沙漠区调水工程施工道路的设计与施工

石羊河下游地区近年来由于河水注入量的持续减少,使得依赖河水补给的地下水相应减少,造成区域性地下水位的下降,从而出现了一系列的生态环境问题。石羊河流域下游的民勤绿洲面临严重的生态危机,如何抢救和保护民勤绿洲,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。为了恢复和重建受损的生态系统,实施了下游调水工程——甘肃省景泰川电力提灌二期向民勤调水工程,该工程是国内第一个长距离穿越沙漠的跨流域调水工程,线路经过腾格里沙漠流动沙丘区,无水无路,施工条件非常艰苦;经过试验研究,提出了以当地材料为主的沙漠区施工道路的设计与施工方案。工程施工和运行实践表明,该方案施工简便,费省效宏。     

1990～2010年中国人口收缩区分布的时空格局演变——基于不同测度指标的分析

在人口收缩内涵界定的基础上,采用总人口和劳动力等直接指标结合出生率、老龄化率等间接指标进行综合测度,在地级尺度和县市尺度上分析了1990~2010年中国人口收缩区的数量变化、空间分布及演化特征（由于获取限制,未包含港澳台地区数据）,并对比了不同测度指标和方法之间的差异。主要的研究发现如下：①人口收缩区在数量上有明显的增长,收缩程度呈现出明显加剧趋势;②人口收缩区在中部和西部偏东地区快速扩张,川黔渝地区、长江中游地区、东北地区最为严重;③单一指标在识别人口绝对收缩方面效果较好,而且总人口指标往往比劳动力指标更早的反映一个区域的人口状况;④综合指标测度的方法能够更加全面的判断一个区域的人口发展状况,进而识别出人口处于相对收缩状态的区域;⑤人口收缩在县市尺度上比在地级尺度上表现更为明显,但两者的差异呈缩小趋势。基于以上研究发现,建议政府更加重视区域人口收缩问题及其对社会经济发展的影响。     

农村居民点整理潜力测算与布局优化研究——以江苏省江都市为例

通过自然、经济与社会因素方面构建限制修正系数,用限制修正系数把理论潜力修正至现实潜力,且从区位、自然等方面对整理后居民点进行布局优化,在ArcGIS 9.3中用多因素综合评价法评价栅格单元的居民点建设适宜度,把适宜度高的栅格变成居民点用地,直到所选择栅格面积等于现状居民点释放完潜力而保留的面积。研究发现2008年江都市居民点整理的理论潜力是6 128 hm2,经限制因素修正后现实潜力是2 013 hm2,其中半数以上在仙女镇;经布局优化后居民点集中分布,且主要集中分布在城镇周围与交通便捷地区,改变了目前散乱分布状况,居民点分布斑块数减少,其集聚度显著增加。     

云南富宁地区泥盆系—石炭系界线碳、氧同位素特征及对海平面变化的响应

右江盆地沉积连续的泥盆纪—石炭纪岩石地层,是中国泥盆纪与石炭纪之交Hangenberg生物大灭绝事件的重点研究区域。选取右江盆地西缘云南富宁地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世地层,在岩石地层学研究的基础上对碳酸盐岩进行系统的碳、氧同位素组成研究。富宁地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世地层存在不同幅度的δ13C、δ18O负向偏移,尤其在泥盆系—石炭系界线附近负偏移明显,δ13C、δ18O值偏移层位与层序地层学转换及古生物灭绝事件发生层位一致,反映了晚泥盆世法门期海平面下降和早石炭世的海侵事件。研究区泥盆系—石炭系界线附近δ13C值负偏趋势与右江盆地内δ13C值演化偏移相似,华南其他典型剖面δ13C值亦呈现不同幅度的负向偏移,泥盆纪与石炭纪之交的碳同位素演化序列与欧洲、北美地区δ13C值负向偏移反映的海平面下降事件一致,具全球性对比意义。     

Field test research on post-grouting effect for super-long cast-in-place bored pile in thick soft foundation

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The field static load test method was adopted for two test piles in a project in Zhejiang area of China, analyze the effect of post-grouting technique on...     

