庐山-彭山地区伸展构造演化及其对矿产形成的制约

庐山-彭山地区原是一个经受印支早期伸展机制下所形成的变质核。它在后期又经受了挤压和伸展的多期构造叠加,致成今日面貌。印支早期所形成的伸展拉覆断层为庐、彭及其相关地区的燕山期矿液活动提供了良好的导矿和储矿空间,对矿产的形成与分布起着重要制约。     

利用偏光显微镜反射光系统观察黑色生油岩电子探针薄片中的生烃母质特征

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7油层组的黑色泥岩、油页岩等黑色生油岩薄片中的生烃母质,因黑色石油、沥青等黑色有机质的覆盖或不透明,导致其在偏光显微镜透射光系统下观察常局部或整体呈现为黑色。因此,建立一种黑色生油岩薄片中生烃母质有效观察的方法,对致密油、页岩油的生烃研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文提出了一种利用电子探针薄片和偏光显微镜的反射光系统观察黑色生油岩中生烃母质特征的方法。该方法能够克服黑色生油岩薄片中生烃母质因被黑色有机质覆盖或不透明,而在偏光显微镜的透射光系统下局部或整体呈黑色的弊端,能够对生烃母质的大小、形态、结构、分布和物质成分等特征进行整体且清晰的观察。实践表明,本文提出的利用偏光显微镜反射光系统观察黑色生油岩电子探针薄片中生烃母质特征的方法,简单有效,易在致密油、页岩油的生烃研究领域推广使用。     

Exfoliation of kaolinite by urea-intercalation precursor and microwave irradiation assistance process

A type of exfoliated kaolinite was produced by urea-intercalation and original microwave irradiation assisted method. The product was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and laser particle analysis techniques. FT-IR spectra show that NHCO molecule exists in the intercalated kaolinite. XRD analyses indicate that the kaolinite sheet-like structure was disordered after microwave irradiation. The urea decomposition process and explosion effect between the sheet-like structures of kaolinite under microwave irradiation were discussed. The SEM and BET analyses reveal that the end product is exfoliated kaolinite with thin particles and increased surface area. Size and zeta potential analyses show that the particle size distribution is between 250 nm and 550 nm with normal distribution and the particle is negatively charged. In comparison with the conventional grind method, the process adopted appears to be economic and the exfoliated kaolinite end product may display a significantly enhanced performance in industrial applications.     

Formation Environment of Main Brown Coal Seam in Xi-2 Minefield of Shengli Coalfield Based on Coal Ash Phase Analysis

The formation environment of the main coal seam in Shengli coal mine is analyzed, and the effect of coal ash parameters on the coal-forming environment is mainly discussed according to gray component parameters combined with other coal quality test analysis data. Results show that the hydrodynamic conditions of the main coal during coal accumulation have a general pattern of strong northeast and weak southwest, and lakeside swamp is generally in the retrograde process from south to north. The No.5 coal seam is a water entry cycle, and the No.5_lower coal is a water withdrawal cycle. The No.6 thick coal seam is formed in the peat swamp environment where the water is shallow and the groundwater activity is weak. The input of terrestrial debris material was most abundant in the formation period of No.5_lower coal, followed by No.5 coal, and that in No.6 coal is the least. Vertically, the peat swamp environment changed from weak reduction to weak oxidation to strong reducing environment. The ash yield was low to high to low from bottom to top. The organic sulfur is the main type of sulfur in the main coal seam. The weaker the hydrodynamic condition, the higher the organic sulfur content in the reduction environment, while lower organic sulfur content in the oxidation environment. The peat swamp water of No.5_lower coal is medium alkaline, and the peat swamp water of No.5 and No. 6 coals is weakly alkaline or acidic.     

枇杷的不同器官中元素地球化学特征

枇杷是药用价值很高的一种经济水果。研究不同母岩类型产区的枇杷中元素的地球化学特征,发现同一品种枇杷中元素的富集部位各不相同;而不同品种的枇杷所富集的元素种类大致相同,只是富集程度有差异。有益、营养元素在叶片中的含量大多高于其他部位;有害元素不超标。与枇杷果关系较为密切的营养元素主要为N、P、K、Ca、Mg;微量营养元素为B、Zn、Cu。     

