渭河盆地新生代沉积相研究

渭河盆地位于鄂尔多斯地块南缘与秦岭造山带的交接部位,为一新生代盆地,古近系和新近系沉积厚度几千米,沉积类型多样,通过钻井及大量野外剖面的详细观察及实测,开展了地层、沉积相及岩相古地理学的研究。对渭河盆地新生代地层单位进行了重新厘定,并根据沉积特征划分为冲积扇沉积、河流沉积、湖泊沉积、三角洲沉积及风成沉积5种沉积类型。研究认为:整个沉积过程,盆地边断、边陷、边充填,纵向上极不对称,沉积中心偏南,平面上西窄东宽,盆地边部以冲积扇沉积为主,向中心由三角洲沉积逐渐过渡为湖相沉积。盆地从始新世开始沉积,渐新世后期抬升并存在沉积间断,中新世冷水沟期接着开始沉积,水体逐渐扩大,寇家村期湖泊广泛发育,至灞河期沉积范围达到最大,上新世游河期盆地存在西安、固市两大沉积凹陷区,边部开始出现风成沉积,第四纪西部隆起,湖泊沉积范围开始缩小,中更新世至全新世,盆地内湖泊萎缩成区域上的小型洼地。     

论黑龙江右岸北西向构造带的确立及其对成矿的控制作用

从小兴安岭特殊的盆岭构造地貌景观、复杂的构造交叉、多期北西向及南北向成矿构造的继承延续、中生代花岗岩带和火山岩带对成矿的控制、北西向独特的地球物理异常构造趋势等客观存在的特征,确立了黑龙江右岸北西向构造-成矿带的存在.通过大量矿床实例论述了多期活动的北西向构造带具有控岩、控矿、导矿、容矿的多项成矿功能,矿床（体）呈北西向带状分布.矿床的展布具有明显的水平分带现象.为黑龙江右岸找矿预测提供了理论依据.     

山东省地震局数字科技信息平台建设与服务

从山东省地震局数字信息服务的沿革、数字科技信息网的建设、及对数字化信息资源建设与服务的再认识等方面,展示了山东省地震局数字科技信息服务平台。该平台突出防震减灾和地区特色,整合信息资源,建立了更加完备的数字化信息网站,全面提升了山东省地震局数字科技信息的服务水平,以全新的服务模式实现了全方位、多层次的数字化信息管理服务。     

一种利用影像多尺度特征的DOM不可见水印方法

数字正射影像是测绘地理信息服务的基础数据之一。根据生产单位数据现状和对遥感影像数字水印的需求,本文综合利用影像的光谱、纹理和属性特征,提出了利用影像多尺度特征的DOM不可见水印方法。该方法首先结合小波分解和Harris特征算子提取影像多尺度特征,确定多水印的最佳嵌入区域;再利用扩频化的DWT算法嵌入不可见数字水印;最后利用影像属性信息辅助提取水印。本文从主观分析、客观分析和鲁棒性分析3个方面评价了嵌入水印影像,分析结果表明,该方法能够自动、有效地在DOM上嵌入多个不可见数字水印,多水印嵌入和影像属性信息相结合提取水印的策略极大提高了水印鲁棒性和水印检测成功率,可以满足实际生产对水印不可见性、安全性、高效性和鲁棒性的要求。     

Evolution of the Proto-Tethys in the Baoshan block along the East Gondwana margin: constraints from early Palaeozoic magmatism

Zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical and isotopic data for Late Ordovician granites in the Baoshan Block reveal the early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the margin of East Gondwana. The granites are high-K, calc-alkaline, metaluminous to strongly peraluminous rocks with A/CNK values of 0.93–1.18, are enriched in SiO₂, K₂O, and Rb, and depleted in Nb, P, Ti, Eu, and heavy rare earth elements, which indicates the crystallization fractionation of the granitic magma. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that they formed at ca. 445 Ma. High initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.719761–0.726754, negative ?_Nd(t) values of –6.6 to –8.3, and two-stage model ages of 1.52–1.64 Ga suggest a crustal origin, with the magmas derived from the partial melting of ancient metagreywacke at high temperature. A synthesis of data for the early Palaeozoic igneous rocks in the Baoshan Block and adjacent Tengchong Block indicates two stages of flare-up of granitic and mafic magmatism caused by different tectonic settings along the East Gondwana margin. Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician granitic rocks (ca. 490 Ma) were produced when underplated mafic magmas induced crustal melting along the margin of East Gondwana related to the break-off of subducted Proto-Tethyan oceanic slab. In addition, the cession of the mafic magmatism between late Cambrian-Early Ordovician and Late Ordovician could have been caused by the collision of the Baoshan Block and outward micro-continent along the margin of East Gondwana and crust and lithosphere thickening. The Late Ordovician granites in the Baoshan Block were produced in an extensional setting resulting from the delamination of an already thickened crust and lithospheric mantle followed by the injection of synchronous mafic magma.     

