中国东部中生代岩浆岩的时空分布及其与热液型铀矿的关系

中国东部中生代岩浆活动强烈,热液型铀矿分布广泛。空间上,自北而南可划分出大兴安岭、小兴安岭-长白山、冀北-辽西、大别山北缘、长江中下游、扬子陆块东南缘、武夷-云开、东南沿海8个火山-侵入岩带和沽源-红山子、青龙-兴城、庐枞-栖霞、赣杭、武夷山、桃山-诸广、郴州-钦州、湘中、雪峰山-摩天岭9个热液型铀成矿带以及满洲里-额尔古纳、扎兰屯、伊春、金寨、天目山5个铀成矿远景带;时间上,从早到晚可划分出250~230Ma、228~205Ma、195~175Ma、165~150Ma、145~130Ma、126~115Ma、110~100Ma、97~80Ma 8个不同时期的岩浆活动和早期深源高温、晚期浅源低温两个成矿系统,深源高温成矿系统可划分出11个矿床式,浅源低温成矿系统可划分出15个矿床式。勘查成果显示,热液型铀矿对岩浆岩的岩性岩相没有选择性,但与特定时期的岩浆岩有密切的关系,其中与花岗岩有关的热液型铀矿主要赋存在三叠纪花岗岩中,与火山岩有关的热液型铀矿主要赋存在早白垩世早期高钾钙碱性流纹岩-碱性粗面岩组合中,而且晚期高侵位小岩体或火山斑岩体的内、外接触带是有利的赋矿部位。     

大别山东南缘侏罗系磨山组沉积环境及地质意义

侏罗纪是大别造山带与周缘盆地盆山关系研究的一个重要时期,分布在大别造山带周缘的侏罗纪地层为大别山的造山过程以及深俯冲岩石的折返、剥蚀提供了很好的约束。本文选取大别造山带东南缘安庆月山地区侏罗系磨山组为研究对象,对磨山组碎屑岩进行了详细的粒度分析、碎屑组分分析、重矿物分析和碎屑锆石年代学分析。碎屑岩岩石、沉积特征和粒度分析都指示早侏罗世磨山组为三角洲前缘水下分流河道沉积。碎屑组分分析、重矿物分析结合碎屑锆石年代学分析指示磨山组碎屑岩物源主要来自南侧的华南板块,大别造山带宿松杂岩可能为其提供了少量物源,但碎屑物源中未见石榴子石和典型的三叠纪变质锆石,说明此时大别高压-超高压榴辉岩可能仍未折返至地表。     

黄土裂隙的漫灌效应对斜坡稳定性的影响分析

以甘肃省黑方台地区滑坡为研究对象,在非饱和土特性试验基础上,根据地下水位的监测资料建立典型斜坡饱和-非饱和渗流模型,模拟斜坡灌溉作用后裂隙对斜坡渗流场的影响,研究斜坡裂隙效应对斜坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:灌溉水迅速沿裂隙下渗,形成渗流优势通道;裂隙附近土体的孔隙水压力迅速升高,导致其局部形成饱和区域;随着裂隙数量的增加,饱和区域明显增大,且裂隙的位置越靠近台塬边缘,对斜坡边缘的孔隙水压力及基质吸力影响越显著。综合斜坡稳定性分析结果可知:裂隙发育位置越靠近台塬边缘,斜坡稳定性越差;而裂隙数量的增加对于斜坡的稳定性影响更大,且裂隙对于斜坡稳定性的影响是一个短时间过程。夯填裂缝是控制滑坡发生的有效途径。     

A Mesozoic Pompeii: History of the Jehol Biota’s Rise and Fall

The Jehol fauna was initially represented by a bony fish, concostracan and an insect, as a Lycoptera davidi–Eosestheria–Ephemeropsis trisetalis association, but since the researches of recent decades, the Jehol Biota is now completely different from the past low-diversity, and encompasses a native terrestrial biota that includes many well-preserved vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. There are more than 20 important biological categories, thousands of taphonomically unusual fossils, especially noted for the wide variety of biological tissues. The Jehol Biota has caused a sensation in the world with its wide distribution, large quantity, great variety, fine preservation and detailed information, which records the rise and fall of the numerous taxa, and provides significant evidence for three origins: of birds, eutherian mammals, and angiosperms. The Jehol Biota is a highlight of basic scientific research in China, and we honor it as a world–class fossil treasury and “a Mesozoic Pompeii”.     

