Urban land-use effects on groundwater phosphate distribution in a shallow aquifer, Nanfei River basin, China

Groundwater, surface water, soil and river sediment samples, and information on land use in the Nanfei River basin (NRB) of China have been analyzed to study the geochemistry, distribution, and mobilization of phosphorus. The distribution of phosphate (PO ₄ ^3??/sup> ) and the relationships between PO ₄ ^3??/sup> and several constituents in groundwater were studied. Partial correlation analysis relating PO ₄ ^3??/sup> to types of land use was conducted using the data analyzing tool SPSS 15.0. The processes controlling the transport of PO ₄ ^3??/sup> are discussed. The conclusions from this study are: (1) urban land use has obvious impact on PO ₄ ^3??/sup> in groundwater, the average concentration of PO ₄ ^3??/sup> being 4.37?mg/L, greater than that resulting from farmland and mixed land use, which have average PO ₄ ^3??/sup> concentrations of 0.10 and 0.18?mg/L, respectively; (2) the partial correlation between PO ₄ ^3??/sup> and types of land use is significant with a coefficient of 0.760; (3) the PO ₄ ^3??/sup> concentrations in surface water are generally higher than those in groundwater, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in river sediments are generally higher than those in soil samples; (4) groundwater is a carrier of PO ₄ ^3??/sup> and is likely responsible for the redistribution of PO ₄ ^3??/sup> in different regions of NRB.     

基于BP神经网络的复合污染体系中沉积物吸附阿特拉津的规律

建立了Cu2+和阿特拉津(AT)复合污染体系中沉积物各活性组分及其交互作用对AT吸附量影响的BP神经网络模型,模型预测值和实验值的相关系数达到0.97,各集合的平均偏差均小于10%。模型显示,AT在沉积物上的主要吸附位是铁氧化物。沉积物吸附AT时铁氧化物、锰氧化物、有机质之间存在显著的交互作用,铁氧化物、锰氧化物交互作用贡献率为-130%～80%,铁氧化物、有机质交互作用贡献率为5%～28%,锰氧化物、有机质交互作用贡献率为-200%～-70%。各活性组分吸附AT的能力及其交互作用受Cu2+的影响较大,其中:Cu2+对AT在铁氧化物上的吸附表现为拮抗作用,对AT在锰氧化物上的吸附表现为协同作用,而对AT在有机质上的吸附影响不显著,同时Cu2+减弱了铁氧化物-锰氧化物和锰氧化物-有机质的交互作用影响,增强了铁氧化物-有机质的交互作用影响。     

芦苇、菖蒲和水葱对水体中Zn2+的富集效应研究

采用水培方法,在不同ZnCl2浓度(0mg/L、50mg/L、100mg/L、300mg/L、800mg/L、1500mg/L和2500mg/L)处理的水体中,对湿地植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)和水葱(Scirpus tabernaemontani)进行培养,研究植物的不同部位对Zn2+的积累能力。结果表明,在相同ZnCl2浓度处理下的水体中,水葱、菖蒲和芦苇体内的平均Zn2+积累浓度存在差异,菖蒲体内的Zn2+积累浓度最高。在不同ZnCl2浓度处理下的水体中,水葱体内的平均Zn2+积累浓度在ZnCl2浓度为1500mg/L时最高,为31050.84mg/kg(植物地上部分为10206.67mg/kg,地下部分为20844.17mg/kg);菖蒲和芦苇体内的平均Zn2+积累浓度则在ZnCl2浓度为2500mg/L时最高,分别为54130.67mg/kg(地上部分为16774.00mg/kg,地下部分为37356.67mg/kg)和25423.34mg/kg(地上部分为4506.67mg/kg,地下部分为20916.67mg/kg)。这3种植物都可以作为利用植物修复重金属污染水体的遴选物种。其中,菖蒲对Zn2+的吸收能力明显高于水葱和芦苇。     

Taxonomic and genetic status of lancelet in Weihai coastal waters based on mitochondrial DNA sequence

