基于多源遥感数据的济南市主要建成区热环境研究

城市热环境是反映城市环境状况的一个重要指标,本研究基于济南市快速城市化时期的Landsat-8遥感影像,利用遥感图像处理软件IDL8.5反演2016年济南市的地表温度(LST),得到济南市地表温度空间分布格局;并利用NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据提取济南市主要建成区范围及郊区范围,同时利用MODIS 8天温度产品,根据城郊温差法计算得到济南市主要建成区热岛强度信息,探究热岛强度的月及季节变化规律。研究发现白天热岛强度变化规律比较明显,夜间热岛强度比较稳定。同时,利用2016年谷歌影像提取济南市地表水体的分布数据,并采用剖面取样的方法在地表温度分布图上做出样点与其对应地表温度的分布曲线,研究发现水体和绿化植被的存在能显著地减缓城市热岛效应。     

An Attempt to Date the Salt-mounds in the Lop Nor Playa

正1 Introduction The Lop Nor playa,located in the eastern end of the Tarim Basin,capped with a thick salt crust covering an area of approximately 5,500 km2(Ma 2007)that closely resembles a"Great Ear"in satellite images.Understanding the formation of the salt crust can provide important     

基于模糊聚类神经网络的煤炭资源等级划分方法——以内蒙古煤炭资源预测区为例

依据第三次煤田预测评价指标体系,选取影响煤炭资源自然禀赋的9个指标,针对内蒙古煤炭资源预测区的数据特点,设定指标标准值和加权值。应用模糊聚类神经网络模型,对标准值和10个内蒙古煤炭资源预测区样本进行规格化处理,找出聚类中心,通过计算样本与聚类中心的欧式距离,得出样本所属等级。划分结果:呼伦湖预测区煤炭资源为一等资源,鼎辉、东胜煤田4预测区等为二等资源,得尔布尔外围、福山、炭井沟预测区虽为长焰煤和无烟煤,但资源规模太小,丰度低,煤层薄,为三等资源。     

大气电场的FFT频谱分析及雷暴预报研究

采用傅里叶变换方法将时域数据转换到频域,针对首次地闪发生(简称“雷暴天气”)和首次地闪不会发生(简称“非雷暴天气”)的大气电场强度数据做了幅度谱分析.研究发现,首次地闪前0.5h的大气电场数据与非雷暴天气中任意时段0.5h的大气电场数据的幅度谱分布具有明显差异,两类天气的幅度谱分布有一定规律可循.在此基础上对样本整理分类,将两类天气的平均幅度谱视为判别标准,利用欧氏距离判别法,对63个未知天气样本进行判别分类和效果检验,结果表明,此方法可供短时临近的首次地闪预警工作中予以参考.     

Geology and fluid inclusion characteristics of Qilishan gold deposit in Zhaoyuan of Shandong,China

The Qilishan gold deposit is located in the southern Zhaolai gold ore belt in the northwestern Jiaodong region.A total of seven gold ore bodies have been found in the mining area.Linglong gneissic biotite granite and the NE trending Lingbei fracture control the output and distribution of the gold deposit.The ore bodies with veined or irregular shape occur in the structural alteration zone.The ore bodies of different sizes are NE trending and SE dipping.The constituent minerals of the ores mainly include pyrite,chalcopyrite,native gold,electrum,argentite,matildite,hematite,quartz and calcite.The ores are characterized by metasomatic dissolution structure,as well as veined and brecciated structures.The ore-forming process is divided into four stages,namely quartz-,pyrite-,polymetallic-and carbonate stages.Study on fluid inclusion shows that the deposit is composed of gas-liquid two-phase inclusions （Ⅰ） and three-phase inclusions containing CO2 （Ⅱ）,and that the former dominates.The homogenization temperature is 259.6℃-373.7℃ ; the salinity of three-phase inclusions containing CO2is 5.77%-9.84% （NaCl） ; the salinity of gas-liquid two-phase inclusions is 6.58%-8.54% （NaCl） ; and the estimated ore-forming pressure is 55.2-82.2 MPa.According to the nonlinear relationship between the depth and pressure of the fluid in the fracture zone,the ore-forming depth of the Qilishan gold deposit is calculated as 5.95-7.14 km.It is preliminarily determined that the deposit is a mesophilic and hypothermal gold deposit.     

