黄河三角洲埕岛海域底质特征与泥沙净输运研究

本文通过对黄河三角洲埕岛海域146个表层样的粒度分析,表明该区有5种沉积物类型,以砂质粉砂为主体,呈斑块状分布,极细砂与粗粉砂是沉积物的主要粒级,普遍分选差。运用"粒径趋势"分析的方法,分析探讨了埕岛海域表层沉积物净输运趋势。研究区的沉积物的净输运趋势大致以12 m水深为界,深水区沉积物的净输运趋势向岸,12 m以浅海域的沉积物具有离岸的净输运趋势,说明深水区沉积物受冬季风浪作用向岸运移作用显著,12 m以浅海域的沉积物受夏季风浪作用离岸运移作用显著,沉积物运移的季节变化已成为研究区海域沉积物净运移的主要控制因素。     

贵州省2020年5月极端性高温事件研究

2020年5月贵州省出现极端高温天气事件,本文利用贵州省84个气象观测站日平均气温和最高气温资料、美国气象环境预报中心的逐日再分析高度场资料以及美国海洋大气管理局的日平均海表面温度（SST）资料,利用超前滞后相关等方法对贵州省2020年5月“极端性高温事件”进行研究。得出如下结论：（1）2020年5月贵州省约有29%的站点极端日最高气温超过了1981年以来的历史极值,约58%的站点突破1981年以来5月同期历史极值,西太平洋副热带高压显示为异常西扩加强的态势,同时伴随南亚高压东伸增强,两个高压在不同高度上的配合导致深厚高压的异常出现,是此次贵州极端性高温事件发生的重要因素。（2） 2020年5月在欧亚大陆中高纬对流层上层有明显的Rossby波列结构,有利于贵州极端性高温事件出现。（3）热带西大西洋SST在月尺度内异常阶段性增暖,可作为贵州省极端性高温天气发生的重要前期信号,并且增暖过程比高温事件提前约14天,具有一定的前期指示意义。     

Recalibration and Clarification of the Formula Applied to the ISRM-Suggested CCNBD Specimens for Testing Rock Fracture Toughness

The cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disc (CCNBD) was proposed by the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) to test the mode I (opening mode) fracture toughness of rock. The test method has been vigorously discussed and debated, despite being the subject of intensive research for decades. The minimum (critical) dimensionless stress intensity factors affiliated with the formula for calculating the fracture toughness using CCNBD specimens with different geometric parameters remain elusive and complex. The matter cannot be resolved by simply replacing the diameter in the original formula with the radius, as claimed by several authors. In this paper, the formula is fundamentally improved, as wide-ranging minimum dimensionless stress intensity factors pertaining to diversified CCNBD geometries are recalibrated by three-dimensional finite element analysis, and an expression with tabulated coefficients is obtained through curve-fitting the data obtained from the numerical calibration. The present results are shown to be more accurate than those in the literature. Furthermore, the importance of the reasonability of the results is highlighted; a comprehensive comparison of different values shows that the upper bounds of minimum stress intensity factors are violated by the above claim. The confusion resulting from the claim is, thus, clarified conclusively.     

Asymmetric variability between maximum and minimum temperatures in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from tree rings

Ecological systems in the headwaters of the Yellow River, characterized by hash natural environmental conditions, are very vulnerable to climatic change. In the most recent decades, this area greatly attracted the public's attention for its more and more deteriorating environmental conditions. Based on tree-ring samples from the Xiqing Mountain and A'nyêmagên Mountains at the headwaters of the Yellow River in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we reconstructed the minimum temperatures in the winter half year over the last 425 years and the maximum temperatures in the summer half year over the past 700 years in this region. The variation of minimum temperature in the winter half year during the time span of 1578―1940 was a relatively stable trend, which was followed by an abrupt warming trend since 1941. However, there is no significant warming trend for the maximum temperature in the summer half year over the 20th century. The asymmetric variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures were observed in this study over the past 425 years. During the past 425 years, there are similar variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures; however, the minimum temperatures vary about 25 years earlier compared to the maximum temperatures. If such a trend of variation patterns between the minimum and maximum temperatures over the past 425 years continues in the future 30 years, the maximum temperature in this region will increase significantly.     

西北气候环境转型信号在新疆河川径流变化中的反映

对新疆不同区域、不同补给类型的26条河流年平均径流量变化趋势分析研究,结果显示:大多数河流年径流量从1987年起出现增加趋势,天山山区增加尤其明显,其它地区有不同程度的增加,昆仑山北坡略微有减少.从径流变化来分析,天山山区的气候变化已出现由暖干向暖湿转型的信号,其它地区也正处在转型过程中.     

