图形化的地学耦合建模环境与原型系统设计

耦合建模是近年来地学研究使用的重要方法.建模框架是应用较多的一类地学耦合建模环境.由于要求研究者完成耦合模型的程序编码,在一定程度上降低了它的可用性,同时也带给使用者更多的负担.本文以建模框架ESMF作为基础,对构建完全图形化的地学耦合建模环境中的问题和解决方法进行探讨.主要包括:根据确定的耦合模式及其隐含的模型调用和...     

黄河源区高寒草地-大气间水热交换通量特征

利用黄河源区玛曲观测站2016年涡动相关系统和微气象梯度塔观测资料,分析了高寒草地 大气间水热交换通量的特征。结果表明：夜间地表各通量值很小,净辐射和感热通量为负值,潜热通量的值较小但始终为正。日出后随着太阳辐射和地表加热作用各通量迅速增大,在14时左右达到峰值。暖季（6—8月）夜间感热通量占净辐射的比例(H/Rn)高于感潜通量占净辐射的比例(LE/Rn),日出后LE/Rn开始升高而H/Rn减小,日间LE/Rn大于H/Rn。冷季（12月—次年2月）H/Rn始终大于LE/Rn,感热通量在冷季的能量分配中占据主导地位。暖季LE/Rn、H/Rn均随土壤温度升高而升高。冷季H/Rn与5 cm深度土壤温度表现出了更为明显的二次关系,随着温度升高先降低后升高,当温度小于-7 ℃时H/Rn降低,大于-6 ℃时H/Rn增大。暖季H/Rn随着土壤湿度增大先降低后升高,LE/Rn先升高后降低。在0—1.5 kPa,暖季饱和水汽压差与LE/Rn、H/Rn均呈线性关系,并随着饱和水汽压差增大,LE/Rn增大而H/Rn减小;1.5 kPa之后,LE/Rn、H/Rn变化特征均保持其原有趋势。     

气候变化对江西省主要室外空气计算参数的影响

利用江西83个地面气象站1963—2022年逐日平均气温和14时气温数据,计算每10 a滑动平均采暖室外计算温度、夏季空气调节室外计算日平均温度、冬季通风室外计算温度和夏季通风室外计算温度,分析江西省气候变化及其对室外空气计算参数的影响。结果表明：江西省年平均气温呈明显上升趋势,其中赣北地区上升幅度大于赣南、赣中南部,冬季平均气温增加趋势（0.31℃/（10 a））大于夏季（0.14 ℃/（10 a））,冬季平均气温在1997年发生显著突变,之后冬季平均气温较多年平均值高0.6℃。气候变化背景下,室外空气计算参数变化明显,采暖室外计算温度、夏季空气调节计算温度和冬季通风室外计算温度呈升高趋势,夏季通风室外计算温度的变化趋势不明显。其中,冬季室外计算温度的上升幅度高于夏季,赣北地区的东部和中南部升高趋势较大。采暖室外计算温度升高,建筑的传热负荷设计值减小;夏季空气调节室外计算温度的升高使新风负荷增加,增加室内空气冷却能耗;冬季通风室外计算温度的升高有利于减小冬季通风负荷。     

Re–Os isotopic ages of pyrite and chemical composition of magnetite from the Cihai magmatic–hydrothermal Fe deposit, NW China

The Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and the Beishan terrane of the Tarim Block, NW China, host numerous Fe deposits. The Cihai Fe deposit (>90 Mt at 45.6 % Fe) in the Beishan terrane is diabase-hosted and consists of the Cihai, Cinan, and Cixi ore clusters. Ore minerals are dominantly magnetite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, with minor chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Gangue minerals include pyroxene, garnet, hornblende and minor plagioclase, biotite, chlorite, epidotite, quartz, and calcite. Pyrite from the Cihai and Cixi ore clusters has similar Re–Os isotope compositions, with ～14 to 62 ppb Re and ≤10?ppt common Os. Pyrrhotite has ～5 to 39 ppb Re and ～0.6 ppb common Os. Pyrite has a mean Re–Os model age of 262.3?±?5.6 Ma (n?=?13), in agreement with the isochron regression of ¹⁸⁷Os vs. ¹⁸⁷Re. The Re–Os age (～262 Ma) for the Cihai Fe deposit is within uncertainty in agreement with a previously reported Rb–Sr age (268?±?25 Ma) of the hosting diabase, indicating a genetic relationship between magmatism and mineralization. Magnetite from the Cihai deposit has Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Ga, and Sn more elevated than that of typical skarn deposits, but both V and Ti contents lower than that of magmatic Fe–Ti–V deposits. Magnetite from these two ore clusters at Cihai has slightly different trace element concentrations. Magnetite from the Cihai ore cluster has relatively constant trace element compositions. Some magnetite grains from the Cixi ore cluster have higher V, Ti, and Cr than those from the Cihai ore cluster. The compositional variations of magnetite between the ore clusters are possibly due to different formation temperatures. Combined with regional tectonic evolution of the Beishan terrane, the Re–Os age of pyrite and the composition of magnetite indicate that the Cihai Fe deposit may have derived from magmatic–hydrothermal fluids related to mafic magmatism, probably in an extensional rift environment.     

