶Ra-deficient sea ice meltwater and the ²²⁶Ra-rich Pacific water. In the Arctic Ocean, ²²⁶Ra in the surface water increased northward and eastward. This spatial distribution of ²²⁶Ra reflected the variation of the ²²⁶Ra-enriched river component in the water mass of the Arctic Ocean. The vertical profiles of ²²⁶Ra in the Canadian Basin showed a concentration maximum at 200 m, which could be attributed to the inputs of the Pacific water or/and the bottom shelf water with high ²²⁶Ra concentration. This conclusion was consistent with the results from ²H, ¹⁸O tracers.