陆相断陷湖盆T-R旋回沉积层序与研究实例

陆相断陷湖盆的沉降机理、湖盆形态等均有别于其它类型的沉积盆地,因此,沉积层序的内部构成及层序边界发育特征也不同。在这种湖盆中,不适合于直接套用“Vail学派”的被动大陆边缘型盆地的层序地层学模式,但其基本原理仍可应用。以东濮断陷盆地为例,分析了盆内构造－沉积旋回之内的湖进－湖退（T－R）旋回沉积层序,这种层序由湖进体系域（LTS）与湖退体系域（LRST）组成。LRST中发育有各种不同类型的储集砂体。由于断陷湖盆的边缘坡度陡峭,以及湖平面升降幅度有限,因此,叠加于构造－沉积族目之上的更高频T－R旋回层序缺乏Ｉ型层序边界,控制T－R旋回发育的主要因素是区内构造（断层）的幕式活动,而更高频的T－R旋回的形成则与米兰柯维奇气候旋回相关联。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床深部斑岩矿体找矿突破及其意义

甲玛铜多金属矿是西藏冈底斯成矿带中东段勘查程度最高、成矿元素与矿体类型复杂的超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床。通过4年多、近350 个钻孔的验证,不仅实现了矽卡岩矿体的找矿突破,同时在0-40线深部发现了产于二长花岗斑岩与石英闪长玢岩中的斑岩钼（铜）矿体,建立了“四位一体”的找矿勘查模式。斑岩矿体赋存标高一般处于4 600 m以下,矿体走向NW-SE,倾向NE,近直立,矿体垂向延伸大于350 m;斑岩矿石以发育细脉-浸染状、网脉状构造为特征;矿石中的矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿与辉钼矿,少见斑铜矿;脉石矿物主要为石英。初步查明:与铜矿化有关的含矿岩体主要为偏中性的石英闪长玢岩,蚀变以典型的细粒热液黑云母交代角闪石斑晶和基质而成的黑云母化蚀变为主;与钼矿化有关的含矿岩体主要为二长花岗斑岩,蚀变以硅化为主,次为绿帘石化、泥化和钾化。斑岩体与碳酸盐岩接触带常产出厚度超过200 m的巨厚矽卡岩矿体,且在岩体一侧有内矽卡岩产出。甲玛深部斑岩矿体的发现不仅证实了“斑岩-矽卡岩型”的矿床成因观点,而且完善了甲玛矿床成矿模式与勘查模型。     

扬子板块西北边缘碧口增生体的形成与演化

依据 1∶5万区域地质调查和科研成果 ,认为碧口增生体内部具“三层式”结构特点 ,在对碧口增生体内部物质组成、变形、变质特征及形成时代等方面研究的基础上 ,将碧口增生体的形成和演化划分为 5个阶段 :沟、弧、盆体系形成发展阶段、板块碰撞造山阶段、陆内伸展和陆盆形成阶段、陆内逆冲推覆造山阶段、断块活动和差异性抬升阶段。     

新疆库鲁克塔格阔克塔格西碱性岩年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

阔克塔格西碱性岩体出露于库鲁克塔格地块东段,兴地断裂南0.5km,呈椭圆状岩株产出,出露面积约17.5km2。岩体北部和西北部侵入于古元古界兴地塔格群中亚群大理岩、片岩及片麻岩之中,南部和东南部分别侵入于中元古代黑云母石英正长岩和黑云母角闪二长岩中。岩体从边部至中心可分为霓石钠长岩、霓石角闪正长岩和角闪正长岩3个岩相带。岩体边部内接触带形成ERR-Nb-Ta-Zr中型矿床。岩体锆石U-Pb年龄(LA-ICP-MS方法)为(224±2)Ma。岩石主要矿物为微斜长石和条纹长石,暗色矿物主要为钠铁闪石,具有碱性岩典型的富碱、低硅的特点。此外,富集轻稀土元素,负Eu异常,富集Nb、Ta、Th及Hf等高场强元素,亏损Sr、P及Ti不相容元素。Hf同位素特征显示岩浆源于富集岩石圈地幔。地球动力学背景属造山后的板内演化阶段。     

唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川雪层中淋溶作用的初步研究

利用唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川雪坑和表层积雪样品的实测资料，初步探讨本区雪层中离子淋溶作用的特征，影响因素及其对冰芯记录的干扰。研究发现淋溶作用能够对数周至数月时间尺度的雪层记录产生“平滑”作用，但不会影响冰芯记录的长期变化趋势。