光谱、形状特征结合的多精度图像分割算法与应用

由于高分辨率遥感图像的数据量和计算复杂性骤增,影像噪声、光谱混淆现象更为突出,这对传统主要依据于像元光谱特征的图像处理与分析方法提出了极大挑战。为此,特征更为丰富、在噪声处理和知识融合上,更具优势的面向对象的图像分析方法,逐步成为高分辨率遥感图像应用的研究热点。面向对象图像分析的第一步,以及关键一步是图像分割。本文设计了多精度图像分割算法:(1)采用降水分水岭变换进行初步分割获取图像次一级斑块,即分割亚基元;(2)设计一种可重复合并的快速图斑合并方法,进行亚基元的层次归并获得最后分割斑块,完成图像分割。在合并过程中,斑块之间的差异指标是其光谱合并代价、形状合并代价的加权和,合并结束的标志是斑块间两两合并代价超过尺度参数的平方。设置不同的尺度参数,则可实现多精度图像分割过程。实验证明,方法分割效果较好,并在算法效率上满足实际应用需求,可以开展后续图像分类、专题信息提取等工作。     

渭北苹果花期冻害气象指数保险设计

为科学设计渭北苹果花期冻害气象指数保险产品,提供气象指数保险技术参考。研究选取旬邑县作为陕西省渭北地区苹果代表县,利用1991—2020年气象、苹果花期物候、产量等数据,选取苹果花期冻害极端低温和过程累积危害指数作为备选气象指数,采用滑动平均〖CD*2〗灰色预测法分离苹果气象产量。通过气象指数与苹果减产率的相关分析,确定苹果花期冻害气象指数,构建苹果花期冻害气象指数与减产率之间的关系模型。利用苹果单产风险分布特点,选取6种分布模型利用参数分布法进行拟合,并根据Anderson Darling(A D)检验结果和概率密度函数图筛选最优分布。最后根据保险触发值,厘定不同赔付触发条件下的保险纯费率。结果表明：代表县苹果花期冻害过程累积危害气象指数Ts与减产率的相关性显著强于苹果花期冻害极端低温气象指数Tc;Ts与减产率之间存在正向线性关系模型;苹果单产风险分布符合柯西分布;当赔付触发条件对应2%、4%、6%、8%减产率时,旬邑县各乡镇苹果花期冻害气象指数保险产品纯费率区间为0.40%～1.84%。相较传统苹果农业保险产品,苹果花期冻害气象指数保险产品可实现差异化费率,有利于发挥气象指数保险优势。     

云南振兴桥-清水河公路地质灾害危险性现状评价

在对去南省振新桥-清水河段公路的地质灾害调查的基础上,从其发育特征、分布范围及成因进行了分析,并结合地质灾害的稳定性和危害性进行了危险性现状评估,最后提出了防治对策建议。     

Estimating the contribution of glacial meltwater to Ranwu Lake,a proglacial lake in SE Tibet,using observation data and stable isotopic analyses

It is important for both current monitoring and paleoenvironmental research conducted on proglacial lakes and their adjacent glaciers to clarify the hydrological processes operating on these lakes. However, in remote regions with limited accessibility it may be difficult to study hydrological processes by direct monitoring. In this study, we use measurements of stable isotopic compositions to trace the multiple water sources contributing to Ranwu Lake, a proglacial lake in south-eastern Tibet. Using stable isotopic data from precipitation, inflowing rivers and the lake water, a water and isotope mass balance modelling method was used to calculate the ratio of evaporation to input. Subsequently, using hydrological and climatic data for the outflow, the largest inflow and precipitation, other hydrological elements of the lake water balance were also calculated. The results demonstrate that the ratio of evaporation to inflow is as low as 0.009, the lowest value observed for the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that Ranwu Lake is a through-flow lake with a very short retention time. Glacial meltwater accounts for at least 55% of total runoff, the highest value observed for the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that the sediments of Ranwu Lake may have considerable potential for reconstructing variations in the activity of the local glaciers. Finally, we note that it may be inappropriate in this glacier-fed lake to use the intersection of the local meteoric water line with the lake water line for determining the isotopic composition of the input water, and this possibility must be carefully considered when stable isotope mass modelling is used in proglacial lakes.     

新疆罗布泊富钾卤水矿床异常富集机理

罗布泊是世界上最大的单体硫酸盐型液体钾盐矿床,对于其矿床成因一直存在争议.基于大量盐泉、地下潜水及地表水的化学实测数据,从水文化学的角度探讨罗布泊富钾卤水矿床成因.结果表明,矿区富钾卤水钠氯系数为0.76～1.24,钾氯系数为38.58～60.49,主体表现为溶滤型卤水特征,指示有其他来源卤水混合参与成矿;首次在罗布泊...