新疆东天山旱草湖环状岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及成因

以新疆东天山旱草湖地区中酸性环状岩体为研究对象,进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和全岩地球化学研究,探讨其成因和地质意义。结果表明,侵入英云闪长岩的最老年龄为275.0±2.9Ma(MSWD=4.8),侵位时代为二叠纪。岩体Al_2O_3含量为14.46%～17.05%,A/CNK为0.93～1.09,属准铝质和弱过铝质系列,较富集K_2O,MgO含量较低,为0.71%～2.84%,Mg~#值为33.3～48.6。微量元素高Sr、低Y,Sr含量为217×10~(-6)～740×10~(-6),Y含量为4.26×10~(-6)～21.4×10~(-6),Sr/Y值为16.87～145.07,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、Ba,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti。稀土元素配分模式图呈现平坦右倾的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损,表明岩体来源于石榴子石和金红石较稳定而斜长石不稳定的区域,属于角闪岩相向榴辉岩相过渡阶段,可能是同时期底侵的产物。地球化学特征表明岩体不是一期岩浆事件结晶分离演化的结果,不同岩性的岩体之间没有发生结晶分离。部分熔融程度和新生幔源组分的不同导致了旱草湖环状花岗质岩体的形成,二叠纪旱草湖地区存在较强烈的中酸性岩浆活动,是东天山二叠纪构造-岩浆演化的响应。     

黑龙江嘉荫乌云组地层划分及时代的新认识

黑龙江嘉荫乌云煤矿等地的早第三纪乌云组及其植物群的划分、对比及时代等问题长期争论.笔者等在乌云组下部发现以Tiliaephyllum tsagajanicum等为标志的大植物及孢粉化石组合,显示古新世达宁早期的时代.并据此将乌云组划分为两段:下段为"白山头段"(新建),代表乌云组下部的地层,时代为达宁早期;上段为"含煤段",时代可能主要为达宁晚期.结合与北邻俄罗斯布列亚盆地同期地层及植物群的对比,认为整个乌云组应与上查加扬组(并包括中查加扬组上部)相对比.嘉荫乌云露天煤矿所出露的含煤地层及其植物化石的时代,仅大体上属于古新世达宁晚期,并非达宁期全部.     

微生物电化学体系中金红石可见光还原降解偶氮染料的实验研究

利用双室微生物电化学装置对微生物和半导体矿物协同作用下偶氮类染料废水的还原脱色降解进行了系统的实验研究.不同光照条件及不同阴极电极材料的对比实验结果显示,偶氮染料甲基橙(MO)可作为终端电子受体直接从固体电极上获得电子被还原脱色;各对比实验中,在微生物催化与半导体矿物光催化协同作用条件下,MO还原脱色效率最高.电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)的拟合结果显示金红石涂布阴极电极光照下极化内阻(Rp)为443.4 Ω,较无光条件下的1378 Ω显著降低,证明光照下金红石阴极的电子转移过程受其光催化作用的驱动.不同初始浓度下MO的生物-半导体催化还原反应符合准一级动力学模型,其反应速率随MO初始浓度降低而增加.通过对脱色产物的进一步分析,推测该实验中MO的还原脱色反应机制为: 阳极初始电子供体在微生物的催化作用下将电子通过阳极电极和外电路传递给阴极半导体矿物电极,进而在半导体矿物的光催化作用下通过光生电子还原终端电子受体MO,使MO中的偶氮键断裂,生成无色的联氨类衍生物.     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段沉积岩元素地球化学特征及沉积环境分析

沉积岩的地球化学特征可以反映盆地沉积环境。为了探讨鄂尔多斯盆地延长组沉积时期古气候、氧化还原条件、古盐度等特征,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部铜川延长组长7段的5个砂岩、8个页岩样品进行主量、微量以及稀土元素地球化学分析。结果显示,长7段细粒沉积物Al₂O₃/SiO₂值与K₂O/Na₂O值指示样品成分成熟度差别不大,黏土矿物含量较高。∑REE平均值为132.65×10^-6,明显低于北美页岩平均稀土元素含量,也低于全球平均大陆上地壳值;LREE分异程度较高,呈微弱的Eu正异常,无Ce异常。“C值”、Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、Mg/Ca等指标显示延长组沉积期整体处于温暖潮湿的气候区。研究区样品富集微量元素U、Sc、Cs(平均20.11×10^-6、9.66×10^-6、6.08×10^-6),结合V、δU、Th/U、V/Cr、V/Sc、V/(V+Ni)等指标分析,结果指示延长组沉积期以底层水体呈强分层的还原环境为主。Li、Sr、Ni、Sr/Ba、(MgO/Al₂O₃)×100等值显示沉积期水体总体为淡水-微咸水。     

