一次降雪过程的中尺度模式(MM5)站点预报试验

本文利用中尺度数值预报模式(MM5)进行业务预报试验。对2002年12月6日前后一次降水过程进行应用分析，重点对阳泉市站点预报进行对比检验，得出该模式在站点有无降雪、降雪量级及降雪起报、结束时间等方面具有重要参考价值的结论，对于进一步开发降水预报精细产品有重要意义。     

影响卢氏县的气象灾害防御措施

影响卢氏山区的气象灾害有暴雨、暴雪、寒潮、大风、高温、干旱、雷电、冰雹、大雾、道路积冰等.其中暴雨、冰雹出现频率较高,且危害最大.为防御气象灾害,气象部门应提高灾害性天气预报准确率;政府及有关单位要及时把灾害性天气预报信息通过各种渠道,及时传播至千家万户;加强防灾减灾宣传,提高民众自救能力;建立和完善灾害性天气预警应急预案.     

CINRAD/SA雷达频综故障检修方法

频综是多普勒全相参天气雷达的核心部件,其组件工艺水平高且价格昂贵,它提供了整个雷达工作所需的基准信号,共有5路输出,它们分别是9.6MHz主时钟信号、COHO信号、RF DRIVE信号、STALO信号、RF TEST SIGNAL信号.由于不同地区雷达发射机工作频率不同,因此频综不能通用,在台站,备份频综组件不太现实.由于厂家没有提供频综图纸,使得故障判别难度加大.因此通过剖析频综内部结构,给出频综的内部原理简图.针对十多个CINRAD/SA雷达频综出现的故障,划分出三种故障类型,并提出具体维修方法,在此基础上,归纳出该型号雷达在使用过程中频综出现故障时,雷达操作、维护人员应掌握的故障排查方法及技巧,以提高台站的保障能力.     

舒适度测量仪探测系统开发

舒适度测量仪探测系统主要由采集器、传感器、支架、供水系统、通信模块、数据采集软件6个部分组成.除通信模块之外,其他5个部分都是全新设计.采集器是系统的核心,负责数据的采集、处理和传输;数据采集软件安装在中心服务器上,负责数据的采集、处理、显示和存储,并能远程监测和遥控探测现场的设备.此外,对舒适度的相关理论进行分析,给出适合广州地区的舒适度指数分级标准,并对舒适度测量仪探测数据进行分析.近一年的试运行表明,系统运行稳定、探测数据可靠、适合业务组网的要求.     

中国大陆岩石圈结构篱笆图及其说明——10条GGT地球物理资料

利用中国陆地 10条GGT地球物理资料编制中国岩石圈篱笆图 ,并加以说明。通过对地球物理特征和地质学分析 ,认为以大兴安岭—太行山—武陵山重力梯级带和青藏高原周边重力梯级带为界 ,可把中国陆地划分 3个岩石圈构造单元。中国陆壳既有三分结构也存在二分结构 ;对地壳中存在的低速带、高导带和天然地震带进行了划分。以大兴安岭—太行山—武陵山重力梯级带为界 ,两侧盆地具有不同的地球物理特征 ,这些特征与构造运动、均衡调整过程有关。莫霍面几乎遍布全国 ,它具有内部结构。下部地壳底部存在的地球物理异常与莫霍面有关 ,也可能与岩石圈地幔的变化有关。     

Adsorbed silica in stalagmite carbonate and its relationship to past rainfall

Despite considerable work on other trace elements, the incorporation of dissolved silicon from cave waters into speleothems has not been previously investigated. In this study, the controls on dissolved Si in cave waters and on adsorbed Si in resulting speleothems are therefore investigated. Bedrock (dolomite), soil water, dripping water, and cave carbonates were retrieved from Heshang Cave situated in the central Yangtze valley of China and were subjected to analysis of dissolved Si content (plus accompanying Ca and Fe analyses). Soil waters have Si/Ca of 45.5 mmol/mol, compared to only 3.2 mmol/mol in the dolomite bedrock, demonstrating that >80% of the dissolved Si must come from dissolution of silicate minerals in the soil. Drip waters have a dissolved Si concentration of ≈4.2 μg/mL, similar to that in the overlying soil water. Actively growing cave carbonates have a Si/Ca of 0.075 mmol/mol suggesting a partition coefficient for incorporation of dissolved silicon of 0.0014, in good agreement with previous laboratory studies. Extrapolating the results of these laboratory studies to the cave environment suggests that changes in Si/Ca in cave carbonates are likely to be primarily controlled by changes in drip-water Si/Ca. The drip-water Si/Ca will, in turn, be controlled by the rate of wind-blown silicate supply; by soil weathering rates; by rainfall dilution; and by precipitation of calcite. The general expectation is that these effects combine to produce high Si/Ca in speleothems during times of low rainfall. A δ¹⁸O record from a Heshang Cave stalagmite which grew between 20 and 11 thousand years ago allows these controls to be tested. Correlation of high Si/Ca with high δ¹⁸O demonstrates that regional rainfall exerts significant (but not complete) control on speleothem Si/Ca. With further understanding, speleothem Si/Ca may provide a proxy for past rainfall to complement existing proxies such as δ¹⁸O and Mg/Ca.     

