自动土壤水分观测站业务化检验分析

土壤水分监测对农业生产和科学研究都具有重要意义,自动土壤水分观测数据得到了广泛应用,实现了土壤水分的自动监测。通过对天津新建DZN3型自动土壤水分观测站业务化检验过程进行介绍,分析了自动观测数据的到报率和土壤常数的测定,并对人工与自动观测数据做了详细的对比分析,通过两个实例分析了对比检验的方法,确定了能够业务化运行的自动土壤水分观测站,分析了站点未通过检验的原因,并对重新进行业务化检验的站点和日常维护提出了建议,介绍的方法为今后开展相关业务化检验奠定了基础。     

下肢动脉CE-MRA血管成像钆对比剂最佳用量研究

目的:探讨三维动态增强磁共振血管成像(3D CE-MRA)在双下肢动脉病变成像中对比剂最佳用量.方法:45例我院进行双下肢动脉3D CE-MRA血管成像的患者,根据就诊顺序随机分为A、B和C三组,三组钆对比剂用量分别为0.1、0.2和0.3mmol/kg,分别与盐水进行1:1配比,分别对不同对比剂用量的后处理图像进行主...     

倾斜边坡多道面波分析中的最小偏移距估计方法

为减小倾斜边坡中能量较强的近场体波对面波识别的干扰,确保多道面波分析方法接收到的瑞雷波分量具有较强的能量,本文通过分析地下震源在倾斜边坡产生的瑞雷波及其传播规律,基于几何地震学提出了在倾斜地表生成瑞雷波的最小偏移距的经验公式,建立了界面起伏的层状倾斜边坡模型,从而获得模拟共炮点记录,并将基于共炮点记录得到的地表质点运动...     

地球自转速率变化与中国西部的大地震

分析讨论了地球自转速率的变化与中国地震活动强度大的西部地区1900年以来的大地震的关系，所考察的地区主要包括西藏、青海、甘肃南部及陕西的西部。结果表明，该地区M≥7．5的大地震发生的当年及前一年，地球自转速率往往处于相对加快的状态，这个特点在M≥8．0的特大地震的发生中表现得更为明显。结果还显示，当地球自转的季节性变化处于转折期时，该地区大地震的频次明显增加。研究的结果表明该地区的大地震的发生与地球自转变化具有较密切的相关性。     

Modeling the traffic disruption caused by pluvial flash flood on intra‐urban road network

Pluvial flash flood (PFF) can cause serious traffic disruption in big cities. We conducted interdisciplinary research by integrating flood modeling and traffic analysis to reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of the interplay between these two processes. A simplified simulation tool, which is capable of building a road network model, assigning trip paths with the effect of road closures, and evaluating travel delay and vehicle volume redistribution in a given PFF scenario, was developed to capture the traffic disruption in the face of PFF events. Modeling outputs from a case study in the city center of Shanghai showed that the delay of vehicles diverted to dry links or trapped in flooded links may reach 0.5 to 8 times the travel time in no‐flood scenarios. Overall, approximately 1–7% of vehicle volumes on flooded links would be redistributed onto dry links (more likely major arterial roads). However, the vehicle volume variation during each time interval demonstrated evident disparity with the spatiotemporal change of flood inundations. Simulating and mapping the congestion can largely facilitate the identification of vulnerable links. Future research will test the method in other intra‐urban areas and try to bridge the gap between modeling outputs and smart city planning and management.     

Biogeochemical Model and Simulation of the Effect of Precambrian Algae on the Formation Process of Certain Laminated Cherts

