短时强降水监测和预警技术及其在山区的应用

为提高短时强降水的监测和预警技术在山区等复杂地形中的应用,本文选取相关的探空资料分析天气背景,划分降水类型,与自动站订正技术相结合,采用Z-I分型最优化技术估测降水,利用交叉相关法对雷达反射率因子进行外推,并预测30min后的累积降水量。根据近3年的观测资料,制定出适合岳阳地区雷达反射率因子以及雷达估测降水对应的降水量级。通过与自动站雨量对比,Z-I分型最优化技术估测降水的相对误差较小;与Z-I经验公式估测降水对比分析,雷达估测降水的准确率有一定提高。经过岳阳示范区一年的实际应用表明:该方法对短时强降水的估测和预警均取得良好的效果,对强降水引起的山体滑坡等灾害具有一定的防范作用。     

四川天全、芦山、宝兴地区名山组地层特征

下第三系名山组广泛分布于天全-芦山复向斜内,地层出露良好。笔者(1989—1991年)在参加1:5万天全幅、灵关幅区域地质调查时,根据岩组图填图要求,又进一步展开了对名山组的研究。本文简要地介绍了新实测的地层剖面,以及重新将名山组划分为4个段和新建大溪砾岩等填图单元的情况;并阐述了将芦山组归并于名山组上部(4段)而取消该组名称的依据。综述了研究区的岩石组合特征、沉积构造,建立了地层层序。将名山组沉积环境解释为辫状河及湖泊环境。     

Reconstructed droughts for the southeastern Tibetan Plateau over the past 568 years and its linkages to the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean climate variability

We present a Palmer Drought Severity Index reconstruction (r = 0.61, P < 0.01) from 1440 to 2007 for the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, based on tree rings of the forest fir (Abies forrestii). Persistent decadal dry intervals were found in the 1440s–1460s, 1560s–1580s, 1700s, 1770s, 1810s, 1860s and 1980s, and the extreme wet epochs were the 1480s–1490s, 1510s–1520s, 1590s, 1610s–1630s, 1720s–1730s, 1800s, 1830s, 1870s, 1930s, 1950s and after the 1990s. Comparisons of our record with those identified in other moisture related reconstructions for nearby regions showed that our reconstructed droughts were relatively consistent with those found in other regions of Indochina, suggesting similar drought regimes. Spectral peaks of 2.3–5.5 years may be indicative of ENSO activity, as also suggested by negative correlations with SSTs in the eastern equatorial and southeastern Pacific Ocean. Significant multidecadal spectral peaks of 29.2–40.9 and 56.8–60.2 years were identified. As indicated by the spatial correlation patterns, the decadal-scale variability may be linked to SST variations in the northern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.     

Drought reconstruction in the Qilian Mountains over the last two centuries and its implications for large-scale moisture patterns

We present a composite tree-ring chronology from two sites of Qilian Juniper(Sabina przewalskii)in the northwestern Qilian Mountains(QM),Northwestern China.Precipitation in June was found to be the main limiting factor for tree-growth.The tree rings are also significantly and positively correlated with June precipitation over large areas of the northern Tibetan Plateau(TP).The authors thus consider that the tree- ring based drought reconstruction from 1803–2006 is representative of a large area drought hist...     

钻头模具一次成型新材料的研究

介绍钻头模具的新型材料－成型砂的特点，选择，配制，成型工艺，产品的制造及测试等。     

地质雷达在乌拉山山前断裂探测中的应用

地质雷达是利用电磁波对地下不同电性介质进行探测的地球物理仪器，其探测速率快、分辨率高，可弥补探槽和其他地球物理方法存在探测盲区的缺陷，正在越来越多地应用于活动断层探测领域。本文以乌拉山山前断裂为例开展地质雷达探测工作，使用无人机正射影像技术对测线进行地形校正，获得断层浅部地质雷达图像。研究结果表明，本文研究方法能有效反映探槽揭露的地层单元和断层分布。本次探测中，雷达波形图像特征为:浅地表的土壤层反射波总体较弱；粗粒沉积为主的砾石层反射波总体较强，同相轴连续性好；细粒沉积为主的砂层反射波弱于砾石层，波形以中、高频为主，同相轴具有弱连续性；对于洪冲积地区，地质雷达能分辨具有一定特征的地层单元，这为剖面图像的断层识别提供了标志；通过无人机正射影像技术对地质雷达测线进行地形校正，有利于获得更为准确的探测结果。     

岩溶水勘察中测井资料的综合应用

本文主要以山西晋城、离（石）柳（林）、阳曲等碳酸盐地层供水勘探中的实际资料为例，论述各种水文测井方法解释含水层的局限性和如何综合利用测井资料，正确确定含水层、隔水层位置及补给关系。实践表明，井温和井液电阻率测井，方法简便易行，能直接反映地下水的一些特征，必须测量；声幅曲线能直接反映裂隙层位，应尽可能施测。     

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组的双壳类动物群

本文通过四川盆地上三叠统须家河组中丰富的双壳类化石新资料的研究,划分出了两个双壳类化石组合带,并对其组合特征、地区分布和沉积环境进行了讨论,还描述５个新种,刊出了主要化石图版     

柴达木盆地中部深部构造和地震活动

用航磁资料研究了青海柴达木盆地中部的深部构造环境。结果表明：该地区存在由东西向、北西向和北东向各两条断裂组成的构造系统；地震主要分布在由两条东西向断裂和两条北东向断裂交截形成的顺扭平形四边形的角区；构造应力场主压应力方向大致为近南北方向，在其作用下，北东向和东西向断裂都是该地区主要的发震构造。     

汶川及彭州、都江堰市地区旅游资源开发前景初探

什邡县、彭州市、都江堰市、汶川县等地，分布着诸多的旅游景点，形成了一个特殊的集山景、水景、生景、气景和文景的旅游片区。根据景点的开发情况和地质地貌景象特征，可以划分为已开发旅游景区、待开发旅游景区、地学景观资源区三大类。本文对待开发旅游景区、地学景观资源进行了初步探讨。