塔里木盆地塔中Ⅰ号带西北部上奥陶统碳酸盐岩同生期岩溶——以顺2井为例

在对塔中Ⅰ构造带西北部的顺2井奥陶系碳酸盐岩详细岩心观察和室内研究基础上,通过对岩溶作用中的泥质和方解石充填物的矿物组成、粘土成分、常量与微量元素和碳氧同位素的综合研究认为:顺2井良里塔格组碳酸盐岩取心井段显示出小型的潜流-缓流带及渗潜带岩溶结构,发育厚度为几十米(20～60m);具有块(粒)状结构、不发光泥微晶颗粒和裂隙充填方解石等大气水成岩特征及等粒镶嵌状结构、环带结构等埋藏或混合成岩作用特征;泥质充填物含稳定石英、钾长石、斜长石及代表埋藏早期未压实的标型矿物菱铁矿,相对高的CaO、K2O、Sr/Ba、B、F和相对低的Sr具负铈异常等;泥岩充填物中碳酸盐岩δ13C>0,中低负值的δ18O和Z>120;反映其形成于海相或处于海水-淡水混合带,代表了与沉积间断面有关的同生期表生岩溶的特征,后经历了成岩埋藏阶段的热液(水)作用改造。     

公路施工导致的古滑坡复活实例分析

在高等级公路的建设中，线形要求严格，在山区及丘陵地区往往需要采用开挖和填方等方式通过，新通坡的产生以及老滑坡的复活可能性大增。本文以绵广路K200＋700－K201＋000段一古滑坡为例，详尽讨论了其在公路施工影响下复活产生了新的多级滑坡的工程地质条件，并分析了评价了滑坡的稳定性，提出相关的工程处理措施。对这类滑坡控制因素的研究为相同或类似条件下的工程顺利施工具有重要意义。     

松辽盆地长岭断陷盆地断陷期构造转换及油气地质意义

本文以平衡剖面理论为指导,对松辽盆地长岭断陷3条近东西走向的剖面进行了研究。结果表明,长岭断陷盆地在火石岭期初始张裂,沙河子期、营城期断陷强烈扩张,伸展速率均在沙河子期最大,分别为907.50 m/Ma、1373.90 m/Ma和1100.00 m/Ma,两次扩张末期都伴有构造反转。沙河子末期最大缩短量达2.11 km,缩短率2.89%;营城末期最大缩短量达2.26 km,缩短率3.21%。登娄库期断陷开始向坳陷转化,泉头期—嫩江期为断陷期后热冷却沉降,表现为弱伸展作用,随后进入嫩江末期以挤压作用为主的反转构造发育期。沙河子组、营城组既是主力源岩,又是优质盖层和储层,构成了近烃源自生自储式成藏组合。在沙河子末期、营城末期构造运动形成的大范围的低幅褶皱构造是成藏有利区块。     

Phenomena and characteristics of barrier river reaches in the middle and lower Yangtze River,China

Alluvial river self-adjustment describes the mechanism whereby a river that was originally in an equilibrium state of sediment transport encounters some disturbance that destroys the balance and results in responses such as riverbed deformation. A systematic study of historical and recent aerial photographs and topographic maps in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) shows that river self-adjustment has the distinguishing feature of transferring from upstream to downstream, which may affect flood safety, waterway morphology, bank stability, and aquatic environmental safety over relatively long reaches downstream. As a result, it is necessary to take measures to control or block this transfer. Using the relationship of the occurrence time of channel adjustments between the upstream and downstream, 34 single-thread river reaches in the MLYR were classified into four types: corresponding, basically corresponding, basically not corresponding, not corresponding. The latter two types, because of their ability to prevent upstream channel adjustment from transferring downstream, are called barrier river reaches in this study. Statistics indicate that barrier river reaches are generally single thread and slightly curved, with a narrow and deep cross-sectional morphology, and without flow deflecting nodes in the upper and middle parts of reaches. Moreover, in the MLYR, barrier river reaches have a hydrogeometric coefficient of \({<}{4}\), a gradient \({>}\)1.2?, a silty clay content of the concave bank \({>}{9.5}\)%, and a median diameter of the bed sediment \({>}{0.158}\) mm. The barrier river reach mechanism lies in that can effectively centralise the planimetric position of the main stream from different upstream directions, meaning that no matter how the upper channel adjusts, the main stream shows little change, providing relatively stable inflow conditions for the lower reaches. Regarding river regulation, it is necessary to optimise the benefits of barrier river reaches; long river reaches without barrier properties should be systematically planned and regulated; drastic bank collapse and sandbar shrinking should be urgently controlled to prevent the loss of barrier effects.     

