Environmental emigration stress of slope farmland in the Three Gorges area

The project of 'grain for green', to restore woodland and grass by retreating from slope farmland, as a fundamental measure of eco-environmental rehabilitation, is being conducted in the reservoir area of the Three Gorges gradually. However, the de-farming of slope farmland will reduce the amount of farmland in de-farmed areas, especially in the areas with concentrated slope farmland, which would cause the problems of environmental emigration. The people who cannot regain enough farmland by relocating farmlands within village after de-farming and have to emigrate to other places are called environmental emigrants or ecological emigrants. In the research, a de-farming stress index model and an environmental emigration model are developed based on GRID data, and the potential amount of environmental emigration caused by de-farming of slope farmland in the reservoir area is simulated aided with GIS. The simulation indicates that the potential emigration amount caused by de-farming is quite large. When the de-farming stress index reaches 40%, the amount is as large as 890,000 people, which is equivalent to the emigrants caused by the submergence of the Three Gorges reservoir. So it should be considered as a big problem during the eco-environmental rehabilitation in this area. Some suggestions are raised to tackle the problem. Firstly, the emigration plan should be included in the de-farming plan. Secondly, some provinces, especially those located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, should accommodate part of the environmental emigrants.     

Geochemical Characteristics of the Fluid Inclusions Trapped in Primary Gypsum of the Lop Nor Basin

正Objective The Lop Nor Basin is a very important Quaternary potash-formation basin in China.It is a typical sulphatepotash brine mine with an average grade of 1.4%(KG)in underground concentrated brines.It is extraordinary that the reservoir of potassium-rich brines is glauberite stratum rather than halite rock.The anomalous potassium enrichment,advanced in relative early stage of lake     

热液成矿多元论

过去一提起热液矿床,很自然地想到是指岩浆期后的产物。成矿物质来自深部岩浆源,出露、不出露的岩体或假想隐伏存在的岩体就是成矿母岩。即岩浆冷凝过程中分馏出气体和含水溶液,成矿物质从热液中沉淀出来而成矿。     

灾变成矿论

本文提出了灾变成矿问题。文章运用灾变-进化的观点,探讨了油、煤和金属的成矿问题。灾变与成矿的关系表现在三个方面:(1)灾变是矿质来源的一个途径;(2)灾变过程为有机矿产准备了一定的物质基础;(3)灾变为成矿创造了构造条件。     

吉林季德屯钼矿区石英二长岩SIMS锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其成因

吉林省季德屯钼矿床是近年来新发现的大型斑岩钼矿床,其位于小兴安岭-张广才岭成矿带上。本文以季德屯石英二长岩作为研究对象,对其开展了地球化学特征、SIMS锆石U-Pb同位素定年和Hf同位素特征研究。获得其锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U同位素加权平均年龄为160.48±0.82 Ma,通过结合已有的研究成果,限定成岩成矿作用发生于170.9~160.5Ma之间,即中生代燕山早期。石英二长岩属于准铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,SiO_2含量在67.72%~70.84%之间,Al_2O_3含量为14.26%~15.68%,K_2O+Na_2O含量介于7.23%~7.95%,K_2O/Na_2O=0.72~0.97,铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.97~0.98。轻、重稀土元素分馏作用明显(La_N/Yb_N=6.39~32.34),具有弱的铕异常(δEu为0.68~0.9),HFSE和LILE分异明显,富集Rb、Th、U、K等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti等元素。该岩体的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值均为正值,变化于4.02~9.11,平均值为7.1,两阶段模式年龄t_(DM2)=625~950 Ma,成岩物质有可能主要来自于新元古代期间亏损地幔增生的年轻下地壳物质。结合区内已有的岩石地球化学、高精度成岩成矿年龄资料和区域构造演化史,表明季德屯斑岩钼矿床是中侏罗世大陆内部构造岩浆活化的产物,其形成与太平洋板块的俯冲作用密切相关。     

降雨对土质边坡稳定性影响分析

从降雨对土体抗剪强度的影响、降雨对土体重度的影响、降雨形成的水压力及降雨对土体的化学作用四个方面分析了降雨对边坡稳定性的影响。并通过一个因降雨而失稳的滑坡实例介绍其整治措施。     

高温高压条件下辉长岩的摩擦强度和滑动稳定性

过去的变形实验表明,花岗质岩石变形的主要控制因素是高温下易于变形的石英.然而随着深度的增加,石英含量逐步减少到对变形来说无足轻重的地位,岩性则从中地壳下部的中性向下地壳的基性过渡.在摩擦本构参数研究中,以往的研究主要将注意力放在了中上地壳典型的花岗质岩石上(Lockner等,1986;Blanpied等,1995),而对于其下部的中性岩和基性岩则涉及甚少.在早期,Stesky等(1974)对Marcos gabbro进行了初步研究,但是当时未涉及速度依赖性问题,因此,其结果不能用于滑动的稳定性分析.     

青岛地震台钻孔体应变异常变化因素分析

分时段研究降雨、钻孔水位、工程施工等因素对青岛地震台体应变的影响，研究结果表明:钻孔水位反映区域地下水主要由降雨补给，降雨下渗改变地下水状态，并影响体应变观测；青岛体应变与钻孔水位的相关性及其周期特性均在2015年前后出现变化，可能与2015—2016年降雨偏少及工程施工有关；2018年1月17日台站钻孔施工很可能改变了体应变周围岩石孔隙环境，并扩大孔隙压力作用系数，可解释2018年3月以来水位小幅上升引起的体应变显著压性上升现象，受钻孔施工的影响，体应变与钻孔水位相关性的滞后特征明显减弱。     

井震约束低渗浊积砂体定量预测技术

正NZ洼陷W井区浊积砂岩储层具有单层厚度薄、横向变化快的特点,为典型的"薄、小、深、隐"类型致密砂岩储层。受砂岩含灰质影响,常规预测方法储层精细描述精度难以达到。针对这一开发现实难题,该文提出了井震约束低渗浊积砂岩储层定量预测技术,通过井驱动提高地震资料分辨率技术,提升地震资料品质;利用正演模型模拟砂岩含灰效应,建立相控灰质影响概率体作为约束条件,减少地震属性预测储层结果的多解性;     

小冰期东亚夏季风快速变化特征:湖北石笋记录

研究小冰期的结构特征及动力机理有助于理解全球增暖和极端气候事件的原因。基于湖北永兴洞总长为120 mm的YX275石笋7个高精度230Th年龄和120个氧同位素数据,重建了1361~1955 A.D.时段分辨率达5 a的东亚夏季风降水变化序列。该石笋δ^18O值在-7.8 ‰^-9.3 ‰范围内波动,长期趋势呈现出先缓慢增大后减小的变化特征,整体呈下凹形态。该记录与中国季风区北部和南部石笋记录变化大体一致,指示小冰期发生时东亚夏季风水循环发生减弱变化。在百年-数十年尺度上,YX275石笋记录的小冰期内5次显著季风降水减弱事件与南部贵州董哥洞、织金洞石笋记录变化一致,但不同于北方大鱼洞、九仙洞、黄爷洞和万象洞石笋记录的5次小幅度季风旋回特征,表明小冰期时中国南北部夏季风降水在短时间尺度上可能存在着区域差异。该记录与太阳总辐照度记录和北半球温度记录变化一致,表明太阳总辐照度和北半球温度变化对东亚夏季风水文变化有重要驱动作用。