Lancelets (subphylum Cephalochordata) are a transitional species between invertebrates and vertebrates. They are currently listed in the Second Order of Protected Animals in China. Lancelets were first documented in the waters around the city of Weihai (Shandong, China) in 2002. However, little is known about the phylogeny of this population. We analyzed the sequences of cytochrome b (Cyt b) and cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (CO I) genes from samples collected from coastal waters in the cities of Weihai and Qingdao (~150 km to the south). We analyzed 176 sequences, of which 150 were novel sequences and 26 were obtained from GenBank. Our results suggest that (1) lancelets in the two cities belong to the species Branchiostoma japonicus and have a high level of genetic diversity; (2) there is a high level of gene flow and low level of genetic differentiation between lancelets from the two cities; (3) demographic expansion occurred an estimated 1.1 million years (Ma) ago (mid Pleistocene) for lancelets in Weihai-Qingdao; and (4) the divergence between B. belcheri and B. japonicus was estimated at between 37.75 Ma (early Oligocene)-46.5 Ma (late Eocene).     

基于BCM模型的乡村旅游企业服务质量测评——湖州顾渚村的实证调查

乡村旅游企业服务质量对游客重游和推荐意愿等产生重要影响。本论文以BCM模型为基础,提出3维度的初始测评模型。论文对顾渚村150家乡村旅游企业457名游客进行问卷调查,有效问卷415份,通过因子分析对初始模型进行相应修正,形成乡村旅游企业服务质量测评模型,由技术、功能、环境和硬件质量四维度及其下的18个题项组成。论文运用该测评模型,以模糊综合评判方法进行评价,计算出各维度结果分别为3.92、3.69、3.78、3.6,总服务质量结果3.78。计算表明,游客对其服务质量总体是满意的;对于技术、环境和功能质量比较认同;对硬件质量认同度一般。论文认为乡村旅游企业应从合理定价、服务准时、告知注意事项、合作关系、外包等方面提升服务质量;管理部门应设立相关机构,从规范、建立劳务市场、协调关系等方面规范和指导企业发展;游客可以通过四维度了解服务水平,从选择产品、安排行程和出行方式等方面提高旅游体验。     

榕江双偏振雷达与三穗雷达在黔东南一次大暴雨过程中的应用对比分析

为进一步提升黔东南三穗CINRAD-CD雷达及榕江双偏振雷达产品在山区强降雨过程中的应用能力,提升短临预报预警服务水平,对2部雷达在2022年7月18日大暴雨过程中观测和定量降水估测的差异进行对比分析。结果表明：榕江雷达总体探测能力强于三穗雷达,在黔东南州西部地区,由于雷公山地形阻挡作用,榕江雷达对低层探测能力减弱,在黔东南州中部及以东地区榕江雷达探测能力明显强于三穗雷达;2部雷达探测得到的组合反射率因子峰值与地面分钟降雨量峰值对应关系较好,当降雨减弱时,三穗雷达衰减更明显;三穗单偏振雷达对降水的起止时段及累积降水量的估测能力明显不足,而榕江双偏振雷达QPE产品对降水起止时间及降雨定量估测结果基本接近实况,在业务应用中具有较高的参考价值。     

Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

The geochemical characteristics of melt inclusions and their host olivines provide important information on the processes that create magmas and the nature of their mantle and crustal source regions. We report chemical compositions of melt inclusions, their host olivines and bulk rocks of Xindian basalts in Chifeng area, North China Craton. Compositions of both bulk rocks and melt inclusions are tholeiitic. Based on petrographic observations and compositional variation of melt inclusions, the crystallizing sequence of Xindian basalts is as follows: olivine (at MgO > ~5.5 wt%), plagioclase (beginning at MgO = ~5.5 wt%), clinopyroxene and ilmenite (at MgO < 5.0 wt%). High Ni contents and Fe/Mn ratios, and low Ca and Mn contents in olivine phenocrysts, combining with low CaO contents of relatively high MgO melt inclusions (MgO > 6 wt%), indicate that Xindian basalts are possibly derived from a pyroxenite source rather than a peridotite source. In the CS-MS-A diagram, all the high MgO melt inclusions (MgO > 6.0 wt%) project in the field between garnet + clinopyroxene + liquid and garnet + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + liquid near 3.0 GPa, further suggesting that residual minerals are mainly garnet and clinopyroxene, with possible presence of orthopyroxene, but without olivine. Modeling calculations using MELTS show that the water content of Xindian basalts is 0.3–0.7 wt% at MgO = 8.13 wt%. Using 20–25 % of partial melting estimated by moderately incompatible element ratios, the water content in the source of Xindian basalts is inferred to be ≥450 ppm, much higher than 6–85 ppm in dry lithospheric mantle. The melting depth is inferred to be ~3.0 GPa, much deeper than that of tholeiitic lavas (<2.0 GPa), assuming a peridotite source with a normal mantle potential temperature. Such melting depth is virtually equal to the thickness of lithosphere beneath Chifeng area (~100 km), suggesting that Xindian basalts are derived from the asthenospheric mantle, if the lithospheric lid effect model is assumed.     

