青藏公路铁路沿线生态系统特征及道路修建对其影响

根据2001—08和2002—08月野外调查数据及2001年1：100万中国植被图、1996年1：400万青藏高原植被区划图和2000年青藏铁路沿线自然保护区分布及功能区界调整图，以青藏公路铁路沿线植被生态系统为研究对象，运用ARCVIEW和ARC／INFO软件研究青藏公路铁路建设对沿线生态系统结构的影响，结论如下：①青藏公路铁路南北跨越9个纬度，东西跨越12个经度，共穿越青东祁连山地草原地带、柴达木山地荒漠地带、青南高寒草甸草原地带、羌塘高寒草原地带、果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带和藏南山地灌丛草原地带6个自然区，对植被类型的统计结果显示了地带性。②青藏公路铁路的建设对生态系统产生直接的切割，使景观更加破碎。③青藏公路铁路的建设直接破坏沿线植被生态系统(主要为50m缓冲区内)，年损失总净初级生产量为30504．62t，损失总生物量432919．25～1436104．3t／a。损失总净初级生产量占1km缓冲区年净初级生产量535005．07～535740．11t／a的百分比为5．70％，占10km缓冲区年净初级生产量3408950．45～3810480．92t／a的0．80～0．89％；损失生物量占1km缓冲区生物总量7502971．85～25488342．71t／a的5．70％，占10km缓冲区总生物量43615065．35～164150665．37t／a的0．80％～0．89％。     

Extreme climate events over northern China during the last 50 years

Climate extremes for agriculture-pasture transitional zone, northern China, are analyzed on the basis of daily mean temperature and precipitation observations for 31 stations in the period 1956-2001. Analysis season for precipitation is May-September, i.e., the rainy season. For temperature is the hottest three months, i.e., June through August. Heavy rain events, defined as those with daily precipitation equal to or larger than 50 mm, show no significant secular trend. A jump-like change, however, is found occurring in about 1980. For the period 1980-1993, the frequency of heavy rain events is significantly lower than the previous periods. Simultaneously, the occurring time of heavy rains expanded, commencing about one month early and ending one month later. Long dry spells are defined as those with longer than 10 days without rainfall. The frequency of long dry spells displays a significant (at the 99% confidence level) trend at the value of +8.3%/10a. That may be one of the major causes of the frequent droughts emerging over northern China during the last decades. Extremely hot and low temperature events are defined as the uppermost 10% daily temperatures and the lowest 10% daily temperatures, respectively. There is a weak and non-significant upward trend in frequency of extremely high temperatures from the 1950s to the mid-1990s. But the number of hot events increases as much as twice since 1997. That coincides well with the sudden rise in mean summer temperature for the same period. Contrary to that, the frequency of low temperature events have been decreasing steadily since the 1950s, with a significant linear trend of -15%/10a.     

长江中下游晚中生代中基性岩的铅同位素特征:富集地幔的证据

长江中下游东段庐枞、怀宁、繁昌、铜陵和宁芜地区的中基性岩属于碱性系列 ,具有高的U ,Th含量和Th/Pb ,U/Pb比值 ,分别平均为 2 .82× 10 -6,9.5 6× 10 -6和 0 .6 35 ,0 .184。样品的初始铅同位素 (130Ma)组成为 :(2 0 6Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=17.6 5～ 18.6 0 ,(2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=15 .4 2～ 15 .5 0 ,(2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 4Pb) i=37.6 7～ 38.0 4。形成中基性岩的原始岩浆来源于富集的岩石圈地幔 ,具有EMⅠ和EMⅡ ,且以EMⅡ为主的特征。和长江中下游西段黄石地区以及大别地块西南部玄武岩的比较表明 ,长江中下游地区岩石圈地幔高的Th/Pb和U/Pb比值可能和俯冲板片析出流体的交代有关。晚中生代时期 ,华北板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅠ特征为主 ,华南板块岩石圈地幔以EMⅡ特征为主 ,岩石圈地幔性质的区域性分布与印支期扬子板块深俯冲事件密切相关。虽然中国东部新生代玄武岩因岩石圈大规模减薄表现了亏损特征 ,但残留的富集岩石圈地幔在中国东部新生代玄武岩的Pb同位素中仍有所反映     

