The influence of plant root system architectural properties upon the stability of loess hillslopes,Northeast Qinghai,China

To investigate the influence of root system architectural properties of three indigenous (cold-adapted) shrubs on the hillslope stability of loess deposits in the Xining Basin, northeast part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), indoor direct shear tests have been conducted on the remolded rooted soil of three shrubs. Test results show that root system architectural indices (root area ratio (RAR), root length density (RLD) and root density (RD)) of the shrubs decline with depth and the relationship between RAR, RD and depth is exponential, while a power relationship describes the relationship between RLD and depth. The cohesion force of remolded rooted soil for the shrubs initially increases with depth, but it then demonstrates a slightly decreasing trend, which can be described with a power relationship. Power relationships also describe relationships between cohesion force and RAR, RLD and RD for the shrubs. As the growth period increases from 10 to 17 months, the incremental increase in RAR is 48.32% ~ 210.25% for Caragana korshinskii Kom and 0.56% ~ 166.85% for Zygophyllum xanthoxylon (Bunge) Maxim. This proportional increase is notably larger than that for RLD and RD. The increment in RAR is marginally greater for C. korshinskii than it is for Z. xanthoxylon. Correspondingly, the cohesion force incremental rates of remolded rooted soil for C. korshinskii and Z. xanthoxylon are 12.41% ~ 25.22% and 3.45% ~ 17.33% respectively. Meanwhile, as root content increases, the contribution by roots to cohesion force increases markedly until a threshold condition is reached.     

Winter meso-scale shear front in the Yellow Sea and its sedimentary effects

In this paper, the authors explored the presence of shear fronts between the Yellow Sea Coastal Current (YSCC) and the monsoon-strengthened Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) in winter and their sedimentary effects within the shear zone based on a fully validated numerical model. This work added the wind force to a tidal model during simulating the winter baroclinic circulation in the Yellow Sea. The results indicate that the YSWC is significantly strengthened by wind-driven compensation due to a northeast monsoon during winter time. When this warm current encounters the North Shandong-South Yellow Sea coastal current, there is a strong reverse shear action between the two current systems, forming a reverse-S-shaped shear front that begins near 34°N in the south and extends to approximately 38°N, with an overall length of over 600 km. The main driving force for the formation of this shear front derives from the circulation system with the reverse flow. In the shear zone, temperature and salinity gradients increase, flow velocities are relatively small and the flow direction on one side of the shear zone is opposite to that on the other side. The vertical circulation structure is complicated, consisting of a series of meso- and small-scale anti-clockwise eddies. Particularly, this shear effect significantly hinders the horizontal exchange of coastal sediments carried by warm currents, resulting in fine sediments deposition due to the weak hydrodynamic regime.     

环境污染重心与社会经济重心的演变对比分析——以河南省为例

运用空间结构重心计算方法,选取河南省18个行政区的相关数据,对河南省2003—2013年环境污染重心与社会经济重心的空间分布、移动规律和相互影响进行分析。分别计算工业废水、废气、固体废弃物3个环境污染重心,年末总人口、GDP、社会固定资产投资3个社会经济重心,从移动距离、移动方向、移动路径、斜率分析、空间相关性分析等多个角度阐述河南省环境污染重心、社会经济重心的动态变化与空间联系。结果表明:经济重心的移动与河南省区域经济发展政策有关;经济重心与各项污染重心的空间距离越来越大;固体废弃物、废气与废水向经济重心两侧移动,总体呈"个"字型态发展;经济重心所在区位基本不变而且将会保持。     

新疆东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年、氧同位素及其地质构造意义

本文为首次报道东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及氧同位素。北塔山蛇绿混杂岩出露于扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿混杂岩东南端,中蒙边境附近。岩石地球化学表明,其主要为岛弧玄武岩,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式表现为轻稀土相对富集,微量元素的N-MORB标准化蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),存在Nb和Ta负异常,显示了受消减带影响的信息,其可能是准噶尔地区洋壳俯冲-消减的产物。东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩中辉长岩的锆石获得了3组SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,第一组锆石的年龄为494±3Ma(n=14,χ2=1.16),对应δ18O加权平均值为5.2±0.3‰(1σ),与幔源锆石δ18O值(5.3±0.3‰)相一致,代表了辉长岩的形成年龄,亦代表了该蛇绿岩形成时代。辉长岩中第二组锆石的SHRIMP UPb年龄范围为412±13Ma和259~264Ma,对应锆石δ18O值为6.5±0.1‰~11.1±0.1‰,表明它们受到后期高δ18O壳源流体/熔体不同程度的改造。研究区与玄武岩呈侵入接触关系的花岗斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为407±2Ma,代表了该花岗斑岩的形成年龄,并约束了阿尔曼泰洋盆的闭合时限可能为晚志留纪-早泥盆纪。而其对应锆石δ18O值为6.1±0.2‰(1σ),反映了岩浆物质可能主要来源于下伏玄武质洋壳。本文的研究结果不仅表明北塔山蛇绿岩形成于晚寒武世,而且进一步证明它是扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿岩带的东南延伸。更为重要的是,本文的研究还证明锆石O同位素研究与锆石SHRIMP定年研究相结合是合理解释蛇绿岩中锆石年龄复杂性的有效途径之一。     

