塔里木盆地寒武系烃源岩分布的重新认识及其意义

塔里木盆地台盆区海相烃源岩的分布是制约油气勘探的主控因素,在构造—古地理背景分析基础上,通过典型井地球化学分析结合测井标定与地震追踪,重新厘定寒武系主力烃源岩分布。结果表明,东部烃源岩主要分布在中-下寒武统泥页岩中,西部烃源岩主要分布在下寒武统泥页岩中,中-上寒武统—下奥陶统碳酸盐岩缺乏有效烃源岩,单井纵向厚度标定东部低于100 m、西部低于40 m,远低于早期预测厚度。寒武系烃源岩并非满盆分布,主要分布在满东凹陷、满西台内洼,并发现塔西南南缘可能发育大面积陆缘斜坡烃源岩,而巴楚—麦盖提、塘古—塔中、塔北等基底古隆起区缺乏烃源岩。受控前寒武纪古隆起与寒武纪弱伸展背景影响,寒武系发育4种构造背景下的烃源岩：主要为台间盆、台内洼烃源岩,以及可能存在被动陆缘斜坡、板块边缘裂谷烃源岩。     

西藏洞错晚白垩世花岗闪长斑岩: 岩石圈拆沉的产物

班公湖-怒江缝合带是国内外备受关注的特提斯构造域的重要组成部分,可为恢复和反演特提斯洋构造演化提供重要依据。对南羌塘地块南缘洞错地区晚白垩世花岗闪长斑岩进行了详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和Lu-Hf同位素研究。锆石U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素研究结果显示,该花岗闪长斑岩形成时代为74.1±1.1 Ma,εHf（t）值为4.5~6.9。全岩地球化学特征显示,其为高钾钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,具弱负Eu异常;富集Rb、Th、U、K和Pb,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、La、Ce、P和Ti。该花岗闪长斑岩为加厚新生下地壳部分熔融的产物。在综合区域最新研究成果的基础上,认为该花岗闪长斑岩形成于后碰撞环境,为班公湖-怒江洋闭合后岩石圈拆沉的产物。     

丽江—攀枝花—者海地带二维地壳结构及其构造意义

本文利用攀西地区通过攀枝花的东西向剖面爆炸地震资料,进行了震相的重新识别和二维射线追踪与理论图计算.结果表明,沿剖面地表附近有4个低速区和若干高速带,它们与地质和构造有很好的对应关系.渡口附近的高速岩体一直延伸到了上地壳的底部,形成一个统一的地垒状构造,该高速体与攀枝花成矿岩体相关,并推断华坪及其以西地带也是找矿的有利地区.中地壳下部有一厚度约9km的低速层,它可能是壳内的韧性剪切带.低速层顶部深度为27.0—29.5km,与研究地区的居里面深度及天然地震震源深度的分布基本符合.剖面东段中地壳顶部还有一层很薄的低速层,反映了构造带两侧运动的不对称性.地壳厚度为53—56km,构造带中部的Moho界面没有明显的上隆.     

东北地区中生代火山岩形成的构造环境

东北地区中生代火山岩可划分为晚三叠世-早白垩世中期、早白垩世晚期及以后两个大旋回,和晚三叠世-中侏罗世、晚侏罗世-早白垩世中期、早白垩世晚期及以后三大期次.早期火山岩分布局限,主要分布于华北板块北缘(侧);中期火山活动强烈,并逐渐向北东方向迁移,是古亚洲洋构造域与滨西太平洋构造域叠加产物;晚期火山活动较弱,逐渐向东迁移,是滨西太平洋板块俯冲作用单一体制环境的产物.     

古尔班通古特沙漠腹地土壤水分动态

采用土钻法对古尔班通古特沙漠腹地典型自然沙垄剖面土壤含水量进行长期监测.采取多重比较(LSD)、典型相关分析(MANOVA)、并在国内第一次采用季节交乘趋势等统计方法,对土壤水分与环境因子的关系进行分析,研究结果表明:土壤含水量时间变化规律分为补给期、失水期和冻结滞水期.土壤含水量均值为补给期>冻结滞水期>失水期,变异系数为补给期>冻结滞水期>失水期;土壤含水量空间变化规律表现为:阴阳坡间具有极显著差异(P<0.01,F=0.002 9).垄间分别与坡中、垄顶具有显著性差异(P<0.05).垂直变化分为活跃层、过渡层和稳定层,活跃层与其他土层间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),土壤含水量均值为阴坡>阳坡,垄顶>垄间>坡中.活跃层>过渡层和稳定层;变异系数为阴坡>阳坡,垄间>坡中>垄顶,活跃层>过渡层>稳定层;降雨量和温度是影响研究区土壤水分时间分布变化的重要影响因子,同时也是土壤含水量变化的决定性影响因子,与土壤含水量具有显著相关性(P<0.05,F=0.02).     

