锚杆无损检测力锤激励机理与实验

在对锚杆进行无损检测中,力捶激振是产生锤击脉冲普遍采用的方法,对于煤矿常用的锚杆,因激振面积小,现场检测波形一致性较差,给波形的判读带来一定的误差,因此研究锤击脉冲的力学性能对工程动力检测具有重要意义。笔者将力锤与杆撞击之间由小到大和由大到小的局部变形用一个无质量的具有刚度为K的弹簧来模拟,从而推导出力锤与杆撞击的撞击力和脉冲作用时间表达式。然后运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件模拟了不同质量、撞击头半径和弹性模量的撞击杆以不同的速度撞击长杆的应力波形态和脉冲宽度,并在实验室对预应力锚杆用不同质量、不同硬度的力锤进行了激振试验。数值模拟和实验结果进一步阐述了锚杆无损检测力锤激励机理,为更准确地实施锚杆无损动力检测,提高工程检测质量创造了条件。     

罗汉寺岩群地质特征、时代及意义

罗汉寺岩群位于华北板块和扬子板块主缝合带商丹构造带内，区域上呈构造岩片夹持于商丹构造带内，东西断续延长达百公里。文中从岩石地层、岩石学、地球化学等方面论述了罗汉寺岩群的地质特征、形成时代，进而探讨了其地质意义。     

起伏地形条件下的磁异常二维聚焦反演及应用

地形对磁异常的反演和解释有很大的影响,特别是磁异常体贴近地表分布时更是如此,为了降低这种影响,笔者推导出了基于有限延深的二度厚板状体的带地形的磁异常正演公式,并提出了一种基于起伏地形的地下网格模型剖分的新方法。同时,聚焦反演对物性体有很强的聚焦效果,如果能够预先判断磁异常主要由地下浅层的强磁性体所引起,则可以考虑采用聚焦反演的方法得到磁性体的位置,显然这种方法非常适合铁矿体的反演。笔者将带地形的二维磁异常正演与聚焦反演结合起来,进行了相应的模型试验,并与水平地形下的聚焦反演及起伏地形下的光滑反演进行对比,验证了这种结合的有效性。最后,将该方法应用于新疆特克斯的磁异常剖面,对该剖面的磁性体分布做出了合理的解释。     

全球水循环研究进展

以国际组织围绕全球变化问题执行的一系列与水循环相关的研究计划为背景,总结了近40年来陆地-大气间水循环研究的重要成果,并探讨了在全球气候变化的背景下,水循环需要进一步研究的突出问题。     

基于改进等维信息灰色模型的高铁隧道沉降预测研究

等维信息灰色模型是对传统灰色模型的改进,但其模型背景值仍设定为0.5,为了使模型的预测性能得到提高,本文提出了基于粒子群PSO算法的等维信息灰色模型来优化模型的背景值,以消除灰色模型本身固有的偏差。根据已有的高铁隧道沉降监测数据,对其进行小波去噪处理,再分别建立传统GM(1,1)模型、等维信息GM(1,1)模型和PSO-等维信息GM(1,1)模型进行拟合预测,并与原始数据进行对比。预测结果表明,改进后的等维信息GM(1,1)模型的预测精度更高。     

黔北一次下击暴流事件成因及雷达回波特征分析

利用地面自动站资料、探空资料、多普勒雷达观测资料以及ERA5逐时再分析资料对2021年5月15日发生在黔北的一次下击暴流事件成因及雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）本次过程发生在500hPa槽前、西南低涡南侧、中低空急流北侧和地面锋前热低压内的大范围上升区内,地面辐合线是重要的触发机制。（2）大气为上干下湿不稳定状态,中等到强的垂直风切变维持,环境温度垂直递减率较大,低层有冷空气入侵,下沉气流接地时与周围大气形成10℃以上的温差,导致气流强烈辐散最终产生大风。（3）过程由多单体风暴引发,具有弓形回波、三体散射长钉、回波悬垂等结构特征,回波核强度在65dBz以上,大风出现时强回波核迅速降落。（4）大风发生前,风暴前侧有一支由前向后的斜升气流与后侧入流气流形成中层径向辐合（MARC）,大风出现时,低层有小尺度辐散区域,随后辐散尺度扩大,风速切变减小,大风强度减弱。     

REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD BOTTOM HEIGHT AND CLOUD TEMPERATURE BY INFRARED RADIOMETER

The feasibility of retrieving cloud bottom height (CBH) and cloud bottom temperature (CBT) by infraredradiometer has been studied by simulations with a large number of historical radiosounding data and field obser-vations.The results show that it is feasible to retrieve CBH and CBT by radiometer observation in infrared band.In this paper we also demonstrate simply that through joint observations by a dual-wavelength (1.35 cm and8.5mm) microwave radiometer and by infrared radiometer (8.5—12.5μm),it is possible to obtain total watervapor,liquid water content in clouds and CBH and CBT.     

Crustal structure of Dabieshan orogenic belt

The crustal structures ofP velocity and density on the deep seismic sounding profile across the Ilabieshan orogenic belt are presented. There is a 5-km-thick crustal “root” between the Yuexi and Xiaotian where the elevation is highest on the profile. An apparent Moho offset of 4. 5 km beneath the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault marks the paleo-suture of the Triassic collision. A high-velocity anomaly zone at the depth below 3 km beneath the ultra-high pressure (UHP) zone may be correlated to the higher content of UHP metamorphic rocks. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation.     

Removal of Ni(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Nanoscale Magnetite

Magnetite nanoparticles were applied to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solutions as a function of pH, contact time, supporting electrolyte concentration, and analytical initial Ni(II) concentration. The highly crystalline nature of the magnetite structure with diameter of around 10 nm was characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffractometry (XRD). The surface area was determined to be 115.3 m²/g. Surface chemical properties of magnetite at 25°C in aqueous suspensions were investigated. The point of zero charge (pHzpc) was found to be 7.33 and the intrinsic acidity constants (${\rm p}K_{{\rm a}1}^{{\rm s}} $ and ${\rm p}K_{{\rm a}2}^{{\rm s}} $ ) were found to be 9.3 and 5.9, respectively. The surface functional groups were investigated with Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption kinetics and mechanism of Ni(II) by these magnetite nanoparticles. The adsorption process was found to be pH dependent. In NaCl solutions, Ni(II) adsorption increased with increasing ionic strength while in NaClO₄ solutions, Ni(II) adsorption exhibited little dependence on the ionic strength of the solution. The adsorption process better followed the pseudo‐second order equation and Freundlich isotherm.     

9711台风暴雨特征分析

对9711号台风天气形势和物理量场的诊断分析结果表明：东南低空急流和高层的西风急流与台风的相互作用,高层辐散区与低层辐合区同时北抬和重叠,是造成山东地区附近大范围暴雨的主要原因。暴雨区主要位于台风移动前方的右侧。台风的移向与副高的位置及强弱变化有关。