福建太平洋牡蛎种群微卫星DNA分析

本文采用Ucdcg153、157、202微卫星引物对福建两个太平洋牡蛎(学名为长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas)养殖种群进行扩增分析和序列测定.与采自漳浦旧镇的近江牡蛎(C. ariakensis)比较,前者对以上三种引物全部呈阳性反应,后者只对Ucdcg157显阳性.与Genebank提供的相关序列比较,福建太平洋牡蛎与Genebank样品应属同源,其中漳浦霞美和厦门白礁的样品则可能代表同一种群的两个衍生品系.本项调查结果同时显示,近亲繁殖的育苗方式已经导致福建太平洋牡蛎种群裂化;任其发展不利于维护良种优势.本次采集的样品中未发现显示葡萄牙牡蛎、熊本牡蛎和美洲牡蛎微卫星特征的个体.     

台州湾海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的浓度水平、富集规律及来源

研究了台州湾海域海水和表层沉积物中15种多环芳烃(PAHs) 的浓度水平,评价了表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集规律,探讨其可能来源.结果表明,表层沉积物中 PAHs 的浓度范围为85.4～167.6 ng / g,平均值为138.62 ng/g,总多环芳烃的最大值是椒江码头.表层沉积物中二环、三环、四环、五环和六环多环芳烃占总多环芳烃的百分含量平均值分别为7.8 %,42.1 %,33.3 %,9.6 % 和 7.2 %,三环多环芳烃的含量最高;表层沉积物对多环芳烃的富集系数为 532.7～1 068.9,平均值为 807.5,单组分菲的富集系数最高为 122.7,最小的是苯并(a) 芘为 2.7;台州湾表层沉积物中的多环芳烃主要来源于燃煤污染,部分来源于石油烃类物质的直接污染.     

岩浆岩地区富水性分级与蓄水构造研究

在以往水文地质编图中,岩浆岩地区地下水富水性等级划分较为笼统,不利于找水定井工作。该文利用已开展的1∶5万水文地质调查工作,分析了颜庄幅、赵格庄幅相关基础数据资料,总结了地下水的富集规律,考虑地形地貌、岩性、构造等影响因素,以小流域单元为思路进行富水性划分,将岩浆岩区富水性等级划分为<10m^3/d,10~50m^3/d,50~300m^3/d,>300m^3/d 4个等级。分析了断裂型、岩脉型、不同期次岩体接触带型和复合型4种主要蓄水构造富水机理,为下一步水文地质编图及找水定井工作提供一定参考依据。     

Nonlinear response of runoff to atmospheric freezing level height variation based on hybrid prediction models

ABSTRACT

We use data on the freezing level height (FLH) and summer runoff in the Hotan River, China, from 1960 to 2013, to analyse the nonlinear relationships of atmospheric and hydrological factors at different time scales, by employing three nonlinear decomposition methods. Six hybrid prediction models are established by combining linear regression and back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) models. The decomposition results by three nonlinear methods are compared, indicating that the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition (ESMD) method ensures the best prediction capacity. The runoff and FLH have periods of 3 and 6 years, respectively, at the inter-annual scale, which pass the significance test of 0.05 (P < 0.05) by using the Monte Carlo method, although there were slight differences in the periods at the inter-decadal scale. Among the six models, ESMD-BPANN exhibits the highest accuracy, with good reliability and resolution, according to several performance indicators. The ESMD-BPANN model is thus selected for the simulation and prediction of runoff.     

Tree‐ring‐based annual precipitation reconstruction for the Hexi Corridor,NW China: consequences for climate history on and beyond the mid‐latitude Asian continent

An annual (July to June) precipitation reconstruction for the period AD 1760–2010 was developed from a Picea crassifolia regional tree‐ring chronology from two sites in the northern mountainous region of the Hexi Corridor, NW China. This reconstruction explains 52.1% of the actual precipitation variance during the period 1951 to 2010. Spatial correlations with gridded land‐surface data reveal that our reconstruction contains a strong regional precipitation signal for the Hexi Corridor and for the southern margin of the Badain Jaran Desert. Significant spectral peaks were identified at 31.9, 11.1, 8.0, 7.0, 3.2, 2.6 and 2.2 years. A large‐scale comparison indicates that our reconstruction is more consistent with climate records of a Westerly‐dominated Central Asia, and that the Westerlies have a greater impact on the precipitation in this region than the Asian summer monsoon. Our reconstructed precipitation series is significantly correlated with sea‐surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (positive), the tropical Indian Ocean (positive), the western tropical Pacific Ocean (positive), and the western North Pacific Ocean (negative). The spatial correlation patterns between our precipitation reconstruction and SSTs of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans suggest a connection between regional precipitation variations and the high‐mid‐latitude northern atmospheric circulations (Westerlies and Asian summer monsoon).     

SPOT 5卫星遥感影像在土地利用数据库系统更新中的应用

随着国民经济的快速发展,土地现状变更十分频繁,如何保持数据库系统的现势性成为国土资源管理部门的一项重要工作。该文介绍了利用卫星遥感数据对土地利用数据库变更的系统设计、实现方法及结果,说明了利用遥感卫星数据对数据库进行更新的优势。     

IMPACTS OF ANTARCTIC OSCILLATION ON SUMMER MOISTURE TRANSPORT AND PRECIPITATION IN EASTERN CHINA

1INTRODUCTIONSummer precipitation in China is a phenomenon hap-pening in the south-north oscillation process of the EastAsian summermonsoon, andthe monsoon is in essenceresulted from the joint effects of the planetary scale cir-culation ofthermal convecti…     

基于矩形图的天然水化学分类和水化学规律研究

在论述Piper图和Durov图的基础上,推荐一种新的水化学图——矩形图,并详细叙述了矩形水化学图的划分原则和依据。通过银川平原地下水水化学资料分析,证实这种水化学图可用于确定地下水的水化学类型,并进行水文地球化学规律研究。     

Environmental flow assessment in a lake-marsh system with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns

Environmental flow (e-flow) assessment is essential for the ecological protection and restoration of lake-marsh systems. Previous studies on e-flow assessment for lake-marsh systems focused on lake-marsh systems with natural seasonal hydrological patterns (i.e., low water level in winter and high water level in summer). However, they have not considered lake-marsh systems with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns (i.e., high water level in winter and low water level in summer). The reverse seasonal hydrological patterns impose seriously negative impacts on waterbirds, because the hydrological patterns could lead to limited plant germination in spring and massive plant death in summer, leaving few plants available as food for waterbirds in winter, and could consequently reduce the sheltering and forageable areas for waterbirds. This study took Hongze Lake Wetland National Nature Reserve in China as the study area. Based on the habitat requirements of waterbirds, the sheltering and forageable areas for waterbirds under different water-depth and aquatic plant distribution scenarios were calculated. By exploring the impacts of reverse seasonal hydrological processes on waterbird habitats, we determined the necessary e-flows for lake-marsh systems with reverse seasonal hydrological patterns to meet the needs of waterbird habitat. The results showed that the water level of Hongze Lake should be controlled to 13.0–13.1 m in March, 12.5–12.6 m in July, and 12.9–13.0 m in October, which can meet the needs of waterbirds for both shelter and foraging.