易县地震台四分量钻孔应变观测震前异常特征

通过对河北易县地震台钻孔应变资料进行处理,发现在2014年9月6日涿鹿4.3级和2015年9月14日昌黎4.2级地震前,该台四分量钻孔应变观测到显著前兆异常变化,与2012年5月28日唐山4.8级地震前出现的异常相似度较高,异常形态均表现为"来快去慢",均在极值附近维持数日后,逐渐恢复原值过程中发生地震。     

摩擦滑动对石英和方解石热释光性质的影响及其地震地质意义

通过高温高压实验及热释光测量建立了石英在100MPa和方解石在30MPa围压下剩余热释光强度随温度的变化曲线,以此为据,通过三轴摩擦实验前后样品的热释光测量,研究了相应围压、不同错动速率下摩擦滑动对石英和方解石剩余热释光强度的影响及其反映的温度变化。在此基础上,根据已有理论结果和实际资料,对利用热释光方法断代及推测断层活动方式的可能性等问题进行了讨论     

Variations of Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic systematics in basalt during intensive weathering

The Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions of both saprolites and parent rocks of a profile of intensively weathered Neogene basalt in Hainan, South China are reported in this paper to investigate changes of isotopic systematics with high masses. The results indicate that all these isotopic systematics show significant changes in saprolites compared to those in corresponding parent rocks. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr system was more seriously affected by weathering processes than other isotope systems, with ε_Sr drifts 30 to 70 away from those of the parent rocks. In the upper profile (> 2.2 m), the Sr isotopes of the saprolites show an upward increasing trend with ε_Sr changing from ~ 50 at 2.2 m to ~ 70 at 0.5 m, accompanying a upward increasing of Sr concentrations, from ~ 10 μg/g to ~ 25 μg/g. As nearly all the Sr of the parent rock has been removed during intensive weathering in this profile, the upward increasing of Sr concentrations in the upper profile suggests import of extraneous Sr. Rainwater in this region, which enriches in Sr (up to 139 μg/L) from seawater, may be the important extraneous source. Thus, the Sr isotopes of the saprolites in the upper profile may be mainly influenced by import of extraneous materials, and the Sr isotopic characteristics may not be retained. In contrast, the ε_Nd and ε_Hf of the saprolites drift only 0–2.6 and 0–3.7 away from the parent rocks, respectively. The negative drifts of the ε_Nd and ε_Hf are coupled with Nd and Hf losses in the saprolites; i.e., larger proportions of Nd and Hf loss correspond to lower ε_Nd and ε_Hf. Compared with the relative high Nd and Hf concentrations of the saprolites, the contributions of extraneous Nd and Hf both from wet and dry deposits of aeolian input are negligible. Thus, the ε_Nd and ε_Hf changes in the profile are mainly resulted from consecutive removal of the Nd and Hf. Calculation indicates that the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios in saprolites are all significantly lower than their initial values in the parent rock. Simply removing part of the Nd and Hf by incongruent decomposing some of the minerals may not account for this. Fractionation should be happen, which ¹⁴³Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf may be preferentially removed from the profile relative to ¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁷Hf during intensive chemical weathering, resulting in lower ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios in saprolites relative to the parent rock, even though details for this process is not known. A positive correlation is observed between the ε_Nd and ε_Hf of the saprolites. Interestingly, the saprolites with a net loss of Nd and Hf in the upper profile show good positive correlation, and the regression line parallels the terrestrial array. By contrast, saprolites with a net gain of Nd and Hf in the lower profile generally show higher ε_Hf values at a given ε_Nd value, and the regression line between these ε_Nd and ε_Hf appears to parallel the seawater array. This supports the hypothesis that the contribution of continental Hf from chemical weathering release is the key to the obliquity of the seawater array away from the terrestrial array of the global ε_Nd and ε_Hf correlation. Our results also indicate that caution is needed when using ε_Sr, ε_Nd, and ε_Hf to trace provenances for sediments and soils.     

