全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3864篇 |
免费 | 719篇 |
国内免费 | 1089篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 508篇 |
大气科学 | 855篇 |
地球物理 | 847篇 |
地质学 | 1928篇 |
海洋学 | 436篇 |
天文学 | 129篇 |
综合类 | 446篇 |
自然地理 | 523篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 167篇 |
2021年 | 227篇 |
2020年 | 167篇 |
2019年 | 190篇 |
2018年 | 214篇 |
2017年 | 214篇 |
2016年 | 230篇 |
2015年 | 207篇 |
2014年 | 242篇 |
2013年 | 236篇 |
2012年 | 262篇 |
2011年 | 246篇 |
2010年 | 256篇 |
2009年 | 240篇 |
2008年 | 223篇 |
2007年 | 223篇 |
2006年 | 176篇 |
2005年 | 179篇 |
2004年 | 139篇 |
2003年 | 117篇 |
2002年 | 113篇 |
2001年 | 119篇 |
2000年 | 133篇 |
1999年 | 155篇 |
1998年 | 169篇 |
1997年 | 143篇 |
1996年 | 103篇 |
1995年 | 84篇 |
1994年 | 90篇 |
1993年 | 81篇 |
1992年 | 65篇 |
1991年 | 53篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 25篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5672条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
801.
802.
803.
利用日本高知大学提供的逐小时分辨率静止卫星云顶黑体亮温(TBB)资料,使用模式匹配算法对2000~2016年(2005年除外)暖季(5~9月)青藏高原东部的两类中尺度对流系统(MCS)进行了识别和追踪,并利用人工验证订正了结果。基于此,利用NOAA的CMORPH(Climate Prediction Center Morphing)降水资料和NCEP的CFSR(Climate Forecast System Reanalysis)再分析资料对高原东部两类MCS进行了统计和对比研究。研究发现,7月和8月是高原东部MCS生成最活跃的季节,然而,此两个月能够东移出高原MCS的比例最小;5月虽然MCS生成数最少,但是移出率高达近40%。对比表明,能够东移出高原的MCS(V-MCS)比不能移出的MCS(N-MCS)生命史更长,触发更早,短生命史个例占比更低。暖季各个月份,相比于N-MCS,V-MCS的对流更旺盛且发展更快,然而,由于其发生频数远低于N-MCS,总体而言,V-MCS对高原东部的降水贡献率仅为15%左右,是N-MCS相应数值的一半左右。高原东部两类MCS的环流特征差异显著,有利于V-MCS发生、维持和东移的因子主要位于对流层中低层(西风带短波槽、西风引导气流、低层风场切变),而在对流层高层,N-MCS拥有更好的高空辐散条件(其对应的南亚高压更强)。 相似文献
804.
C. Qin A.‐X. Zhu T. Pei B. Li C. Zhou L. Yang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):443-458
Most multiple‐flow‐direction algorithms (MFDs) use a flow‐partition coefficient (exponent) to determine the fractions draining to all downslope neighbours. The commonly used MFD often employs a fixed exponent over an entire watershed. The fixed coefficient strategy cannot effectively model the impact of local terrain conditions on the dispersion of local flow. This paper addresses this problem based on the idea that dispersion of local flow varies over space due to the spatial variation of local terrain conditions. Thus, the flow‐partition exponent of an MFD should also vary over space. We present an adaptive approach for determining the flow‐partition exponent based on local topographic attribute which controls local flow partitioning. In our approach, the influence of local terrain on flow partition is modelled by a flow‐partition function which is based on local maximum downslope gradient (we refer to this approach as MFD based on maximum downslope gradient, MFD‐md for short). With this new approach, a steep terrain which induces a convergent flow condition can be modelled using a large value for the flow‐partition exponent. Similarly, a gentle terrain can be modelled using a small value for the flow‐partition exponent. MFD‐md is quantitatively evaluated using four types of mathematical surfaces and their theoretical ‘true’ value of Specific Catchment Area (SCA). The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) shows that the error of SCA computed by MFD‐md is lower than that of SCA computed by the widely used SFD and MFD algorithms. Application of the new approach using a real DEM of a watershed in Northeast China shows that the flow accumulation computed by MFD‐md is better adapted to terrain conditions based on visual judgement. 相似文献
805.