内蒙古东乌旗巴彦都兰铜矿床地质和地球化学特征及其意义

内蒙古巴彦都兰铜矿床位于二连—东乌旗成矿带,该矿区出露下泥盆统泥鳅河组粉砂岩和海西中期黑云母花岗岩体,铜矿体呈脉状产出于泥鳅河组粉砂岩中,严格受断裂控制。主要金属矿物为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿等,脉石矿物主要为石英和碳酸盐岩等。矿区黑云母花岗岩La-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238) U加权平均年龄为303.5 Ma±1.1 Ma,铜矿床属于晚古生代构造-岩浆作用的产物。岩石地球化学特征反映黑云母花岗岩属准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK值介于0.99~1.04之间,高碱(w(K_2O+Na_2O)=7.36%~8.73%),富钾(w(K_2O)/w(Na_2O)=1.08~1.66),其形成具有岛弧或后碰撞环境I型花岗岩特征;微量元素特征显示岩体可能形成于后碰撞伸展阶段早期的构造环境中。黄铜矿硫同位素组成介于0.1×10~(-3)~2.1×10~(-3)之间,反映成矿所需的硫可能来自于岩浆,巴彦都兰铜矿区花岗岩很可能是成矿硫的提供者。     

中亚南天山穆龙套型金矿地质背景、成矿特征和找矿策略

中亚南天山是世界上最重要的金矿带,以浅变质含碳质碎屑岩系为容矿岩石的穆龙套型金矿最为发育且规模巨大。将境内外南天山作为整体开展研究,有助于推进中国新疆南天山地区金矿的找矿持续突破。南天山是南天山洋在石炭纪末闭合时在Karakum—塔里木板块北缘形成的褶皱冲断带。南天山地区穆龙套型金矿的容矿地层为一套浅变质、变形强烈的含碳质细碎屑岩建造,对金矿化有明显预富集;区域内的大型韧-脆性变形带,剪切带及相关断裂系统是穆龙套型金矿的控矿构造;金矿区岩浆活动虽然较弱,但岩浆活动与成矿具有紧密的时空联系。矿体呈脉状、板状、透镜状,常以黄铁矿和毒砂为主要载金矿物,围岩蚀变以硅化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化最为发育。成矿年龄多为晚古生代,同位素示踪指示成矿流体、硫及成矿金属物质具有壳幔混源特征。"碳质岩系+构造变形+岩浆热液"是穆龙套型金成矿的关键控制因素。按照总体控矿特征,探讨了中国新疆南天山地区穆龙套型金矿床的主要找矿策略。     

洞庭湖区与城陵矶水位关联性的临界特征分析

采用典型测站观测资料与水力学原理相结合,分析不同情况下城陵矶水位与洞庭湖区水位关联性强弱转化的机理和临界条件以及三峡水库对其影响等问题。理论解析表明,固定流量下,湖区水位与城陵矶水位相关关系应为单调指数函数,受到区间距离、湖槽形态等多因素影响,据此提出和率定了各湖区水位的经验计算模式。利用经验计算模式对实测数据进行延展,构建了各种可能出现的湖区来流和干流水位组合下的湖区水位特征曲线族,发现湖区水位与城陵矶水位之间的关联强度存在无影响区、影响区和决定区等状态区间,通过对临界条件的定义和计算,实现了各状态区间的定量划分,并提出了各状态区间内洞庭湖区水位的估算方法。通过对三峡水库蓄水后湖床冲淤和水文条件变化的影响分析,论证了以上方法和认识在水库蓄水后的适用性。     

