绥化台地电阻率异常与龙镇震群

分析研究绥化地电台近十年地电观测资料,认为1986年发生在德都龙镇的中强震群,绥化台地电阻率存在趋势异常,并明显呈现短临异常前兆特征。同时,指出绥化台地电阻率趋势异常的继续存在及其周围250km范围内仍有发生中强地震的可能。     

利用航磁资料判定东北南部地区几条主干断裂

近年来,利用最大熵功率谱法计算磁性体深度受到了地球物理界的重视。本文利用该方法求取东北地学断面磁性层顶、底界面深度,并结合航磁ΔTa异常图及相应滤波图,判定了该断面几条主干断裂的位置与展布,其结果有的与地质推断基本一致,有的则有较大差异。     

安宁河断裂带北段的最新地面活断层与地震潜在能力研究

从最新地面活断层的不连续性,断层滑动速率以及古地震研究的角度讨论安宁河断裂带北段的地震潜在能力,认为不连续的活断层可能成为各自独立的地震破裂单元,从而决定了地震的潜在能力,其中,野鸡洞破裂段的潜在地震能力最强,可达7级。上次地震至今的平静时间已接近古地震的平均重现间隔,因而具有高度的地震危险性     

由环境应力值寻找地震危险区的尝试

作者根据位错理论,采用二维矩形破裂模式,在导出了平均震源速度谱的基础上,导出了用地震波计算环境剪应力τ_0的公式。计算了1987—1991年中国和邻区大约1000多次4级以上中强地震的环境剪应力值τ_0,并把τ_0≥10MPa的地震看作是高剪应力值地震。自1987—1991年5年内,我国及邻区共发生M_s≥6.0的强震45次,和160余次高剪应力中强地震(M=4.0-5.0,τ_0≥10MPa),大约有1/4的强震和1/3的高应力值地震发生在台湾地区。说明台湾地区是一个高地震活动区和高应力值地区。新疆的喀什—乌恰—乌什地区也是高地震活动区和高应力值地区。我们对发生在其地区的强震,向前追溯了环境应力值τ_0的变化。发现有11个强震事件(约占全部事件80%)在震前1—5年内,在以强震为圆心,半径为200km范围内(个别略远),均有1—2个或多个高应力值地震出现。说明当高应力值地震发生时,该地区环境应力在增高,它可以作为将要发生强震的前兆。据此,推测了今后3年内大陆强震发生的可能地区是:①中印缅三国边境地区;②西藏波密地区;③青海北部到宁夏北部地区;④新疆伊宁地区;⑤纵贯新青藏90°E±2°线地带;⑥晋北忻州地区;⑦苏北及黄海地区;⑧山东长岛地区。     

上海及邻近地区介质参数的研究

在频率域里研究了上海及邻近地区的Q值、小震震源参数,初步得到如下结果:①以上海佘山为中心,平均直达P波Q值呈方向性分布。在相同震中距下,上海西面溧阳方向(?)值较高,上海北部南黄海方向(?)值较低;溧阳和南黄海地震活跃区域的(?)值比其邻近地震相对不活跃区域的偏高,②相同震级的地震相比之下,上海—溧阳方向的地震破裂尺度小,上海—南黄海方向的地震破裂尺度大;并且震级在2.5—4.0级之间的地震,破裂尺度的数值溧阳的比较集中,南黄海的则比较离散。     

大西洋海温异常对东亚夏季大气环流影响的数值试验

近年来人们对东亚夏季大气环流年际异常及其机制已经进行了不少研究,一般认为外强迫作用尤其是热带太平洋海温异常是大气异常产生的重要原因之一,相对而言,大西洋海温异常作用及其对东亚夏季大气环流和季风环流的影响没有得到足够的重视,Rowntree(1976)和Gamb等(1987)先后研究了大西洋海温异常对冬季北半球大气的影响,表明通过激发欧亚型(EU)波列完全可以引起冬季亚洲大气环流异常。本文目的主要是研究大西洋海温增暖对夏季东亚大气环流特别是季风环流的影响及其可能的机制。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEATING ANOMALY EFFECTS OF TIBETAN PLATEAU ON CIRCULATION IN SUMMER

A 5-layer numerical model with p-σ incorporated coordinate system and primitive equations is used to simulatethe effects of heating anomaly at and over the Tibetan(Qinghai-Xizang)Plateau on the circulations in East Asia in sum-mer,The model is described briefly in the text and the results are analysed in somewhat detail.Results show that the sur-face albedo,the drag coefficient,the evaporation rate and the ground temperature all have large influences on the circula-tion near the Plateau and in East Asia.When the heating at the surface increases,the Tibetan high in the uppertroposphere intensifies,too.Its area enlarges and its axis tilts to northwest.The upper tropical easterly increase andshifts to north.The southwesterly in the lower troposphere,in consistence,also increases.The cross-equatorial low-lev-el currents along Somali and South India are influenced to increase their speeds while those over North Australia de-crease.The land low over the Asian Continent deepens.Meanwhile the upward motions over the land of east China andover the Indo-China Peninsula intensify and therefore the precipitation over those areas increases.However,along thecoastal area of China the upward motions and therefore the precipitation decrease.Atmospheric heat source anomaly has large influence on the circulation,too.Simulated results indicate that heatsource anomaly in the lower atmosphere over the Plateau influences the intensity and the position of the monsoon circu-lation while that in the upper atmosphere only affects the intensity.The heating status over the Plateau has slight influ-ence on the westerly jet,north of the Plateau,while it has strong effect on the subtropical jet at the mid and low latitudes.     

THE CHARACTERS OF ENERGY BUDGET ON THE GOBI AND DESERT SURFACE IN HEXI REGION

In the paper,the characters of surface energy budget on Huayin(Gobi)and the desert surface during the periodfrom 26 June to 31 August 1990 in the HEIFE have been analyzed,then have been compared with the observed resultsduring 4—19 September 1988 in the Pilot Observation Period of the HEIFE.The results show that the atmosphere is insuperadiabatic unstable state and there is a phenomenon of inverse humidity to form negative water vapour flux.Thesensible heat flux on the surface energy budget is in majority,but the latent heat flux may be neglected over the Gobi anddesert surface in the cloudless daytime in the summer.