COⅠ条形码辅助分析雷州半岛红树林区鱼类的物种多样性

于2014年3月至2015年7月从我国雷州半岛红树林区采集成鱼和幼鱼样本共1720尾,在依据Fish Base等鱼类形态分类系统进行鉴定的基础上,利用COⅠ条形码技术确认存在94个物种,分属11目33科72属。结果表明:红树林区鱼类种群极其丰富,其中鲈形目(Perciformes)鱼类物种最多,为59种,占总物种数的62.77%,其次是鲱形目(Clupeiformes)和鲻形目(Mugiliformes),分别占6.38%和5.32%。鲈形目中又以虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)为优势类群,含29种(占30.85%)。按生态类群分:海洋洄游鱼类最多,占物种总数的32.98%,其次为海洋偶见鱼类、两侧洄游鱼类,分别占22.34%、17.02%,以虾虎鱼类物种为主的红树林定居鱼类约占11%。本研究表明红树林生态系统是许多海水、淡水和洄游性鱼类在特定生活阶段的重要栖息地和育幼场所。另外,COⅠ条形码技术可有效快捷地鉴定出红树林海域的鱼类。     

Undifferenced Cycle Slip Estimation of Triple-Frequency BeiDou Signals with Ionosphere Prediction

With the rapid development of BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS), high-quality service has been provided in the Asia-Pacific region currently, which will be extended to the whole world very soon. BDS is the first Global Navigation Satellite System that all satellites broadcast the triple-frequency signals. The triple-frequency signals in theory can improve the cycle slip detection that is one of the preconditions in precise positioning by making use of carrier phase. This paper discusses the development of a cycle slip detection method for undifferenced BDS triple-frequency observations in kinematic scenario. In this method, two geometry-free extra-wide-lane combinations and one geometry-free narrow-lane (NL) combinations are employed. The key is to mitigate the between-epoch ionospheric biases in the geometry-free NL combinations. We propose to predict the ionospheric biases of current epoch by using those from its consecutive foregoing epochs. The method is tested with extensive experiments in varying observation scenarios. The results show that in case of sampling interval as small as 5 s, the between-epoch ionospheric biases can be ignored and the correct cycle slips can be determined. Meanwhile in case of lower sampling frequency, one needs to compensate the ionospheric biases of current epoch by using the predicted ionospheric biases. The presented method can correctly detect all cycle slips even if they are as small as 1 cycle.     

Zonal differences in correlation patterns between soil organic carbon and climate factors at multi-extent

Studying the relationship between climate factors and soil organic carbon (SOC) is vitally important. However, how SOC responses to climate (temperature and precipitation) at cohesive extents is poorly studied. Two transects of approximately the same length (transect P and transect T) were selected to examine the variation of SOC content in relation to mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). The coefficients of partial correlation between SOC density and MAT (Rt) and MAP (Rp) were determined to quantify the relationships between SOC density and the two climate factors. The results indicated that for transect T, Rt was statistically significant once the extent level was greater than or equal to two fundamental extent units, while for transect P, Rp showed statistical significance only at extent levels which were greater than two fundamental extent units. At the same extent levels but in different transects, Rts exhibited no zonal difference, but Rps did once the extent level was greater than two fundamental extent units. Therefore, to study the relationship between SOC density and different climate factors, different minimum extent levels should be examined. The results of this paper could deepen the understanding of the impacts that SOC pool has on terrestrial ecosystem and global carbon cycling.     

基于GPU的全波形并行LM分解算法

波形分解是机载激光雷达全波形数据处理的重要基础工作,通过求解波形函数模型的参数,将波形数据利用具体的函数模型拟合出来,实现对全波形及其中各个子波形函数表达。LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法及其改进的算法是波形分解中对参数进行拟合求解的常用方法。针对LM算法在参数拟合计算的过程中存在大量迭代和矩阵运算,提出了基于线程块组和线程两级并行粒度的并行计算方案。将串行多次循环迭代求解参数改为单次并行计算取最佳值实现对参数的选择,将矩阵运算进行线程块的协同并行计算,实现了LM算法在通用计算图形处理器上的并行计算。实验证明,在规定阈值条件下,并行LM降低了算法的迭代次数,提高了波形分解LM算法的计算效率,为提高波形分解的处理效率提供了研究思路。     