Estimation of Block Sizes for Rock Masses with Non-persistent Joints

Summary  Discontinuities or joints in the rock mass have various shapes and sizes. Along with the joint orientation and spacing, the joint persistence, or the relative size of the joint, is one of the most important factors in determining the block sizes of jointed rock masses. Although the importance of joint persistence on the overall rock mass strength has long been identified, the impact of persistence on rock strength is in most current rock mass classification systems underrepresented. If joints are assumed to be persistent, as is the case in most designs, the sizes of the rock blocks tend to be underestimated. This can lead to more removable blocks than actually exist in-situ. In addition, a poor understanding of the rock bridge strength may lead to lower rock mass strengths, and consequently, to excessive expenditure on rock support. In this study, we suggest and verify a method for the determination of the block sizes considering joint persistence. The idea emerges from a quantitative approach to apply the GSI system for rock mass classification, in which the accurate block size is required. There is a need to statistically analyze how the distribution of rock bridges according to the combination of joint orientation, spacing, and persistence will affect the actual size of each individual block. For this purpose, we generate various combinations of joints with different geometric conditions by the orthogonal arrays using the distinct element analysis tools of UDEC and 3DEC. Equivalent block sizes (areas in 2D and volumes in 3D) and their distributions are obtained from the numerical simulation. Correlation analysis is then performed to relate the block sizes predicted by the empirical equation to those obtained from the numerical model simulation. The results support the concept of equivalent block size proposed by Cai et al. (2004, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41(1), 3–19).     

金红石中铁的存在形式的研究

本文对我国不同地区和不同成因类型矿床及人工合成的金红石的20个样品进行了矿物学研究。结果表明,大多数金红石样品中都含有钛铁矿的嵌晶,金红石和嵌晶钛铁矿晶粒中多含有含钛赤铁矿(Titano-hematite)的出溶相。金红石晶粒中的含钛赤铁矿于600℃消失;而钛铁矿中的含钛赤铁矿于800℃消失,且整个晶粉转变成亚铁假板钛矿(Ferro-pseudobrookite)。总结出金红石中铁的三种存在形式:类质同象置换钛的Fe~(3+)、固溶体出溶相含钛赤钛铁矿中的Fe~(3+)及钛铁矿中所含的Fe~(2+)。     

The Influence of Element Diffusion at the Sediment—Water Interface on the Basic Chemical Composition of Overlying Water Mass in Lake Lugu,China

Little work has been done on the influence of seiments on the basic chemical composition of overlying water mass.This paper deals with the vertical profile of the basic constituents such as Ca^ ,K^ ,Na^ ,and HCO3^-,as well as of pH in the overlying water mass and sediment porewater of Lake Lugu-a semi-closed,deep lake in Yunnan Province.The reand sediment porewater of Lake Lugu- a semi-closed,deep lake in Yunnan Province.The results revealed that those basic constituents may diffuse and transport from bottom sediments to overlying water mass through porewater.In the paper are also quantitatively evaluated the diffusive fluxes and the extent of their influence on overlying water mass,indicating that the lake sediment-water interface diffusion plays an important role in controlling the basic chemical composition of water in the whole lake.     

新疆塔里木盆地西—西南缘泥盆—石炭纪四射珊瑚

塔里木盆地西—西南缘石炭纪地层层序清楚,化石丰富,是新疆研究石炭系的良好地区之一。目前海相泥盆纪地层中有化石佐证的只有中泥盆世,而早泥盆世地层存在与否尚难定论。描述珊瑚计22属22种。中泥盆统3属3新种,石炭纪19属12新种。塔里木盆地西—西南缘的中泥盆统称克孜勒陶组,上泥盆统为奇自拉夫组,属陆相沉积。石炭系自下而上为下统库山河组、克里塔克组、和什拉甫组;中统卡拉乌依组、阿孜干组;上石炭统塔哈奇组、克孜里奇曼组。