四川汶川,都江堰,崇州,大邑等毗邻地区的旅游资源与开发前景

汶川县、都江堰市、崇州市、大邑县等毗邻地区,分布着诸多的旅游景点,根据景点的开发情况和地质地貌 景象特征,可以划分为已开发旅游景区和特开发旅游景区两大类,分别阐述了各景点、景区的特征及其形成的地质背景,并对旅游片区的旅游资源的开发与保护提出了建议。     

珲春小西南岔白垩纪花岗岩的地球化学及岩浆源区特征

珲春小西南岔地区白垩纪花岗岩主要有英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩两种类型。英云闪长岩属于中钾钙碱性系列(Na₂O/K₂O=1.99~2.76),具有高Al₂O₃(15.46%~17.13%)、Sr(559×10^-6~731×10^-6)、Sr/Y(40~78)、La/Yb(16~21),低Y(9×10^-6~14×10^-6)、Yb(0.8×10^-6~1.3×10^-6)的特征,与埃达克质岩石地球化学特征类似。花岗闪长岩为高钾钙碱性系列,Na₂O/K₂O=1.01~1.56,w(Sr)=312×10^-6~410×10^-6、w(Yb)=1.23×10^-6~2.13×10^-6、Sr/Y=13~32,属正常的高钾钙碱性花岗岩。两类花岗岩的源区均为玄武质下地壳物质,英云闪长质岩浆形成压力较高(> 1.0 GPa),深度大于33 km,花岗闪长质岩浆形成压力相对较低(0.8~1.0 GPa),岩浆来源深度为26~33 km。     

青海南部高原近450年来春季最高气温序列及其时变特征

根据采自青海南部高原曲麻莱、治多地区的圆柏树轮样芯建立的树木年轮年表,重建了近450年来高原春季（4～6月）的最高气温序列。采用多窗谱分析、小波分析和Yamamoto突变检测分析等方法综合研究了重建的高原春季最高气温序列的准周期性及多尺度突变特征。结果显示,青海南部高原地区春季最高气温的变化存在较明显的31～54年低频和2～4年高频准周期波动特征。在30～54年时间尺度上,青海南部高原春季最高气温变化经历了1622～1639年、1798～1816年、1896～1913年和1933～1951年的偏冷期以及1684～1703年、1779～1797年、1817～1835年和1914～1932年的偏暖期。分析还发现,青南高原地区春季最高气温在冷暖期的转换过程中存在着较明显突变现象,在30～40年时间尺度上,T_m序列在1610年、1668年、1816年、1915年和1934年前后的突变是明显的。交叉相关分析显示,在滞后7.5年左右,青海南部高原春季最高气温波动与太阳黑子周期长度的变化呈显著负相关。     

三山岛金矿控矿断层F1的力学性质及补强措施

作者以正在开采中的三山岛金矿采场为研究对象，分析矿区开采过程中的岩体结构特征及重力方向矿柱、护顶矿柱与控矿断层F1断层泥及其上覆岩体之间的关系和力学机制。通过试验研究了断层泥的物质成分和力学性质，总结了力学特性与断层泥厚度及含水量之间的关系。在此基础上提出锚固大于中倾角的结构面，提高结构面的抗滑阻力；增加含有高、陡倾角结构面矿柱的刚度等对矿柱的补强措施。对护顶矿柱提出预先锚固；分阶段开采的补强方法。在裂隙密集带设置排水设施，改善断层泥的赋存条件，提高它的力学性能。     

Pacific decadal oscillation impact on East China precipitation and its imprint in new geological documents

This paper briefly introduces the history of the study of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and explores the relationship between the PDO and sediment grain size from two typical sediment cores from the lower Changjiang (Yangtze River) and Huanghe (Yellow River) estuaries. It is found that the median grain sizes of both cores exhibit relatively high correlation with the PDO. This is because the PDO causes interdecadal variability of precipitation in the East Asia Monsoon region, thus changing the hydrodynamics in both the Changjiang and Huanghe catchments, eventually resulting in variation of sediment grain size. Our analysis also revealed that during different phases of the PDO, the sediment grain size of the Changjiang and Huanghe estuaries showed different variations in cold and warm PDO phases. This is related to movement of the precipitation center driven by the shift in different PDO phases. Moreover, we compared more high resolution geological proxies with the PDO, including stalagmites and tree rings, in East China over the past century. The results indicate that variations of studied geological proxies are generally well correlated with the PDO but have some differences. Finally, longer variations of sediment grain sizes in the Changjiang and Huanghe estuaries are compared with a reconstructed PDO over the last 200 years; sediment grain sizes were still correlated with the PDO, implying that sediment grain size may be used as a new proxy for studying the long-term behavior of the PDO. This result supports previous knowledge of the PDO impact on East China climate evolution and offers a new proxy for further PDO study. Our study will improve paleoenvironment reconstruction in East China on a decadal time scale and benefit future climatic predictions.