西藏当雄错盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发实验研究

西藏当雄错盐湖位于藏北高原腹地西南侧,其水化学类型属典型的中度碳酸盐型,具有很好的工业开发前景和价值.自然蒸发是盐田日晒工艺的应用基础工作,本文基于室内卤水等温蒸发实验的相关结果,在当雄错湖区现场开展了盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发实验,通过考察碳酸盐型盐湖卤水在现场低温条件下自然蒸发过程中液相各元素的富集规律以及矿物的结晶析盐规律,分析了锂、硼、钾等元素的集散行为,并根据卤水蒸发过程中的元素富集、蒸失水量、盐类析出顺序、矿物组合以及物化性质的变化探索了盐类分离的控制条件.以Na+,K+/CO2-3,SO2-4,Cl--H2O五元体系(25℃)介稳相图为参考依据,绘制了当雄错盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发的结晶析盐路线.实验结果表明,当雄错盐湖卤水在冬季日晒蒸发过程中依次析出石盐、泡碱、天然碱、硼砂、钾石盐和扎布耶石,另有少量芒硝和泡碱等低温产物会提前析出或被母液夹带析出,利用冬季低温蒸发可制取富锂卤水,蒸发后期的母卤还可用于提取硼砂和钾石盐等矿物资源.实验结果为下一步开展盐田工程设计及制卤工艺操作提供了必要的基础数据,同时也为碳酸盐型盐湖卤水的综合利用和开发提供了理论支持.     

构造变形对煤储层孔隙结构与比表面积的影响研究

煤的孔隙结构和比表面积不仅影响煤层气吸附与储集能力,而且对气体渗流和扩散有重要的控制作用。通过对芦岭煤矿8,9煤层煤样低温液氮实验,对比分析了原生结构煤和不同变形强度构造煤的孔隙结构与比表面积的变化。结果表明,构造煤的比表面积和总孔体积平均值是原生结构煤的2.95倍和3.84倍。随着煤体韧性变形强度增加,构造煤的比表面积逐渐增大,微孔占比增加,小孔和中孔占比较少,总孔体积变化以糜棱煤为界呈现先增加后减小的特点。     

大别-苏鲁高压、超高压变质带榴辉岩和脉体中磷灰石氯含量和流体盐度关系的研究

流体的盐度对含羟基变质矿物组合的稳定温压条件和岩石-流体的相互作用有重要影响.流体的盐度可从矿物中氯含量的角度加以研究.磷灰石是一个含氯矿物,作为副矿物广泛分布在各种岩石中,且能在较宽的温压范围内稳定存在.本文选择大别-苏鲁造山带中典型的高压、超高压岩石开展了磷灰石成分的研究,结合前人流体包裹体的研究结果,探讨了榴辉岩相条件下流体盐度和磷灰石中的氯含量之间的关系.榴辉岩和脉体中磷灰石的XClAp/XOHAp比值与已有的流体包裹体盐度呈很好的线性正相关.榴辉岩和脉体中磷灰石的XClAp/XoHAp比值范围为0.00～0.35时,对应的流体包裹体盐度约为0～40％ NaCleqv.