五大连池地区矿泥分布特征及储量评价

五大连池地区矿泥由于其具有独特的医疗作用已引起人们的广泛关注,并得到广泛利用。为确定其具体的分布特征、分布范围以及储量,本文结合研究区大量钻孔资料,通过对矿泥样品进行粒度分析并采用Udden-Wentworth粒级标准和F.P.Sheppard三角形法,确定该地区矿泥为灰黑或黑色淤泥质粉砂,其粘性大,附着力强,天然含水量大,且手感细腻。本区共分布矿泥六处,均位于药泉湖附近火山台地前缘的地势低洼地区,埋藏于地表以下0.2 m~2.5 m之间。在上述研究的基础上,采用普通克里格法对矿泥储量进行估算,得到矿泥储量总计为18.421×104t。     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长82优质储集层成因机理研究*

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长8₂储集层平均孔隙度为8.8%,平均渗透率为0.64×10^-3μm²,属于低孔低渗储集层。强烈的压实作用是储集层物性变差主要原因,碳酸盐胶结作用促使储集层物性进一步变差。尽管储集层物性整体较差,但在普遍低孔低渗背景下仍发育相对高孔渗的优质储集层。对优质储集层进行了分析,总结了优质储集层的典型特征,统计表明:优质储集层的塑性组分含量较低,孔隙类型以绿泥石胶结残余粒间孔和溶孔为主,孔隙结构以中小孔—中细喉为主。在此基础上,分析了优质储集层成因机理。研究认为:分流河道、河口坝等微相高能厚层砂体有利于优质储集层发育,相对低的塑性组分含量和绿泥石环边胶结有利于粒间孔隙的保存,溶蚀作用是次生孔隙形成的最主要成岩作用。     

赣杭构造带金衢盆地燕山期基性脉岩地球化学特征及成因探讨

赣杭构造带金衢盆地内发育有燕山期基性脉岩,岩石类型主要为辉绿(玢)岩.K-Ar年代学研究显示基性脉岩产出时代为69.5～131.7Ma,为白垩纪岩浆活动的产物.SiO2含量范围为46.70%～50.23%,K2O+Na2O为4.01%～7.82%,可分为碱性和亚碱性岩两类.微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)(K...     

基于粒子成像测速(PIV)技术的褶皱冲断带砂箱构造物理模拟研究

在前人对褶皱冲断带的研究基础上,为进一步深入分析对比滑脱层数量、强度、深度等对褶皱冲断带的制约,设计了6组砂箱模拟实验,并运用粒子成像测速(PIV,Particle Image Velocimetry)技术的实时监测,计算出各阶段模型剖面上的速度场和涡度场,对褶皱冲断带的运动学过程和变形机制进行详细刻画和定量分析。实验结果表明,滑脱层的强度和深度均制约着褶皱断层的构造演化,滑脱层的强度越小,其上覆地层中的变形传播越远,滑脱层深度越深,对整个构造样式更具有控制作用,变形也就传播得更远。以微玻璃珠组成的滑脱层主要产生前展型逆冲叠瓦式构造,上部推覆体前缘水平位移较快;以硅胶组成的滑脱层上部形成叠瓦式构造,下部形成冲起构造,上、下两部分具有明显的分层变形特征。PIV监测结果显示,当上盘速度骤停,并且前缘涡度值骤降时,断坡形成并发展成断坪-断坡组合构造样式;下一条断层以相同方式在前缘形成,从而使褶皱冲断带向前陆方向扩展。将实验结果与龙门山南段褶皱冲断带进行了对比分析,得到了较好的印证。     

单一地层任意滑移面的最小势能边坡稳定性分析方法

边坡稳定性分析的准确与否是深基坑是否失稳的关键所在。目前常用的计算方法需对滑裂面形状进行假设,且计算过程复杂,往往导致结果精度降低。提出运用最小势能法进行深基坑边坡稳定性分析,不对滑裂面的形状进行任何的近似假定。在对简单的匀质任意滑裂面边坡进行理论分析基础上,通过计算实例进行验证,表明该方法所得计算结果与其他常用方法计算结果比较接近,验证了方法的有效性,而且最小势能法的计算过程非常简单,无需迭代。     

Climate change over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin during 1961–2005

The Yarlung Zangbo River (YR) is the highest great river in the world, and its basin is one of the centers of human economic activity in Tibet. Using 10 meteorological stations over the YR basin in 1961–2005, the spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation as well as potential evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The annual and four seasonal mean air temperature shows statistically significant in-creasing trend, the tendency is more significant in winter and fall. The warming in Lhasa river basin is most significant. (2) The precipitation is decreasing from the 1960s to the 1980s and increasing since the 1980s. From 1961 to 2005, the annual and four seasonal mean precipi-tation is increasing but not statistically significant, especially in fall and spring. The increasing precipitation rates are more pronounced in Niyangqu and Palong Zangbo river basins, the closer to the upper YR is, the less precipitation increasing rate would be. (3) The annual and four seasonal mean potential evapotranspiration has decreased, especially after the 1980s, and most of it happens in winter and spring. The decreasing trend is most significant in the middle YR and Nianchu river basin. (4) Compared with the Mt. Qomolangma region, Tibetan Plateau, China and global average, the magnitudes of warming trend over the YR basin since the 1970s exceed those areas in the same period, and compared with the Tibetan Plateau, the magnitudes of precipitation increasing and potential evapotranspiration decreasing are larger, suggesting that the YR basin is one of the most sensitive areas to global warming.