Water Environment Random Evaluation Model based on the improved TOPSIS method and Bayesian Theory and its Application

Water Resources - Under the background analysis of water issues, water environment random evaluation model based on Bayesian theory is put forward to universally describe and physically analyze the...     

Comparative Analysis of Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation Based on Multi-sensor Data in a Semi-arid Sandy Area

The estimation of fractional vegetation cover(FVC) is important for identifying and monitoring desertification, especially in arid and semiarid regions. By using regression and pixel dichotomy models, we present the comparison of Sentinel-2A(S2) multispectral instrument(MSI) and Landsat 8(L8) operational land imager(OLI) data regarding the retrieval of FVC in a semi-arid sandy area(Mu Us Sandland, China, in August 2016). A combination of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) high-spatial-resolution images and field plots were used to produce verified data. Based on a normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) regression model, the results showed that, compared with that of L8, the coefficient of determination(R2) of S2 increased by 26.0%, and the root mean square error(RMSE) and the sum of absolute error(SAE) decreased by 3.0% and 11.4%, respectively. For the ratio vegetation index(RVI) regression model, compared with that of L8, the R2 of S2 increased by 26.0%, and the RMSE and SAE decreased by 8.0% and 20.0%, respectively. When the pixel dichotomy model was used, compared with that of L8, the RMSE of S2 decreased by 21.3%, and the SAE decreased by 26.9%. Overall, S2 performed better than L8 in terms of FVC inversion. Additionally, in this paper, we develop a verified scheme based on UAV data in combination with the object-based classification method. This scheme is feasible and sufficiently robust for building relationships between field data and inversion results from satellite data. Further, the synergy of multi-source sensors(especially UAVs and satellites) is a potential effective way to estimate and evaluate regional ecological environmental parameters(FVC).     

卷积神经网络和随机森林的城市房价微观尺度制图方法

随着中国城市化进程的加快,城市人口的大规模集聚带来了住房紧张的问题,房价政策制定的时效性与正确性也时刻吸引着社会的关注,因此在微观尺度下对房价进行精细化制图变得愈发重要。由于数据可获取性和现有模型精度的限制,目前已有研究均较少涉及微观尺度。本研究通过将房价数据和遥感影像相融合,构建了一种基于卷积神经网络（CNN）和随机森林（RF）的遥感影像挖掘模型,以实现在不考虑其他数据的情况下,精确、合理地进行房价的微观尺度制图。本文以武汉市作为研究区,在仅有房价数据和遥感影像的情况下,利用本文所构建的模型成功得到武汉市中心城区5 m精度的精细房价图。此外,还利用其他数据源以及挖掘技术与本文所构模型进行了对比分析。结果显示,本文所构建的模型获得了最高的房价模拟拟合优度（R²=0.805）,相比传统方法中的最高拟合优度（R²=0.653）其精度提升了23.28%,其制图结果可为政府部门规划决策及武汉市经济分布研究提供基础支撑。     

南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡区域重力场特征及异常分析

南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡及周边区域是南极大陆火山、地震等新构造活动最活跃的地区,与南设得兰海沟、南设得兰群岛一同构成南极大陆边缘现存唯一的"沟-弧-盆"构造体系。本文基于"雪龙"船第28、第30航次实测数据及两个航次的国际共享资料,利用均衡改正数据处理方法获得布兰斯菲尔德海峡的莫霍面深度及其分布规律,分析深部构造-断裂的区域分布及其重力异常特征等。布兰斯菲尔德海峡内的空间重力异常呈条带状分布,走向总体与地形相近,布格重力异常则由两侧向中间升高,大致在坡折处形成异常场值为100×10-5 m/s2的分界线,在中央次海盆和东部次海盆海山处形成两个异常高值圈闭,异常值最高为150×10-5 m/s2。莫霍面深度以弧后扩张中心为最低值,向南设得兰群岛和南极半岛两个方向递增,深度从12 km递增至陆坡位置的24 km。     

基于非监督学习的水力压裂裂缝平面识别

在水力压裂施工中,如何有效获取压裂过程中产生的裂缝形态以及裂缝的动态扩展过程一直是困扰学术界和工业界的问题.目前,常规利用微地震事件定位结果进行分析的方法存在需要人工干预、散点信息表示能力不足等问题;采用数值模拟分析的方法往往因复杂的地下介质情况而引入计算偏差.本文基于非监督学习算法,通过提取微地震事件的空间和时间信息...     