The source of silica in the formation of the Precambrian laminated cherts has long remained a problem to be solved. Through experiments on cherts and living blue-green algae, the authors found that the collected chert samples probably come from primary deposits, and there is a great biomass of fossil algae in chert, among which the filamentous algae can be compared with the living blue-green algae Oscillatoria, that a higher Pco_2 of the gas would be favourable for the increase of the biomass of living blue-green algae and consequently raises the pH value of the water body; and that lack of free oxygen and a higher concentration of SiO_2 in the water have no apparent influence on the biomass of blue-green algae. Based on the evidence above, a biogeochemical model concerning the origin of Precambrian laminated chert has been set up, in which the. photosynthesis of algae under the presumed atmospheric conditions of the Precambrian might raise the pH value of the water body and promote the dissolution of silicate minerals, thus providing a source of colloid SiO_2 for the formation of Precambrian laminated chert.Furthermore, a simulation experiment device has been designed successfully, which can control the temperature(30 ± 0.5°), Pco_2(50662.5 Pa) and Po_2(about zero Pa) of the gas, the rate of photosynthesis of algae and the movement of the water carrying opal. In the simulation experiments, separate measurements have been made on the rate of photosynthesis of algae, pH value and concentration of SiO_2 of the water body, with the results indicating that under the conditions similar to the presumed Precambrian atmosphere, the photosynthesis of algae can make the pH value of the water body go up steadily to over 9.7, leading to the dissolution of the silicate minerals, with the concentration of SiO_2 measured reaching as high as 84 mg/l. Finally, through the vaporation of water, a phenomenon of colloid floccilation has been observed.The simulation experiment has verified the proposed biogeochemical model illustrating the origin of Precambrian laminated chert. Moreover, the device and method of its kind may also be applied to the research on the relationship of the Precambrian algae with the formation of some other mineral deposits such as of Fe, Mn, U and carbonates.     

研究大气反常折射的迫切性

就地球大气对天体测量观测的影响作了分类，介绍了对各类影响的传统处理方法，也介绍了低纬子午环的分别对待方法，特别强调了短周期的和不规则的反常折射影响对提高观测精度的限制，并提出了测定这些影响的可能途径。     

塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统—下奥陶统白云岩地球化学特征及白云石化流体演化规律*

以详细的岩石学研究为基础,综合利用碳、氧、锶同位素等地球化学资料,深入分析了塔里木盆地中央隆起区上寒武统—下奥陶统白云石化流体演化规律以及白云岩成因机制。结果表明,上寒武统白云岩主要由泥晶—粉晶白云岩、微生物白云岩和(残余)颗粒白云岩等原始结构保留较好的白云岩构成,其C、Sr同位素与同期海水相近,O同位素值偏正,属于同生/准同生期与轻微蒸发海水有关的白云石化的产物;下奥陶统白云岩以细晶自形—半自形白云石为主,原始结构保留差,其C、Sr同位素与同期海水近似,但O同位素值略微偏负,主要为浅埋藏期白云石化的产物。部分早期白云岩在中—深埋藏过程中受埋藏重结晶和构造—热液白云石化的影响,形成细晶—粗晶他形白云岩和缝洞鞍形白云石充填物,该阶段白云石化流体主要来自于地层内封存的海源流体、深部热液以及蒸发岩层间热卤水,多期多源流体的共同作用导致该类白云岩具有较宽的Sr同位素组成和明显负偏的O同位素值。总体上,研究区白云岩具有早期形成(近地表到浅埋藏期大规模交代)、中期加强(中—深埋藏期部分重结晶)、晚期改造(热液局部调整)的整体演化趋势。     

基于语义P2P的地理共享网络中地理服务发现机制

为了消除集中式SOA系统的"单点故障"问题,本文把语义P2P技术和SOA相结合,不再采用SOA的UDD I进行服务的集中式发布,而是在P2P网络上进行分布式服务发布。通过在语义P2P网络上构建SOA系统,利用P2P的优势进行服务的快速发现和获取,同时也利用地理语义推理解决了地理服务发现中的语义冲突问题。为了实现SOA和语义P2P结合的透明性和平滑性,本文把SOA的服务总线扩展为地理服务总线,地理服务总线基于语义P2P进行服务发现,新的服务发现机制在GSB内部实现,对挂接在GSB上的服务透明,服务间还是按同样的方式交互,因而基于SOA的遗留系统能够平滑升级。通过把地理语义P2P引入SOA,既能发挥SOA在解决大规模分布式异构地理共享系统间的互操作性和服务的透明使用方面的优势,又能利用语义P2P实现地理服务的自动快速发现,从而为大规模的地理共享网络系统建设提供了一条新的思路。