在线地图集发布与服务系统的设计与实现

地图集作为反映一个地区或一种领域研究成果的地图集合,是测绘行业的一个重要组成部分,传统地图集编制与发布的成果多为纸质版,制作与发布周期比较长,更新速度慢。该系统对在线地图集发布与服务系统进行开发,有效地缩短了地图集编制时间,提高了地图集编制与发布的效率。在对整个系统进行了完整的设计后,对相关关键技术进行了研究,最后实现了整个系统的开发,并对系统主要功能做出展示。     

FEM for stability analysis against overturning of portal water injection sheet pile

Portal water injection sheet pile （PWISP）, as a retaining wall, appeared in seashore engineering in 2000. Although there have been many systematic methods addressing the issue, there are very few focusing on the new structure because of the difficulties in defining the earth pressure between the two piles. A new method is proposed in this paper to obtain the earth pressure between the PWISPs. Stability analysis against overturning follows as a consequence. Using Finite Element Analysis （FEA） software ANSYS, both the nonlinear characteristics of the soil and those of the contact elements are taken into account to obtain the earth pressure distribution on the contact surface. Based on the results of the FEA, Rankin＇s theory and the slip plane theory, the formula of the earth pressure on the inner surfaces between the piles is given. Assuming the PWISP as the analysis object and the earth pressure as an outside force acting upon it, the equation of stability against overturning of the PWISP is presented. Finally, some parameters are discussed about the stability of the PWISP against overturning, such as the embedded depth of the front pile, the distance between the two rows of piles, the internal friction angle and the cohesion of the earth. The results show that the increase of the cohesion and the internal friction angle will decrease the distance and the embedded depth, and therefore enhance the stability against overturning. Specifically, when the distance is 1/3-2/3 of the maximal excavation depth, the two rows of piles give the best performance in stability.     

Variation of Floods Characteristics and Their Responses to Climate and Human Activities in Poyang Lake,China

The Poyang Lake is one of the most frequently flooded areas in China. Understanding the changing characteristics of floods as well as the affecting factors is an important prerequisite of flood disaster prevention and mitigation. The present study identified the characteristics variations of historical floods in the Poyang Lake and their tendencies based on the Mann-Kendall(M-K) test, and also investigated the related affecting factors, both from climate and human activities. The results revealed that the highest flood stages, duration as well as hazard coefficient of floods showed a long-term increasing linear trend during the last 60 years with the M-K statistic of 1.49, 1.60 and 1.50, respectively. And, a slightly increasing linear trend in the timing of the highest stages indicated the floods occurred later and later during the last six decades. The rainfall during the flood season and subsequent discharges of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River and runoff from the Poyang Lake Basin were mainly responsible for the severe flood situation in the Poyang Lake in the 1990 s. In addition, the intensive human activities, including land reclamation and levee construction, also played a supplementary role in increasing severity of major floods. While, the fewer floods in the Poyang Lake after 2000 can be attributed to not only the less rainfall over the Poyang Lake Basin and low discharges of the Changjiang River during flood periods, but also the stronger influences of human activity which increased the floodwater storage of the Poyang Lake than before.     

郑州市市区风环境模拟研究

城市风环境是城市微气候研究的一个重要方向,对分析城市热岛效应、空气流通等具有重要意义。本文以郑州市市区为例,使用1971—2018年气象观测数据、2018年建筑分布数据（OSM）和2016年资源三号卫星数据作为数据源,通过运用气象学和GIS技术结合的方法,探究潜在通风廊道,科学量化城市形态对风环境的影响。研究首先借助WindNinja软件,对城市背景风环境进行模拟分析,该计算方法提高了风道定位的精度。然后利用卫星遥感数据制作了数字高程模型（DSM）,结合OSM计算下垫面地表粗糙度。进一步借助ArcGIS软件,利用最小成本路径法（LCP）确定城市潜在通风廊道的位置。结果表明：① 郑州市近年来平均风速缓慢下降,平均每10年下降0.26 m/s;全年主导风向东北风进入城市后受城市形态影响在京广铁路线附近以西逐渐转为东北偏东风,其中在京广快速路以东风速较高,在京广快速路以西风速较低;② 金水区西部、中原区、二七区以及管城区的地表粗糙度较高,通风环境较差;金水区东部和惠济区的地表粗糙度较低,通风环境较好;③根据盛行风向模拟的潜在通风廊道,其共同特点是趋向于低粗糙度的地区。     

三峡库区生物多样性的变化态势及其保护对策

三峡库区拥有丰富的生镜多样性，物种多样性与基因多样性，是一个天然生物宝库，然而，由于人类活动长期的强烈干预和破坏，库区生境日趋退化，生物种群发生逆行演替，生物多样性在逐渐减少或丧失。加强对生物多样性保护和研究具有极其重要的现实意义。