灵山岛早白垩世软沉积物变形构造触发机制及其古环境意义探讨

灵山岛早白垩灵山岛组发育丰富的软沉积物变形构造。野外踏勘船厂、灯塔和千层崖三个剖面,根据沉积外观可分为变形层段和非变形层段两个部分。软沉积物变形构造在变形层段和非变形层段均有发育。其中,变形层段中可见褶皱变形、变形层理及大型负载构造。非变形层段可见火焰构造、同沉积布丁构造和同沉积微断层。研究发现,变形层段软沉积物变形构造尺度大(厚度可至十多米,长度可至数百米),侧向连续性好;非变形层段软沉积物变形构造尺度小(厚度仅几个厘米),侧向连续性差。且变形层段和未变形层段厚度统计数据表明,变形层段软沉积物变形构造与砂岩厚度无必然联系,而非变形层段软沉积物变形构造多出现在粒序砂岩层底部或旋回砂岩层变厚过程中。沉积环境表明,非变形层段和变形层段为一深水低角度斜坡沉积产物。软沉积物变形构造发育形态和数量受到斜坡地形的控制。结合沉积环境及沉积特征分析,认为变形层段软沉积物变形构造触发机制为地震,而非变形层段软沉积物变形构造触发机制为负载作用。锆石测年数据表明灵山岛组与上覆流纹岩沉积时间相近,因此地震活动可能与岩浆侵入或早期火山喷发活动相关。此外,汇总早白垩世重要事件,发现灵山岛组沉积、变冷事件、恐龙迁移、海平面变化和同位素偏移具有时间一致性,因此推断这些事件可能共同对应了早白垩世一次与火山活动相关的短期灾难性事件(如早白垩世缺氧事件)。     

Spatial and temporal evolution of community resilience to natural hazards in the coastal areas of China

With the accelerating progress of industrialization, urbanization and population growth in recent decades, community resilience, the ability of communities to function effectively and recover successfully in the aftermath of disasters and shocks, has received great attentions. A number of studies had been conducted focusing on community resilience. This article applied community resilience framework to the coastal areas of China, which are the most densely populated and economically developed areas in China with the most frequent marine disasters. City-level social and economic data were used to construct a community resilience index (CRI). Using factor analysis and the global principal component analysis method, 55 city-level indexes were reduced into 15 factors that explain 73.99% of the variance. Getis–Ord G* Statistics were used to depict the high-value clusters and low-value clusters of the CRI. Clearly identified spatial and temporal variations of the CRI showed that both the overall level and regional differences of the CRI increased from 2003 to 2013; the overall spatial agglomeration characteristic of community resilience was not significant. Our findings also highlighted the key elements to improving community resilience: a robust and developed economic system; excellent education programs and training to improve consciousness on disaster prevention and mitigation; adequate investment on critical infrastructure, especially transportation and communication; proper environmental policies to protect ecosystems and water rouses; and extra attention and disaster risk budgets for vulnerable populations.     

Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov.: the Lowest Latitude Fossil Record of the Genus

Extant Asplenium is one of the most widespread fern groups and occurs in the temperate and tropical regions. However, the fossil records of this genus are poorly documented, especially in the low latitudes. Here, a new species, Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene of Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province, South China. This is the lowest modern latitude fossil record of Asplenium and the first fossil assignment of A. section Darea (Jussieu) Bak., as well as the first fossil record of Asplenium reported from South China. This new species shows that Asplenium had already spread into South China by the early Eocene and the section Darea (Jussieu) Bak. was identifiable within the genus Asplenium during that time. This new species, combined with previous fossil spore-pollen records indicates a warm and humid climate in the Sanshui Basin of the early Eocene.     

西藏多龙矿集区地堡那木岗铜(金)矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

地堡那木岗铜(金)矿床位于西藏多龙矿集区,探明储量达大型规模;矿床的成矿过程分为岩浆作用阶段、钾长石-硫化物阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段、碳酸盐-黄铁矿阶段和氧化作用阶段,其中石英-多金属硫化物阶段和碳酸盐-黄铁矿阶段为主要成矿阶段;为查明成矿流体特征,确定矿床成因类型,对取自深部矿石中的碳酸盐脉(均为碳酸盐-黄铁矿成矿阶段含黄铁矿黄铜矿石英脉)开展流体包裹体的岩相学观察和显微测温分析。分析结果表明,上述矿物中主要发育富液相、富气相和含子矿物三相包裹体。其中,富液相包裹体的均一温度与盐度分别为:t=80~600℃、w(NaCl,eq)=4.48%~18.79%;富气相包裹体的均一温度和盐度分别为:t=240~560℃、w(NaCl,eq)=5.09%~9.73%;含子矿物三相包裹体的均一温度与盐度分别为:t=240~560℃、w(NaCl,eq)=36%~72%。综合分析认为,地堡那木岗铜(金)矿床成矿流体发生了强烈的沸腾作用,流体沸腾作用是该矿床的重要成矿机制。通过与国内外典型斑岩型矿床与高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床的流体包裹体特征进行对比,其与斑岩型矿床的中高温、高盐度流体特征相似。因此,推测地堡那木岗矿床的成因类型为斑岩型铜(金)矿床。     

桂林毛村地下河流域雨季与旱季定量示踪分析

以典型岩溶地区广西桂林市毛村地下河流域为例,基于在线高分辨率监测进行雨季与旱季定量示踪试验,精细刻画流域内含水介质特征。根据示踪试验研究及毛村地下河系统内地下水的径流和分布特征,可将毛村地下河系统划分为社更岩、扁岩地下河系统,大冲里-背地坪系统和大岩前落水洞-毛村出口系统。这三个子系统分布于毛村流域的上游和下游,其示踪剂浓度历时曲线为陡升陡降的尖峰,地下管道相对单一,无较大岔道和溶潭发育。各段地下河水动力作用以对流作用为主,且水流一般呈现为紊流流态。雨季流速快、流量较大,平均运移时间短,示踪剂回收率比旱季高。流域中游含水介质相对均匀,无管道发育,地下水主要赋存于溶蚀裂隙。