混凝土重力坝双滑面抗力方向角的取值研究

在《混凝土重力坝设计规范》(SL319-2005)中标准双滑面的稳定性程度推荐采用等K法进行计算,但对于抗力方向角的选取并没有统一的标准,研究表明,该方法中抗力角的选取对计算结果比较敏感。为了得到合理的抗力方向角,采用Sarma法、有限元法及刚体极限平衡法中的无条分法对抗力角的选取进行了深入的探讨,并给出了抗力方向角的选取建议。最后通过具体混凝土重力坝工程实例,依据抗力角的选取建议对其沿缓倾角软弱结构面的抗滑稳定问题进行分析,并给出了其最危险滑移面。     

蜀南地区二叠系茅口组古岩溶地区水系分布及岩溶地貌单元特征*

蜀南地区茅口组为一套沉积稳定的巨厚层生物碎屑灰岩,基质致密性脆。中二叠世末的东吴运动使蜀南地区茅口组顶部发育古风化壳岩溶,古岩溶地区水系控制着古岩溶的发育和演化。在研究古地貌恢复方法的基础上,分析研究区地层特征和区域构造背景,采用印模法进行古地貌恢复,进而研究了古岩溶地区的水系发育特征。在此基础上,结合风化壳表面侵蚀溶蚀特征、沉积物性质、地貌组合形态、钻井和地震资料,把研究区划分为岩溶台地、岩溶陡坡、岩溶缓坡及岩溶盆地4种二级地貌单元和溶丘洼地、岩溶槽谷、峰林平原等10种三级地貌单元,进一步分析了各种地貌单元的岩溶特征,为下一步的储集层预测提供了有利的目标。     

Drought variability at the northern fringe of the Asian summer monsoon region over the past millennia

The northern fringe of the Asian summer monsoon region (NASM) in China refers to the most northwestern extent of the Asian summer monsoon. Understanding the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of drought variability at long and short time-scales in the NASM region is of great importance, because present and future water shortages are of great concern. Here, we used newly developed and existing tree-ring, historical documentary and instrumental data available for the region to identify spatial and temporal patterns, and possible mechanisms of drought variability, over the past two millennia. We found that drought variations were roughly consistent in the western (the Qilian Mountains and Hexi Corridor) and eastern (the Great Bend of the Yellow River, referred to as GBYR) parts of the NASM on decadal to centennial timescales. We also identified the spatial extent of typical multi-decadal GBYR drought events based on historical dryness/wetness data and the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. It was found that the two periods of drought, in AD 1625–1644 and 1975–1999, exhibited similar patterns: specifically, a wet west and a dry east in the NASM. Spatial characteristics of wetness and dryness were also broadly similar over these two periods, such that when drought occurred in the Karakoram Mountains, western Tianshan Mountains, the Pamirs, Mongolia, most of East Asia, the eastern Himalayas and Southeast Asia, a wet climate dominated in most parts of the Indian subcontinent. We suggest that the warm temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific might have been mainly responsible for the recent 1975–1999 drought. Possible causes of the drought of 1625–1644 were the combined effects of the weakened Asian summer monsoon and an associated southward shift of the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone. These changes occurred due to a combination of Tibetan Plateau cooling together with more general Northern Hemisphere cooling, rather than being solely due to changes in the sea surface temperature of the tropical Pacific. Our results provide a benchmark for comparing and validating paleo-simulations from general circulation model of the variability of the Asian summer monsoon at decadal to centennial timescales.     

辽宁中部早中生代地层及找煤远景评价

辽宁中部一些地区的含煤地层以前被认为是白垩系下统的沙海组、阜新组,该观点导致区域地层对比混乱。通过对该区含煤地层组合特征综合分析,认为其应属下侏罗统北票组含煤岩系。此结论对进一步明确该地区找煤方向、确定找煤远景区具有重要意义。     

