上海及邻近地区介质参数的研究

在频率域里研究了上海及邻近地区的Q值、小震震源参数,初步得到如下结果:①以上海佘山为中心,平均直达P波Q值呈方向性分布。在相同震中距下,上海西面溧阳方向(?)值较高,上海北部南黄海方向(?)值较低;溧阳和南黄海地震活跃区域的(?)值比其邻近地震相对不活跃区域的偏高,②相同震级的地震相比之下,上海—溧阳方向的地震破裂尺度小,上海—南黄海方向的地震破裂尺度大;并且震级在2.5—4.0级之间的地震,破裂尺度的数值溧阳的比较集中,南黄海的则比较离散。     

大西洋海温异常对东亚夏季大气环流影响的数值试验

近年来人们对东亚夏季大气环流年际异常及其机制已经进行了不少研究,一般认为外强迫作用尤其是热带太平洋海温异常是大气异常产生的重要原因之一,相对而言,大西洋海温异常作用及其对东亚夏季大气环流和季风环流的影响没有得到足够的重视,Rowntree(1976)和Gamb等(1987)先后研究了大西洋海温异常对冬季北半球大气的影响,表明通过激发欧亚型(EU)波列完全可以引起冬季亚洲大气环流异常。本文目的主要是研究大西洋海温增暖对夏季东亚大气环流特别是季风环流的影响及其可能的机制。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEATING ANOMALY EFFECTS OF TIBETAN PLATEAU ON CIRCULATION IN SUMMER

A 5-layer numerical model with p-σ incorporated coordinate system and primitive equations is used to simulatethe effects of heating anomaly at and over the Tibetan(Qinghai-Xizang)Plateau on the circulations in East Asia in sum-mer,The model is described briefly in the text and the results are analysed in somewhat detail.Results show that the sur-face albedo,the drag coefficient,the evaporation rate and the ground temperature all have large influences on the circula-tion near the Plateau and in East Asia.When the heating at the surface increases,the Tibetan high in the uppertroposphere intensifies,too.Its area enlarges and its axis tilts to northwest.The upper tropical easterly increase andshifts to north.The southwesterly in the lower troposphere,in consistence,also increases.The cross-equatorial low-lev-el currents along Somali and South India are influenced to increase their speeds while those over North Australia de-crease.The land low over the Asian Continent deepens.Meanwhile the upward motions over the land of east China andover the Indo-China Peninsula intensify and therefore the precipitation over those areas increases.However,along thecoastal area of China the upward motions and therefore the precipitation decrease.Atmospheric heat source anomaly has large influence on the circulation,too.Simulated results indicate that heatsource anomaly in the lower atmosphere over the Plateau influences the intensity and the position of the monsoon circu-lation while that in the upper atmosphere only affects the intensity.The heating status over the Plateau has slight influ-ence on the westerly jet,north of the Plateau,while it has strong effect on the subtropical jet at the mid and low latitudes.     

THE CHARACTERS OF ENERGY BUDGET ON THE GOBI AND DESERT SURFACE IN HEXI REGION

In the paper,the characters of surface energy budget on Huayin(Gobi)and the desert surface during the periodfrom 26 June to 31 August 1990 in the HEIFE have been analyzed,then have been compared with the observed resultsduring 4—19 September 1988 in the Pilot Observation Period of the HEIFE.The results show that the atmosphere is insuperadiabatic unstable state and there is a phenomenon of inverse humidity to form negative water vapour flux.Thesensible heat flux on the surface energy budget is in majority,but the latent heat flux may be neglected over the Gobi anddesert surface in the cloudless daytime in the summer.     

一个世界最早光象分类体系的探讨——复原先秦“十煇”的研究

《周礼》十煇为世界最早的光象分类体系。其含义历来众说纷纭。有探讨、重建并评价的必要。本文比照历史上有影响的五家十煇定义,分析其含糊矛盾之处,提出复原十煇原义的三条原则,从而重建了十煇原义表,介绍了古代观测十煇的方法。最后对《周礼》十煇这个光象分类体系进行了评价。