大兴安岭北段龙江盆地光华组碱流岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对大兴安岭北段龙江盆地光华组碱流岩进行了岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb年龄研究,并对其岩石成因及构造意义进行了讨论。结果表明,龙江盆地碱流岩的锆石具有典型的岩浆振荡生长环带和较高的Th/U值(0.71~2.12),反映了岩浆成因特征,LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为122.4±1.7Ma(n=19,MSWD=0.77)。岩石富硅、富碱,贫Mg、Ca;稀土元素配分曲线呈现右倾"V"字形特征,显示强烈的负Eu异常;微量元素显示具有较低的Sr和Ba丰度,以及较高的Rb、Th、U、Zr等特点。以上特征表明,龙江盆地碱流岩类似于铝质A1型花岗岩,为长英质地壳部分熔融及其后斜长石和Ti、Fe氧化物分离结晶作用的产物,代表了伸展的构造环境。     

Strength degradation and anchoring behavior of rock mass in the fault fracture zone

Rock mass in the fault fracture zone has some characteristics such as low strength and poor self-stability, so the control mechanism of stability has been a difficulty in the research of underground engineering. A set of laboratory simulation method of fault fractured rock mass is developed to reflect the natural forming process of fault fracture zone. Compared with intact rock mass, the fault fractured rock mass has an obvious degradation in strength and deformation parameters, and the degradation index is between 22.79 and 84.06%. The bolt has a certain supporting effect on the fault fractured rock mass, and in the situation of end anchoring, the greater the pretightening force is, the better the enforcement effect will be. The stress field produced by high pretightening force can relieve the stress concentration around the bolt hole and make the initial cracks of rock mass away from the bolt plate. The evolution curve of bolt axial force in the process of uniaxial compression of large-scale specimen shows four stages, which are the initial compression stage, pre-peak joint load-bearing stage, post-peak joint load-bearing stage and the residual stage. Research results could provide some theory reference for the stability control of rock mass in the fault fracture zone.     

基于球体几何关系的球标靶特征提取算法

利用“球面上任意3点确定的平面与球的相交曲线为圆,该截面圆心与球心的连线(球截面圆心法线)垂直于圆平面”的几何关系,提出一种基于球体几何关系的球标靶特征提取算法。通过对球标靶点云构建多组截面圆,对截面圆设定约束条件,构造球心到球截面圆心法线距离平方和的目标函数,以此目标函数最小为条件求解球标靶的球心坐标。通过实验比较本文方法、最小二乘方法、整体最小二乘方法、加权整体最小二乘方法和稳健加权整体最小二乘方法对球标靶的处理效果,结果表明本文方法具有较高的准确性和稳健性。     

高速铁路轨道位置测量误差的分析

时速200 km/h及以上铁路的轨道位置是由全站仪观测CPⅢ控制点进行自由设站后按极坐标法测定的。本文通过分析误差大小及其对轨道位置的影响, 得出轨道控制网CPⅢ控制点的误差主要影响轨道的长波平顺性, 可以根据轨道长波平顺性要求来确定轨道控制网CPⅢ的测量精度, 从而掌握轨道测量关键, 保证铁路轨道位置的平顺性。     

Multi-agent based modeling of spatiotemporal dynamical urban growth in developing countries: simulating future scenarios of Lianyungang city,China

Urbanization is the most typical form of land use/cover change, and exploration of the driving mechanism of urban growth and the prediction of its future changes are very important for achieving urban sustainable development. In view of the ability of a multi-agent system to simulate a complex spatial system and from the perspective of combining macroscopic and microscopic decision-making behaviors of agents, a spatiotemporal dynamical urban growth simulation model based on the multi-agent systems has been developed. In this model, macroscopic land use planning behaviors implemented by macroagents and microscopic land use selection behaviors autonomously generated by microagents interact within two-dimensional spatial cells. Furthermore, the urbanization process is promoted through joint decision-making by macroagents and microagents. Considering the central region of the coastal industrial city Lianyungang as the study area, we developed three target scenarios on the basis of current trends, economic development priorities, and environmental protection priorities. Moreover, the corresponding urban growth scenarios were simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that by combining the macroscopic and microscopic decision-making behaviors of agents to simulate spatiotemporal dynamical urban growth based on the multi-agent systems, the proposed model can provide a useful spatial exploratory tool for explaining the driving mechanism of urbanization and providing decision-making support for urban management.     

基于HHT提取昆明、下关重力固体潮的地震前兆信息

在重力固体潮地震前兆分析中引入HHT时频分析新方法.结合HHT的优越性、固体潮的特点和地震的非平稳过程特性,设计重力固体潮地震前兆分析的瞬时频率特征参数;以相应理论计算值作为参照背景,研究固体潮的震前变化特征.昆明、下关的震例分析表明, 的确存在瞬时频率特征参数的震前变化,且具短期、同步正异常特征;瞬时频率特征参数具有明确的物理意义,其震前变化反映了地震非平稳过程对理论重力固体潮的影响.