黑洞的搜寻和证认(II):脉冲星-黑洞(PSR-BH)双星系统的研究和搜寻

综述了脉冲星-黑洞（PSR－BH）系统的诞生率理论并指出近期发现该系统的可能性。通过综述和分析脉冲星-中子星（PSR－NS）系统的观测特性,特别是脉冲星精确守时性对精确确定双星轨道参量和验证引力理论的重要意义,推测了PSR－BH系统的可能性质,指出发现PSR-BH系统对黑洞的搜寻和最终证认的重要意义。最后简介目前搜寻PSR-BH系统的现状和我们搜寻短轨道周期脉冲双星的计划。     

运用系统动态学方法研究区域可持续发展问题的一些探讨

本文在分析区域可持续发展系统一般特征的基础上,讨论了运用系统动态学方法研究区域可持续发展问题的优势,潜力和面临的种种问题,提出了解决有关问题的一些具体途径,并初步形成了基于系统动态学的应用与扩展的区域可持续发展研究方法体系框架。     

采动诱发岩体移动破坏过程数值模拟研究

本文基于岩石介质的宏观非线性主要是由非均质性和各向异性造成的, 应用新的数值计算软件RFPA(2D), 对采动引起岩体失稳破坏的全过程进了数值模拟研究。     

Late Oligocene sedimentary environments and provenance abrupt change event in the northern South China Sea

A significant change in composition was recorded in late Oligocene sediments from the northern South China Sea. This abrupt event coincided with the seafloor spreading axis jump across the Oligocene/Miocene boundary, leading to sedimentation breaks and slumps as well as obvious changes in sediment geochemical composition, and representing the greatest tectonic activity in the South China Sea region since the Oligocene. Through this tectonic event, the sedimentary environment in the Baiyun sag area transformed from a continental shelf in the late Oligocene to a continental slope since the early Miocene, the provenance of the sediments changed from neighboring areas to the hinterland of the South China block, and the sea level rose since the early Miocene in the area. Therefore, this abrupt change event has a profound influence on the evolution of petroleum offshore in the northern South China Sea. __________ Translated from Geology in China, 2007, 34(6): 1022–1031 [译自: 中国地质]     

A review of progress in coupled ocean-atmosphere model developments for ENSO studies in China

El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is the strongest interannual signal that is producedby basinscale processes in the tropical Pacific,with significant effects on weather and climate worldwide.In the past,extensive and intensive international efforts have been devoted to coupled model developments for ENSO studies.A hierarchy of coupled ocean-atmo sphere models has been formulated;in terms of their complexity,they can be categorized into intermediate coupled models(ICMs),hybrid coupled models(HCMs),and fully coupled general circulation models(CGCMs).ENSO modeling has made significant progress over the past decades,reaching a stage where coupled models can now be used to successfully predict ENSO events 6 months to one year in advance.Meanwhile,ENSO exhibits great diversity and complexity as observed in nature,which still cannot be adequately captured by current state-of-the-art coupled models,presenting a challenge to ENSO modeling.We primarily reviewed the long-term efforts in ENSO modeling continually and steadily made at different institutions in China;some selected representative examples are presented here to review the current status of ENSO model developments and applications,which have been actively pursued with noticeable progress being made recently.As ENSO simulations are very sensitive to model formulations and process representations etc.,dedicated efforts have been devoted to ENSO model developments and improvements.Now,different ocean-atmosphere coupled models have been available in China,which exhibit good model performances and have already had a variety of applications to climate modeling,including the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6).Nevertheless,large biases and uncertainties still exist in ENSO simulations and predictions,and there are clear rooms for their improvements,which are still an active area of researches and applications.Here,model performances of ENSO simulations are assessed in terms of advantages and disadvantages with these differently formulated coupled models,pinpointing to the areas where they need to be further improved for ENSO studies.These analyses provide valuable guidance for future improvements in ENSO simulations and predictions.     

2002年12月25日乌恰5.8级地震序列分析及地震趋势预测

通过分析2002年12月25日乌恰5．8级地震后主震附近的地震活动特征，认为该震属孤立型地震。在地震类型判定的基础上，进一步做了以下分析工作：①乌恰—喀什区地震活动异常背景分析；②在地震活跃期内新疆境内强震主体活动区域分析；③乌恰—喀什区与阿图什—柯坪区强震活动关联性分析；④区域历史地震类型统计和震源环境分析；⑤乌恰5．8级地震和伽师—巴楚6．8级地震对区域应力场影响分析。综合分析认为，乌恰—喀什地区有明显的地震异常背景，但此次5．8、6．8级地震可能会对乌恰—喀什及周围地区的应力场产生影响，可能在一定程度上缓解该区域的应变积累，其相邻的阿图什—柯坪地区的地震活动有可能会减弱，或延缓乌恰—喀什地区的强震活动。