Tao Pei A-Xing Zhu Baolin Li Chengzhi Qin 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):925-948
In a spatio-temporal data set, identifying spatio-temporal clusters is difficult because of the coupling of time and space and the interference of noise. Previous methods employ either the window scanning technique or the spatio-temporal distance technique to identify spatio-temporal clusters. Although easily implemented, they suffer from the subjectivity in the choice of parameters for classification. In this article, we use the windowed kth nearest (WKN) distance (the geographic distance between an event and its kth geographical nearest neighbour among those events from which to the event the temporal distances are no larger than the half of a specified time window width [TWW]) to differentiate clusters from noise in spatio-temporal data. The windowed nearest neighbour (WNN) method is composed of four steps. The first is to construct a sequence of TWW factors, with which the WKN distances of events can be computed at different temporal scales. Second, the appropriate values of TWW (i.e. the appropriate temporal scales, at which the number of false positives may reach the lowest value when classifying the events) are indicated by the local maximum values of densities of identified clustered events, which are calculated over varying TWW by using the expectation-maximization algorithm. Third, the thresholds of the WKN distance for classification are then derived with the determined TWW. In the fourth step, clustered events identified at the determined TWW are connected into clusters according to their density connectivity in geographic–temporal space. Results of simulated data and a seismic case study showed that the WNN method is efficient in identifying spatio-temporal clusters. The novelty of WNN is that it can not only identify spatio-temporal clusters with arbitrary shapes and different spatio-temporal densities but also significantly reduce the subjectivity in the classification process. 相似文献
806.
807.
808.
不同采样率水位同震响应能力及其特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析同种仪器不同采样率水位资料同震响应记录情况,发现存在很大差异,不但形态上明显不同,响应能力及响应幅度上也差别很大.在此基础上认为,秒采样率数据能更好记录同震响应.指出,为了记录到真实完整可靠的同震响应,观测仪器应在采样率、数据存储容量、GPS授时、触发阈值、时值及分钟值取值方式等方面作改进.最后指出,同震响应分析可能是今后地震分析预报有所突破的一个研究方向. 相似文献
809.
Jianhua Xu Yaning Chen Weihong Li Qin Nie Yulian Hong Yang Yang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(2):389-399
Based on the hydrologic and meteorological data in the Yarkand River Basin during 1957–2008, the nonlinear hydro-climatic process was analyzed by a comprehensive method, including the Mann–Kendall trend test, wavelet analysis, wavelet regression analysis and correlation dimension. The main findings are as following: (1) The annual runoff, annual average temperature and annual precipitation showed an increasing trend during the period of 1957–2008, and the average increase extent in runoff, temperature and precipitation was 2.234 × 108 m3/10 year, 0.223 °C/10 year, and 4.453 mm/10 year, respectively. (2) The nonlinear pattern of runoff, temperature and precipitation was scale-dependent with time. In other words, the annual runoff, annual average temperature and annual precipitation at five time scales resulted in five patterns of nonlinear variations respectively. (3) Although annual runoff, annual average temperature and annual precipitation presented nonlinear variations at different time scales, the runoff has a linear correlation with the temperature and precipitation. (4) The hydro-climatic process of the Yarkand River is chaotic dynamic system, in which the correlation dimension of annual runoff, annual average temperature and annual precipitation is 3.2118, 2.999 and 2.992 respectively. None of the correlation dimensions is an integer, and it indicates that the hydro-climatic process has the fractal characteristics. 相似文献
810.
Sparsity constrained deconvolution can improve the resolution of band-limited seismic data compared to conventional deconvolution. However, such deconvolution methods result in nonunique solutions and suppress weak reflections. The Cauchy function, modified Cauchy function, and Huber function are commonly used constraint criteria in sparse deconvolution. We used numerical experiments to analyze the ability of sparsity constrained deconvolution to restore reflectivity sequences and protect weak reflections under different constraint criteria. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of sparsity constrained deconvolution depends on the agreement between the constraint criteria and the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences; furthermore, the modified Cauchyconstrained criterion protects the weak reflections better than the other criteria. Based on the model experiments, the probability distribution of the reflectivity sequences of carbonate and clastic formations is statistically analyzed by using well-logging data and then the modified Cauchy-constrained deconvolution is applied to real seismic data much improving the resolution. 相似文献