Tectonic implications of the subduction of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge beneath the Kyushu,southwest Japan

The Kyushu-Palau Ridge(KPR), a remnant arc on the Philippine Sea Plate(PSP), is subducting beneath the Kyushu, southwest Japan. Influenced by the subducting KPR, the Kyushu subduction zone corresponding to the KPR is significantly different from Shikoku subduction zone in terms of gravity anomalies, seismicity, the stress state, and the subducting slab morphology. Significant negative free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies are observed in a prolonged area of KPR, southeast of the Miyazaki Plain, indicating that this is where KPR overlaps the overriding plate. The gravity anomaly in this area is much lower than that in other areas where the inferred KPR extends, suggesting that the subduction of the buoyant KPR may cause the lower mantle density to decrease.More earthquakes have occurred in Hyuga-nada region where the KPR subducts than in Shikoku forearc and other areas in the Kyushu forearc, indicating that the subduction of the KPR enhances the local coupling between the subducting and overriding plates. The centroid moment tensor(CMT) mechanism of earthquakes shows that stress is concentrated in the accumulated crust beneath the Kyushu forearc corresponding to the KPR, and the shallow thrusting events in the obducting plate are caused by the KPR subduction. The buoyant KPR, with a large volume of low-density sediments, was responsible for the differences of the subduction depth and dip angle of the subducting Philippine Sea(PS) slab between northern Kyushu and Shikoku. The seismic gaps and the sudden change of the dipping angle of the subducting PS slab indicate that slab tear may have occurred along the west side of the KPR beneath southwest Kyushu. A two-tear model was proposed, and the subduction of the buoyant KPR was believed to play an important role in the slab tear.     

Modern pollen assemblages from surface lake sediments and their environmental implications on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau

The relationships amongst modern pollen assemblages, vegetation, climate and human activity are the basis for reconstructing palaeoenvironmental changes using pollen records. It is important to determine these relationships at regional scales due to the development of vegetation under different climatic conditions and human activities. In this paper, we report on an analysis of modern pollen assemblages of 31 surface lake samples from 31 lakes (one sample per lake) on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau where the knowledge of modern pollen and their relationships with vegetation, climate and human activities is insufficient. The region includes five vegetation zones: sub‐alpine shrub steppe, alpine steppe, alpine meadow and steppe ecotone, mountain desert and alpine desert. The lakes span a wide range of mean annual precipitation (50–500 mm) and mean annual temperature (?8 to 6 °C). Modern pollen assemblages from our samples mainly consist of herb taxa (Artemisia, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, etc.) and some tree taxa (Pinus, Fagaceae, Alnus, etc.). The results indicate that modern pollen assemblages are able to reflect the main vegetation distribution. Redundancy analysis for the main pollen types and environmental variables shows that precipitation is the leading factor that influences the pollen distribution in the study area with the first axis capturing 13.7% of the variance in the pollen data set. The Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae ratio is valid for separating the desert component (<2) from the steppe and other vegetation zones (>2) but is unable to distinguish moisture variations. The Artemisia/Cyperaceae ratio is able to identify meadows (<1) and steppes (>1) and can be used as a moisture index on the southwestern Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that an appropriate range is needed for a modern pollen data set in order to perform pollen‐based quantitative climate reconstructions in one region. It is essential to perform modern studies before using pollen ratios to reconstruct palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate at a regional scale.     

DiffS:不同版本SVG格式地图差异匹配算法

提出了一种不同版本SVG/XML格式的地图差异匹配算法DiffS。该算法以SVG解析树为依据,通过定义宏元素对解析树遍历,并以动态数组为数据结构进行匹配,得到差异脚本,脚本记录了前一个版本到后一个版本的更新操作。应用实验验证算法是有效的。     

辽宁省某工业园建设项目中的地质灾害危险性评价

辽宁省某工业园建设用地地处冲海积平原,地形简单,地貌类型单一,地层岩性较复杂,地质环境复杂,该工程项目地质灾害危险性评估等级为一级。区内现状地质灾害不发育;在工程建设过程中和建成后可能引发软土触变所致的地面（地基）不均匀沉降地质灾害,危害建筑物的地面稳定及安全,其危险性为中等级别;工程建设后可能遭受软土触变所致的地面（地基）不均匀沉降,其可能性、危害性、危险性均为中等级别;工程建设本身可能遭受砂土液化地质灾害的可能性、危害性和危险性均为小的级别。针对地面（地基）不均匀沉降地质灾害和砂土液化地质灾害提出了相应的防治措施,对防止地质灾害造成损失和保护生态环境都将具有指导意义。     

一次中尺度对流系统的电场演变特征

综合雷达、卫星、电场、闪电定位仪等资料,分析了2009年6月5日经过南京地区的中尺度对流系统(MCS)的地闪、电场演变过程及特征。本次过程中,MCS的发展阶段正地闪占主导地位,成熟阶段负地闪占主要地位,消亡阶段层状云区的正地闪相对较频繁。将该过程电场划分为4个阶段,重点对MCS对流区的电场进行了演变过程和特征分析,并用准正态分布模式模拟了MCS的对流区电场。结果表明,准正态分布模式能够更细微地反映电场变化,模拟得到的电场和实际观测相符。