The geobiological formation process of the marine source rocks in the Middle Permian Chihsia Formation of South China

The Chihsia Formation is one of the four sets of regional marine hydrocarbon source rocks from South China.In the past two decades,detailed geochemical and sedimentological studies have been carried out to investigate its origination,which have demonstrated that the high primary productivity plays a primary role in the deposition of sediments enriched in the organic matter.However,the mechanism of this high productivity and the path of the deposition and burial of the organic matter have always been a mystery.Based on the previous studies on the Shangsi Section in Guangyuan City,Sichuan Province,we proposed that the development of the equatorial upwelling due to the sea level rise is responsible for the relatively high productivity in the Chihsia Formation.The sea waters with high nutrient were transported by the sub-surface currents along the equator.High organic carbon flux was deposited on the deeper shelf,and then decomposed by bacteria,leading to the occurrence of anaerobic respiration.The metabolism of the microorganisms consumed the dissolved oxygen in waters,which was in favor of the preservation of the organic matter.This suggested geobiological model integrating with paleoclimatology,paleoceanography and geomicrobiology will help us to understand the causes of this particular sedimentary sequence.     

胶南隆起北缘石门-薛家庄韧性剪切带

石门－薛家庄韧性剪切带曾经历过正－左行平移、正－右行平移及左行正滑三期剪切运动。其东段以正－右行平移运动为主，中段具左行正滑性质，而其西段（小卜落崮韧性剪切带）则主要为左行平移。该剪切带同时又是一条经受了低绿片岩相－角闪岩相变形的多相剪切变形带。在剪切带的横剖面上，石英与斜长石的粒度在弱变形带中具双峰式分布的特征，在强变形带中则细而均匀；钾长石的粒度在弱变形带中粗而均匀，在强变形带中则呈现双峰式分布。钾长石和斜长石在韧性变形过程中均可向钠长石转化，应力越大转化越彻底。剪切带的变形机制为简单剪切机制，石英滑移系既有底面滑移又有柱面、菱面滑移。     

胶南造山带及邻近地区的重磁场特征及地质解释

胶南造山带的重磁场特征为一条醒目的重力低、磁力高值带，走向北东－南西，陆上部分长约450km，宽40～70km。其重磁场值一般为0×10－5m／S2～20×10－5m／S2、0～300nT，反映胶南造山带的轮廓及带内低密度的早元古代晋宁期花岗岩基和中强磁性的中生代燕山晚期岩浆岩的分布。根据重力场降低、磁异常升高程度和规模大小（宽窄），该重磁场带又可分为日照－青岛、乳山－威海、即墨－海阳三段，前者重力低、磁力高的程度较强，范围较大。造山带内重磁异常值具负相关关系，域值呈正相关性，即重力值越低的地区磁异常值越高，二者的范围大体相当。这一特征反映了造山带内部早元古代晋宁期花岗片麻岩的发育程度和中生代岩浆岩侵入的规模。胶南造山带的重力低、磁力高值带与连云港－苏山岛重力高、磁力低值带恰成对照。后者重磁场值一般为10×10－5m／S2～30×10-5m／S2、一50～-100nT，反映连云港－苏山岛块体的结晶基底由高密度、低磁性的原东海群、荆山群包体和无古宙侵入岩组成。该造山带南东侧西低东高的重力梯度带（Vzz＝1．2×10－5m·S－2／km～1．75×10－5m·S－2／km）反映了赣榆一荣成断裂（倾向NW）的存在；北西侧正磁异常带表明该断裂为控岩断裂，其南段的正负重力梯度带（Vzz＝1．0×10-5m·S-     

A Discussion of Concavo-Convex Contacts between Oolites and Quartz Grains in Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Rocks in Huanghua Basin, China

Concavo-convex contacrs between oolites and quartz grains are observed in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate rocks of the lower part of number 1 of Shahejie Formation, beach area, Dagang. Thin sections observation shows that oolite is convex in quartz grain, and oolite is complete. A possible explanation for it is pressure dissolution under alkaline fluid.     

Diagenetic Sequences Analysis of Fuyu Reservoir in Qijia - Gulong Depression, Northern Songliao Basin

Five paragenetic associations are recognized in Fuyu reservoir of Qijia - gulong depression of Daqing oil field: 1 )detrital illite permeation, glauconite and pyrite precipitation; 2 ) feldspar dissolution, kaolinite precipitation and the incipient quartz overgrowths; 3 ) early calcite cements; 4 ) postdate quartz overgrowths and pore - filling quartz, authigenetic illite and chlorite formation, feldspar overgrowths, petroleum injections, K - feldspar and calcite cement dissolution; 5) pore - filling calcite and calcite replacement.