贯通式潜孔锤在新疆白干湖钨锡矿区钻探施工的应用效果

针对新疆白干湖钨锡矿区自然环境恶劣,地质条件复杂,传统岩心钻探方法效率低、成本高、施工周期长等情况,使用贯通式潜孔锤反循环连续取心钻进技术,收到了良好的钻探效果.     

Modeling urban expansion by using variable weights logistic cellular automata: a case study of Nanjing,China

Simulation models based on cellular automata (CA) are widely used for understanding and simulating complex urban expansion process. Among these models, logistic CA (LCA) is commonly adopted. However, the performance of LCA models is often limited because the fixed coefficients obtained from binary logistic regression do not reflect the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of transition rules. Therefore, we propose a variable weights LCA (VW-LCA) model with dynamic transition rules. The regression coefficients in this VW-LCA model are based on VW by incorporating a genetic algorithm in a conventional LCA. The VW-LCA model and the conventional LCA model were both used to simulate urban expansion in Nanjing, China. The models were calibrated with data for the period 2000–2007 and validated for the period 2007–2013. The results showed that the VW-LCA model performed better than the LCA model in terms of both visual inspection and key indicators. For example, kappa, accuracy of urban land and figure of merit for the simulation results of 2013 increased by 3.26%, 2.96% and 4.44%, respectively. The VW-LCA model performs relatively better compared with other improved LCA models that are suggested in literature.     

地图制图技术及发展方向

随着科技的发展 ,传统的地图制图科学发生了深刻的变化 ,形成了地图制图新技术革命的浪潮。这些变化涉及制图数据来源、制图生产过程、地图表现形式乃至地图功能诸多方面。文章根据作者实践谈谈认识和体会     

植被指数-地面温度特征空间的生态学内涵及其应用

植被指数与地面温度是描述土地覆盖特征的重要参数 ,对两种数据的综合分析 ,可以衍生出更丰富、更清晰的地表信息 ,有助于更加准确、有效地认知土地覆盖 /土地利用的时空变化规律。本文探讨了植被指数与地面温度构成的二维向量空间的物理意义与生态学内涵 ,以基于 NOAA AVHRR的时间序列数据为本底 ,分析了不同土地覆盖类型在该特征空间上的时序变化规律 ,并以黄淮海地区主要农作物冬小麦为例 ,研究了植被指数-地面温度指标与干旱、半干旱地区农作物产量之间的响应关系。     

Composition and distribution of planktonic ciliates in the southern South China Sea during late summer: Comparison between surface and 75 m deep layer

Ciliates are very important components in most marine ecosystem.They are trophic link between the microbial food web and grazing food chain.In this study,ciliates were collected from 11 sites in the southern South China Sea(SCS) during August 25 to September 28,2011.Their composition and distribution at the surface and 75 m deep depth of the ocean were studied.A total of 30 species belonging to 22 genera were identified,and 22 species of 15 genera were Tintinnids.Eutintinnus fraknoii and E.stramentus were the most common species.The other dominants were strombidiids ciliates including Strombidium conicum and S.globosaneum,which were followed by the tide form,Mesodinium pulex.Ciliates abundance ranged from 46 ind L~(-1) to 368 ind L~(-1) in the open sites,46–368 ind L~(-1) at surface and 73–198 ind L~(-1) at 75 m deep layer.In the Yongshu reef,ciliates abundance ranged from 167 ind L~(-1) to 365 ind L~(-1) in the water column,similar to that in Sanya coral reef waters.Ciliates composition showed obvious difference between surface and 75 m deep layer at station S2(P 0.05),while no similar result was observed at other sites.At 75 m deep layer,salinity was negatively related to mixed layer depth(P 0.05),but positively to chlorophyll a concentration(P 0.05),indicating that the change of vertical mixing in water column influenced vertical distribution of ciliates in the southern SCS.