Origin and Distribution Factors of Sour Gases in Natural Gas Reservoirs in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block,Turkmenistan

Through the analysis of original carbon isotopes in the blocks on the right bank of the Amu Darya River, Turkmenistan, it can be firstly concluded that the carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the sour gas reservoirs belongs to the inorganic-origin gas. The origin of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block is thermochemical sulfate reduction from the detailed analysis of hydrocarbon source rocks data, reservoir characteristics, vitrinite reflectance of organic matter, and sour gas content. Then, the factors affecting the distribution of sour gases in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block were investigated by the analysis of conventional sour gas distribution factors including geological structure, fracture and fault, caprock integrity, sedimentary facies, reservoir types, lithofacies, the source of sulfur and so on. The following basic findings were achieved: ① The basement rift in the study area is conductive to the distribution of CO₂. The caprock integrity contributes to the concentration of CO₂. The gas reservoirs in the biological dike reefs, patch reefs and overthrust zones usually have medium CO₂ content. ② The geological structure and fracture caused the complexity of the distribution of H₂S. The gypsum-salt rock in upper Jurassic-Tithonian is an important sulphur source, and the main hydrocarbon source rocks are also the major sulfur source of H₂S gas reservoirs. Furthermore, the giant gypsum layers in the middle-upper Jurassic Callovian-Oxfordian and the upper Jurassic-Tithonian are conductive to preservation of H₂S, and the small openings and holes in the reservoir is also correlative to the distribution of H₂S. ③ The H₂S in the study area is mostly distributed in the formations with the geothermal temperature of higher than 100 ℃. The open platform deep-water sedimentary facies are harmful to the formation of H₂S. The patch reef and overthrust zones belong to the belts of low H₂S content, however, the biological dike reef zones belong to the belts of medium-high H₂S content. However, the origin and distribution factors of sour gases in natural gas reservoirs were obtained. At the same time, it was pointed out that more necessary and accurately quantitative research is still needed to determine the origin and distribution of acid gases in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block, Turkmenistan.     

大兴安岭北段霍洛台铜铅锌矿区花岗闪长岩的岩石成因:地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学制约

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区霍洛台花岗闪长岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学表明,霍洛台花岗闪长岩(145 Ma)为早白垩世岩浆侵入产物。元素地球化学组成表明,为一套具埃达克岩特征的高钾钙碱性系列岩石,表现为高SiO_2(65.64%~66.00%)、高K_2O(3.67%~3.77%)、低MgO(0.09%~1.21%)、高Sr含量(814.00×10~(-6)~893.00×10~(-6)),低Yb(0.194×10~(-6)~0.536×10~(-6))和Y(6.38×10~(-6)~7.73×10~(-6)),A/CNK为0.94~0.958,轻重稀土元素分异明显。La/Yb(92.54~245.88)、Th/La(0.17~0.2)、Th/U(4.01~4.84)和Mg~#值(26.70~29.22)等特征显示霍洛台花岗闪长岩为加厚下地壳部分熔融形成。结合区域构造演化背景,认为霍洛台花岗闪长岩为受蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造体系影响下地壳加厚挤压-伸展转换阶段作用产物。     

不同受损情况下珊瑚礁海岸动力地貌差异性分析

探索珊瑚礁与海滩地貌之间动力地貌联系是认识珊瑚礁海岸变化的重要一环.本文以雷州半岛徐闻西落港珊瑚礁海岸为研究对象,应用RTK-GPS和无人船开展岸滩剖面和近岸水下地形的测量、结合海滩沉积物分析,基于FUNWAVE-TVD数值模型模拟并分析不同珊瑚礁地形地貌条件下波浪动力传播过程.结果显示,研究区珊瑚礁水下地形是影响礁后...