高密度电阻率法二维成像方法及其应用

高密度电阻率法在工程勘察和环境监测中是一种很重要的勘探手段，高密度电阻率法二维成像理论与方法的研究在理论和实际应用上都有着很重要的意义。随着地球物理反演和成像技术研究的兴起和发展，层析成像技术在高密度电阻率法中的应用，提高了高密度电阻率法的勘探质量和精度。本文献电阻率法层析成像技术的前提条件及高密度电阻率法二维成像理论与方法进行了粗浅探讨，最后给出了一些应用实例。     

藏北申扎一带下奥陶统拉塞组的发现及意义

吉林省地质调查院在进行1：25万《多巴区幅》区域地质调查时，在西藏北部申扎县一带首次发现一套富含北方珠角石动物群Armenoceras sp.,Wutinoceras sp.,Discoactinoceras multiplerum Kobayashi,Adaomsoceras sp.,Sactoceras sp.,Ordosoceras sp.,Oncoceratida,Ormoceratidae,? Curtoceras sp.,Ormoceras sp.,Liulinoceras sp.,Deiroceras cf.globsom Zholt et Shen及腕足类、牙形刺、苔藓虫、海百合茎等化石的海相碳酸盐岩地层。该地层的岩石组合特征及生物群面貌与区内已知的地层存在明显的差异，其地质时代也明显早于区内已知的其它古生代地层，故建立下奥陶统拉塞组。     

渤海湾老狼坨子海岸带^14C,^137Cs、^210Pb测年与现代沉积速率的加速趋势

通过对渤海湾西岸L剖面中同一关键层的碳酸钙和原生腹足类壳债权的^14C测年对比研究，确定了晚全新世的2800cal BP的层位及沉积速率0.045cm/a;8个样柱的^137Cs和^210Pbex强度、蓄积量揭示了距今约120年来堤后盐沼的平均沉积速率约为0.35cm/a，而面向开放海湾的潮坪上部则达到约2-3cm/a。研究区近1个世纪以来沉积速率的加速趋势，是渤海湾西岸泥质海岸带的特征之一。     

泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带构造特征及油气圈闭有效性

泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带断裂极为发育，主要发育NE向和NWW向两组正断层。NE向断层断距大，延伸距离远；NWW向断层断距相对较小，延伸较短。斜坡带由于构造破碎，断层发育，圈闭类型多为断块、断鼻及断层 岩性复合型圈闭。因此，对北部斜坡带断层的展布和交切规律的研究，是识别该区圈闭的关键。     

Re-Os Age of Cu-Ni Ores from the Huangshandong Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in the East Tianshan Mountains and Its Implication for Geodynamic Processes

An isochron age of 282±20 (95% conf. limit) Ma of the sulfide ores in the Huangshandong Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, the East Tianshan Mountains has been obtained through Re-Os isotopic measurement. The age implies that the Cu-Ni sulfide deposit and other related deposits in the same area occurred in a Permian extensional environment of post-collision instead of Devonian-Early Carboniferous ophiolite-related oceanic or island arc environments inferred before. It shares the same ages with the orogenic and epithermal gold deposit systems in the same area. An initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.25±0.04 (1σ) and a γos value of 99 on average display the participation of large quantities of crustal components into the rock-forming and ore-forming system during mineralization and magmatic emplacement.     

甘肃夏河—合作地区金矿特征及找矿思路

本文对甘肃夏河—合作地区的地层、构造、岩浆岩等与成矿有关的因素进行了综述 ,主要对已发现的金矿的类型及其特征进行了总结。该地区金矿类型主要为构造蚀变岩型、微细浸染型 ,矿床严格受构造控制。提出了今后的找矿思路和方向     

格尔木地磁台观测环境测试与分析

通过实验测试和计算，分析了高压输出电线等干扰源对格尔木地磁台观测环境的影响，进一步对格尔木地磁台观测环境现状，及今后观测环境保护工作的要点进行了综合分析讨论。