利用端元光谱内插的青海植被覆盖度估算研究

针对利用像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度的精度不高的问题,该文基于OSAVI,提出了选定模型参数(OSAVIs和OSAVIv)的方法,并将该方法应用于青海省植被覆盖度估算。该方法通过高分辨率影像在研究区内选取纯裸地和纯植被样点,并将纯裸地样点的OSAVI作为纯裸地样点像元的OSAVIs,将纯植被样点的OSAVI作为纯植被样点像元的OSAVIv,利用样点像元的OSAVIs和OSAVIv值,通过普通克里金内插法,求得研究区每个像元对应的OSAVIs和OSAVIv。经精度验证结果表明:此方法较常规的参数选取方法,RMSE由0.170降至0.156,MAE由0.137降至0.124。经进一步分析表明,此方法对边缘验证点和非边缘验证点的估算精度都有所提高,由于配准误差和周围地表漫反射的影响,边缘验证点的估算精度低于对非边缘验证点的估算精度。     

双频BDS实时精密单点定位算法和精度分析

为了对BDS实时精密单点定位性能进行评估,该文提出了一种适用于BDS系统的实时精密单点定位算法。采用无电离组合模型作为双频实时精密单点定位的数学模型,采用电离层残差法和Melbourne-Wübbena组合实时探测相位周跳,进而单历元实时估计坐标、模糊度等参数,实现了BDS双频实时精密单点定位算法。基于此算法,采用轨道钟差产品和采样间隔为1s的观测数据,模拟实时BDS双频精密单点定位算法,并评估其定位精度。实验结果表明:BDS双频实时定位的平面精度和三维精度均为0.2m左右。     

黄海南部小黄鱼洄游分布及种群结构特征

Monthly fishery survey data of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the southern Yellow Sea from2003 and 2013 were employed to evaluate the variation in the resource distribution and biological characteristics(especially body length and sex ratio) in the population on a decadal scale.The results indicated that the small yellow croaker migrated from the Shawai fishing ground to the Dasha fishing ground in spring and was mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the Dasha fishing ground in April and May.Larimichthys polyactis in the Dasha fishing ground migrated eastward to offshore wintering grounds in autumn and reached the central Dasha fishing ground in October and November.The small yellow croaker entered the western waters of the Shawai fishing ground in winter.A large number of age 0+ fish occurred in the Shawai and Jiangwai fishing grounds in October of 2003 and 2013.The body lengths of the spawning stock and wintering stock in 2013 were larger than those in 2003,and the monthly sex ratios(female to male) were significantly less than 1 in both years.The monthly distribution of this fish in the southern Yellow Sea was consistent with a previous finding that "the stock migrated between the wintering grounds in the west of Jeju Island and the Lüsi spawning grounds" but tended to move more northward,with the spawning grounds extending outward.In the past decade,body length variation experienced a decline after an increase,rather than a steady decrease.The sex ratio in the single-stick stow net showed a tendency to increase over the decade,but was either less than or more than 1 depending on the fishing gear;therefore,further studies should be conducted to determine the sex structure.     

Atmospheric insight to climatic signals of δ~(18)O in a Laohugou ice core in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during 1960–2006

δ~(18)O variations;;ice core;;outgoing longwave radiation;;meridional wind;;northeastern Tibetan Plateau     

地下水溶质运移数值法和解析法预测结果对比分析—以沾化电厂为例

数值法和解析法是当前解决地下水流和溶质运移问题最常用的两种方法,虽然数值法以其广泛的适用性和较高的仿真性等优点取得了越来越普遍的应用,但解析法也以其简单易用等特点一直成为首选方法之一。该文以沾化电厂地下水环评项目为例,分别采用两种方法对污染物在长期和短期渗漏情况下对地下水所造成的污染情况进行了预测,并在对两种方法预测结果的差异进行分析的基础上,论述了解析法在该区的适宜性,为解析法在该区的应用提供了参考。     

Glacier changes in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range of Tibetan Plateau from 1975 to 2013

Maritime-type glaciers in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, located in the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, are an important water source for downstream residents and ecological systems. To better understand the variability of glaciers in this region, we used the band ratio threshold(TM3/TM5 for the Landsat TM /ETM+ and TM4/TM6 for Landsat OLI) to extract glacier outlines in ~1999 and ~2013. After that, we also generated a series of glacier boundaries and monitored glacier variations in the past 40 years with the help of the Chinese Glacier Inventory data(1975) and Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI data. The total glacier area decreased by 37.69 ± 2.84% from 1975 to 2013. The annual percentage area change(APAC) was ~1.32% a-1 and ~1.29% a-1 in the periods 1975-1999 and 1999-2013, respectively. According to the lag theory, the reaction time is probably about 10 years and we discuss the variations of temperature and precipitation between 1965 and 2011. Temperature and precipitation increased between 1965 and 2011 at a rate of 0.34°C /10 a and 15.4 mm/10 a, respectively. Extensive meteorological data show that the glacier shrinkage rate over the period may be mainly due to increasing air temperature, while the increasing precipitation partly made up for the mass loss of glacier ice resulting from increasing temperature may also lead to the low APAC between 1999 and 2013. The lag theory suggests that glacier shrinkage may accelerate in the next 10 years. Small glaciers were more sensitive to climate change, and there was a normal distribution between glacier area and elevation. Glaciers shrank in all aspects, and south aspects diminished faster than others.