Investigating soil thermodynamic parameters of the active layer on the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The soil thermodynamic parameters, including thermal conductivity, diffusivity and volumetric capacity within the active layer on the northern Tibetan Plateau, were calculated using the measured data of soil temperature gradient, heat flux, and moisture at four stations from October 2003 to September 2004. The results showed that the soil thermodynamic parameters exhibited clear seasonal fluctuation. The thermal conductivity and diffusivity in summer and autumn at Beiluhe, Kexinling, and Tongtianhe were larger than those in winter. The volumetric thermal capacity causes an opposite change; it was larger in autumn and winter than in summer. In spring, the soil thermal conductivity at the Kekexili station was larger than that in summer. Generally, fine-grained soils and lower saturation degrees in the topsoil might be a reason for the lower soil thermal conductivity in winter. For a given soil, soil moisture was the main factor influencing the thermodynamic parameters. The unfrozen water content that existed in frozen soils greatly affected the soil thermal conductivity, whose contribution rate was estimated to be 55 %. The thermodynamic parameters of frozen soils could be expressed as a function of soil temperature, volumetric ice content and soil salinity, while for the unfrozen ground the soil moisture content is the dominant factor for those thermal parameters. As for the soil thermal diffusivity, there exists a critical value of soil moisture content. When the soil moisture content becomes less than a critical value, the soil thermal diffusivity increases as the soil moisture content rises.     

钛白废液的治理与综合利用硫酸钾溶解平衡的热力学研究

本文应用热力学基本原理和方法研究硫酸钾溶解平衡,结果表明,硫酸钾在纯水中的溶解度随温度变化符合前人总结的实验规律,而在４３℃的钛白废水液液中硫酸钾有反常深 现象,这为确定硫酸钾结晶析出的最佳温度提供了热力学依据,通过热力学计算,论证了硫酸钾溶解平衡符合势学基本原理。     

岩石侵蚀速率测算方法研究综述及展望

讨论了目前应用比较广泛的几种测算岩石侵蚀速率的方法,将目前岩石侵蚀速率测算方法分为2类:一类为质量测算法,包括公式计算法、流域水化学监测法、样品称重法;另一类为几何测算法,包括微侵蚀测量仪法、对比计算法和宇宙成因核素法.探讨了各方法的测算原理、优缺点及其适用领域,质量测算法中的公式计算法和流域水化学监测法比较适用于大面积的国土监测工作;样品称重法和3类几何测算法适用于尺度较小的地学研究和文物保护、工程技术等应用领域.最后,总结了岩石侵蚀速率研究者和案例地的地理分布规律,并对岩石侵蚀速率测算研究进行了展望.     

二连盆地侏罗系地层热演化史研究

本文应用磷灰石裂变径迹,镜质体动力学模型等方法恢复二连盆地侏罗系地层的热演化史,二连盆地图参１井磷灰石退火浓度为１６００－２７７４ｍ,对应的退火温度为６４－１０２．７℃,图参１井现今温度小于最高古地温,这是由于二连盆地地温梯度逐渐降低及地层发生抬升和剥蚀所致。根据磷灰石裂变径迹分析和镜质体动力学模型模拟图参１井的热演化史,在晚侏罗世时其经受的最高地温梯度分别为７℃／ｈｍ和６℃／ｈｍ。侏罗系地层在晚     

田湾核电工程场地风化囊体工程特性研究

针对田湾核电工程场地调查时发现的不良风化囊体,在原有勘探方案基础上通过加密钻孔与取样,结合浅层地震勘探、声波测井、点载荷试验及室内测试等手段,查明了场地风化囊体的分布范围,对其形成原因进行了探讨,并对风化囊体内岩体的完整性和岩石风化等级进行了评价,得到了反映风化囊体工程特性的力学指标及动态参数,分析了风化囊体对核电建设的影响,为核电工程基础设计提供了科学依据。 更多还原     

广西凤凰山银矿床构造控矿与找矿方向研究

广西凤凰山银矿床位于西大明山复式背斜北东端的次级褶皱断裂破碎带中。本文基于区域构造背景,研究了凤凰山银矿床构造对矿化蚀变的控制作用,分析了控矿构造组合样式及其形成机理。认为矿体产于NWW向压剪性断裂中的局部张性地段,断裂产状变化部位以及NWW向断裂与NW向断裂交会部位是成矿有利部位。