Three dimensional analysis of large strain thaw consolidation in permafrost

Thaw consolidation of ice-rich permafrost is a typical problem in cold regions engineering. This paper proposes a three dimensional analysis of large strain thaw consolidation for post-thawed zone of permafrost, which is defined by a moving thawing boundary problem with phase changes. The theory is implemented in a numerical code and the numerical results are compared with thaw consolidation tests. For problems with low water contents, the small and large strain methods provide virtually the same results. For problems with high water contents, however, the large strain theory shows a much better performance.     

Compositional fractionation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the karst soils, South China

This study aims to explore the condensation and fractionation trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the karst soils. The tiankeng is a karst surface expression that can act as a focal point for introduction of contaminants to a karst aquifer, which may serve both as condenser for vapor phase POPs and as barrier/sink for particulate associated less volatile POPs. The fractionation of POPs in soils from the upper rim and floor of tiankeng is of interest in understanding the role of tiankeng in the long-distance transport of POPs. In the present study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface soils from the upper rim and floor of Dashiwei tiankeng in Southern China were analyzed. The total PAH concentrations in soils were 23.40–190 ng g⁻¹, with phenanthrene being the most abundant. The distribution patterns of PAH compounds in the soil samples matched well with their properties. It indicated the heavy PAHs were susceptible to retention by the floor soils of tiankeng than light PAHs. A plot of Cfloor/Crim against PAH molecular weight gave a good positive relationship in the molecular weight range of 152–276. It is suggested that the floor soils can be focal points of more concentrated PAH and deserve attention. The concentrations of total PAHs in the floor soils (43.40–190 ng g⁻¹, mean 87.76 ng g⁻¹) were higher than those in the upper rim (23.40–88.94 ng g⁻¹, mean 57.74 ng g⁻¹). In addition, there was a shift in compound pattern with an increase in the proportion of light PAHs (2–3 rings), a decrease in heavy PAHs (5–6 rings) and a relatively stable content of 4-ring PAHs. A combination of particulate scavenging and cold condensation is proposed as the major mechanism for the compositional fractionation of PAHs in the soils from the upper rim and floor of tiankeng.     

川西北地区微细粒浸染型金矿成矿的区域地质、地球物理、地球化学特征

总结了川西北金三角地区的区域地质和矿床地质特征，研究了区域重力场和金矿发育的关系，详细论述了本区金矿发育的区域地球化学背景、区化异常特征及东北寨金矿的地球化学特征。从地球化学方面进行了成矿预测，指明本区尚有较好的找矿前景，应进一步加强工作。     

长江中游城市群铁路可达性及经济联系空间格局演变

采用可达性水平评价、经济联系分析、块模型等方法,研究了2009、2018年长江中游城市群的铁路可达性和经济联系空间格局,结果显示:从2009到2018年,长江中游城市群的铁路可达性改善明显,城市通达度提升,中心城市日常可达性范围扩大,尤其是1 h经济圈扩张明显,各城市的加权平均旅行时间显著降低,呈现"核心-边缘"格局,但差异增大;长江中游城市群形成以武汉、长沙、南昌为核心的放射状经济联系空间格局,且武汉、长沙的中心作用较南昌更明显,主要高铁沿线形成较高水平的经济联系带,剩余绝大多数城市间经济联系水平较低;长江中游城市群可划分为4个凝聚子群,其中环长株潭子群、武汉城市圈子群内部经济联系较强,4个子群内部联系显著高于相互联系,区域网络化格局尚未形成.     

多普勒雷达降水反演及其与改进的区域气候模式RIEMS的同化研究

本博士论文在前人构建的陆面水文过程模型TOPX和区域气候模式RIEMS的耦合模式的框架基础上,针对耦合模式中RIEMS对降水和蒸散发的模拟精度较低,RIEMS和TOPX模式之间尺度不匹配等几个核心问题进行了深入细致的研究:对天气雷达资料的定量估测降水方面的研究获得了对沂沭河流域最佳的Z-R关系,并通过雷达雨量计联合校正法得到较高精度的面降雨量;采用集合卡尔曼滤波同化算法对雷达反演的面雨量及区域气候模式RIEMS的降水输出进行了数据同化方案研究,获得了更好的降水模拟效果;在RIEMS和水文模型TOPX构成的耦合模型中加入同化方案,实现了流域降水的实例模拟研究,结果表明使用同化方案明显改善了水文模拟效果。     

基于相对定向和三角形约束的近景影像匹配

针对近景影像自动相对定向过程中初匹配点对中误匹配率较大的情况,将基于三角形约束方法引入近景影像匹配.首先利用Harris算子提取特征点集,经初匹配后运用基于RANSAC方法和P-H算法的相对定向构建核线几何得到内点集,删除误匹配点生成同名Delaunay三角网;在同名三角形的约束下通过缩小Harris特征点阈值得到新内...     

DIV+CSS技术在地调局网站页面设计中的应用

论文通过介绍DIV+CSS技术,指出了中国地质调查局网站页面设计采用该技术的重要意义。并提出了中国地质调查局网站页面设计的方法和布局的结构,并指出采用DIV+CSS技术时应重视的几个问题。     

点云数据直接贴图方法探讨

本文介绍了基于点云的Delaunay三角形格网的贴图原理和方法以及对点云直接贴图的原理和方法,并通过实验比较这两种贴图方法的效果,说明了直接对点云贴图的方法的可行性。     

山西邢汾高速(榆社-和顺康佳楼)定测工作的几点思考

RTK(Real Time Kinematic)即实时动态GPS测量技术,又称载波相位差分技术,是以WGS-84坐标为基础的、全球通用的一种动态测量技术.RTK-GPS的出现为测量作业带来了新曙光.本文通过工程实例介绍了RTK-GPS在公路工程放样中的应用,并结合Trimble Geomatics Office公路设计...     

土地资源整治中GPS应用的关键技术

首先介绍了静态GPS地籍控制测量方法,然后介绍了GPS RTK技术在数据采集方面的应用,最后结合具体的地籍测量应用实例,应用GPS技术,实现全天候、无需通视、实时获取控制点和采集点的3维坐标,无需再使用受光学观测条件影响的全站仪,为内业成图和整个测量工程项目提供快速、高效、可靠的技术保障。