贵州水银洞金矿矿层矿化分析与深部预测

水银洞金矿为滇黔桂"金三角"最重要的金矿床,是典型的卡林型层控金矿床。运用绘制等高线图和含矿层矿化分布图的方法,对水银洞矿床0~427勘探线的钻孔数据分析,并用surfer软件绘制矿层的顶底板和地层矿化趋势的模拟图,重点分析了含矿地层的构造形态和矿化规律,结果显示:界面等高线反应背斜的形态,水银洞矿区背斜的高点和背斜倾伏端是金矿的主要赋存位置;Sbt(构造蚀变体)与上部龙潭组矿化值有负相关效应;水银洞矿化整体具有不均匀性,Sbt向东南延伸且在东西向具有弱—强—弱的富集规律。Sbt矿化强度在东西向具有弱—强—弱的规律,而龙潭组地层中的矿化与Sbt呈现一定负相关效应,在背斜倾伏端龙潭组矿化度开始增强,预示深部地层可能还会有大规模的工业矿体存在。     

基于IGG3的数字工业摄影测量抗差光束法平差

数字工业摄影测量中,相机拍摄的不同相片得到的像点坐标被视为等精度观测值,其权值被定为单位权进行平差计算。自检校光束法平差能够有效的补偿系统误差,但测量过程中仍然不可避免地存在粗差和随机误差。为了进一步提高数字工业摄影测量平差计算结果的精度,结合抗差估计具有"充分利用有效信息,限制利用有用信息,排除有害信息"的特点,对自检校光束法平差方法进行改进,提出了一种基于IGG3的抗差光束法平差方法;并进行公共点转换实验和重复测量实验来评价其外符合精度和内符合精度。实验结果表明改进后的方法比原方法计算所得的结果精度更高。     

区域监测站与低轨卫星数据联合测定MEO卫星轨道

我国北斗二代系统(BDS)地面运控监测站数量较少且为区域分布,短期内难以实现全球建站,因此对全球运行的中圆地球轨道卫星(MEO)难以形成连续多重覆盖观测,导致BDS的MEO实时轨道精度偏低。基于上述问题,本文考虑到低轨卫星星载GNSS数据可以有效弥补区域监测站在空间覆盖及几何结构上的不足,设计了一种将星载GNSS接收机作为高动态天基监测站,联合地面区域监测站数据对卫星导航系统的MEO卫星轨道进行实时解算预报的方法。算例结果显示:7个区域监测站联合1至3个天基监测站,其定轨精度可分别提升约21%、34%和55%,这也表明,地面区域监测站联合天基低轨卫星数据可有效提高MEO卫星的轨道精度。建议我国BDS在区域测站分布阶段可采用联合低轨卫星数据方法提高北斗MEO卫星实时轨道精度。     

基于多标尺联合标定的经纬仪测量系统精度分析

随着工业技术的进步,在大尺寸空间测量等领域,出现了诸多精密仪器,并且测量手段和测量方法也层出不穷,可是经纬仪测量系统依然以其特有的优势,在特定的测量要求(立方镜准直)、特定的测量环境下(测量范围较大且有遮挡)依然在诸多领域被应用,因此如何能够在更好的保证测量的精度便显得尤为重要。本文将在传统经纬仪交会测量的基础上,通过对标尺的位置、姿态、特别是标尺的个数等因素的不同设置,看其对测量精度的影响。试验证明,进行多标尺联合标定的方法,可以在全方位测量空间内较好地控制了测量误差,改善测量误差的空间分布,提高了测量空间内的整体测量精度和测量结果的可靠性。     

混合智能优化算法的SAR图像特征选择

为提高SAR图像自动目标识别的准确率及实时性,提出了一种基于混合智能优化的SAR图像特征选择算法。首先,采用分形特征对SAR图像进行增强,基于分割后的图像提出了一种基于图像矩的方位角估计方法。然后基于未校正和校正后的图像分别提取Zernike矩、Gabor小波系数和灰度共生矩阵构成候选特征集合,使用遗传算法结合二值粒子群的混合优化算法实现SAR图像特征选择。最后,采用MSTAR数据库验证本文算法的有效性。实验结果表明,优化后的特征集合具有一定泛化能力,一方面提高了SAR目标识别的准确率,另一方面减小了SAR图像目标识别的时间。