辽宁西丰大岩体的解体及其地质意义

西丰大岩体在辽宁省地质上占有十分显赫的位置,一方面它出露面积巨大,另一方面与其相关的矿产比较丰富.西丰大岩体未解体之前是辽宁省最大的岩体之一,位于辽宁省的东北角,南起清河,向北延至吉林省,在辽宁省境内出露面积逾2500km2.与其相关的矿产有铁矿、铜矿、铅锌金银钼多金属矿及萤石矿.根据构造-岩浆演化期次原则,按岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素年代学、岩体间的接触关系及岩体与地层的接触关系等,将西丰大岩体(辽宁省部分)进行了详细解体,重新归并成早二叠世、早三叠世、中侏罗世和晚白垩世4个侵入期次.其中早二叠世有3个侵入序次、早三叠世1个侵入序次、中侏罗世3个侵入序次、晚白垩世4个侵入序次,共划分为11个侵入序次.在此基础上对岩性的成矿专属性、矿床成因类型和成矿时限进行了专门研究.     

Field Test Research on Embankment Supported by Plastic Tube Cast-in-place Concrete Piles

The plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile (TC pile) with a small diameter consists of pre-driven plastic tube filled with concrete. Based on the case of TC pile-reinforced embankment on soft ground, and according to the monitoring data of the TC pile-reinforced embankment system, the treatment effect and reinforcement characteristics for this system were analyzed. The field monitoring results indicates that the critical height of embankment is about 1.1 times the pile net spacing, and the small-spacing arranged TC piles can be applied to low embankment engineering; the load share rate can reflect the degree of soil arching more better and steadily and exceeds 70 % at the end of monitoring period; the settlements of pile cap and soil between piles mainly occurs in the embankment construction period; the different settlement between pile cap and soil approaches the maximum and then reduces gradually when the embankment height is about 2.2 times the pile net spacing. The variation of layered settlement and pore water pressure illustrates that the embankment settlement is mainly caused by the compression of soils within pile length, which is about 90 % of the total settlement; the influence depth of pore water pressure is about 1/3 pile length.     

柴达木盆地北缘下干柴沟组下段湖相混合沉积发育特征及其对储层的影响

柴达木盆地北缘的古近系下干柴沟组下段是油气勘探的重要目标,查明该区储层发育的控制因素是深入勘探的重要基础。根据岩屑录井、普通薄片以及铸体薄片等资料对该区冷湖七号和南八仙构造的储层特征进行了对比分析。研究表明,该区大量发育陆源碎屑-碳酸盐的混合沉积,但是由于水体咸度的不同:在冷湖七号的滨浅湖混积岩中碳酸盐和硬石膏含量较高,颗粒主要为基底式胶结;而南八仙构造地处辫状河三角洲前缘相带,因河流的稀释作用,混积岩中硬石膏含量很少,颗粒为孔隙式－基底式钙质胶结,原生孔喉较为发育,有利于后期酸性流体的溶蚀改造。两种类型混积岩的初始孔隙度以及孔喉演化模式的不同,是最终引起两个地区含油气丰度巨大差异的一个原因。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南梁西区上三叠统长6储层特征及影响因素分析

通过研究区内大量铸体薄片、物性资料及压汞分析,对研究区长6油层组储层的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、孔隙结构及物性特征等进行深入研究,分析了影响储层储集性能的主要因素。研究表明,长6油层组储集层具成分成熟度较低、结构成熟度中等的岩石学特点,储层孔隙类型以粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔及黑云母溶孔为主,微孔—细孔是主要的油气储集空间,细—微细喉道是长6储层的基本渗流通道,为典型的低孔、特低渗储层。储层物性受沉积相带、成岩作用和高频基准面旋回升降的控制。碎屑粒度和分选性对储层性能有重要影响;压实和胶结作用使储层物性明显变差,而黏土膜胶结、溶解作用对孔隙建造具有积极作用。在长6油层组共识别出正韵律、反韵律、均质韵律及凸韵律和凹韵律6种类型储层物性垂向分布模式,该模式受控于高频基准面旋回的升降。     

天然气藏类型及特征研究进展

研究天然气藏的特征,正确划分天然气藏的类型,指导天然气勘探开发工作。根据国内外相关文献综合分析,分析显示前人对天然气藏类型及特征的研究主要基于圈闭类型、储层岩性、流体特征三方面,并且集中于严格圈闭界限内的气藏;将气源岩、储层、盖层孤立看待。建议以砂、泥岩组合为基础对气藏特征进行研究;将源、储、盖看作一起,研究分布于大范围连片储集体内的气藏。