论渔业法之未取得或违反船网工具指标造船违法行为的法律责任

船舶是渔业生产、水上运输的重要工具,我国对渔业船舶借助船网工具控制指标管理模式达到对渔船数量和功率数控制的“双控”管理,但实践中碍于很多因素还存在未取得或违反船网工具指标造船的现象,这一行为对水域交通安全、渔业生产安全、渔业资源保护3个方面都存在安全隐患。文章主要梳理现行法律法规对这一行为的规定并简要分析其法律责任,建议在处罚幅度中增加处罚下限。     

测绘地物波谱本底数据库

地物波谱特性是利用遥感进行建模反演和地物目标探测识别的理论基础,波谱数据库对于提高遥感应用水平有重要作用。为规范和丰富中国波谱数据库并促进其在测绘等领域的应用,依托国家科技性基础专项,建立了“测绘地物波谱本底数据库”,在数据规范编制、波谱数据采集实验与整编入库、地物波谱数据库建设和应用示范初步探索方面取得重要进展。在波谱数据采集和处理的标准规范方面,建立完善了测绘地物波谱与配套非波谱数据收集与汇总标准、测绘地物波谱和配套非波谱参数测试技术规范、测绘地物波谱库地物分类编码规范。依照项目制定的数据规范标准,对现有波谱数据进行了整编和入库,共计整编数据1.4万余条;组织实施了全国范围的典型地物波谱采集实验以及相应配套参数测量实验,主要试验类型包括典型地物波谱测量试验、定点时间序列测量试验、多尺度测量试验、全波段测量试验、参数控制测量试验和无人机观测试验等,共计获取地物波谱1.7万余条。特别是在华北和东北进行了全波段观测试验（可见光—近红外波（0.35—2.5 μm）、红外波段（3—15 μm）、微波波段（Ka、K、X、C、L波段））,获取冰雪、土壤、植被冠层、人工目标的全波段数据。为方便波谱数据的应用和共享,项目建设了包含3万余条数据的测绘地物波谱本底数据库（GOSPEL）及数据共享平台。依据地物波谱数据的类型和应用需求,形成了全波段典型地物波谱数据集、多角度光谱反射率数据集、多尺度典型地物反射率数据集、长时间系列波谱数据集等共25个特色数据集。基于测绘地物波谱本底数据库进行了地物分类、遥感机理模拟、遥感定量反演、遥感产品验证等方面的应用示范。     

基于时相变化的晴空条件下Himawari-8 AHI火点检测

Himawari-8静止气象卫星具有高空间分辨率、高观测频次和高时效特点,对于火点检测具有很强优势。对Himawari-8卫星的3.9μm和11.2μm两通道亮温进行了连续时相变化研究,得出两通道的亮温在时间上的变化差值稳定且规律明显。根据两通道的亮温时相特征,考虑白天可见光对3.9μm通道的影响,并结合火点产生时引起的亮温变化特征,提出了适用于晴空条件下改进的火点检测算法。在多处进行了此算法的实验,例如2018-11-27 T 16:40(UTC时)河北张家口市桥东区一化工厂附近发生的严重爆炸起火事件以及2019-02-28澳大利亚西南部发生的火灾事件,均快速有效的检测到了火点。实验表明,改进的火点检测算法能很好的进行火点检测,并能解决晨昏交界、冰雪下垫面、常规火源点、太阳耀光等火点检测的难题。     

中国海洋无脊椎动物分类学与系统演化研究进展与展望

综述了我国海域无脊椎动物的分类学和系统演化研究的历史和概况,以及我国分类系统学工作者在海洋无脊椎动物分类学、区系与动物地理学、系统发育与分子系统学领域的主要工作,重点介绍了中国科学院海洋研究所的海洋无脊椎动物分类学工作。涉及类群包括原生动物、海绵动物、刺胞动物、线虫、多毛类环节动物、星虫、螠虫、软体动物、节肢动物、苔藓动物、毛颚动物、棘皮动物、半索动物等主要的无脊椎动物门类。涉及海域以我国管辖海域,特别是中国近海为主,也涉及了西太平洋、西南印度洋等深海环境的无脊椎动物类群的分类学报道。本文总结过去,展望未来,对于在我国在海洋无脊椎动物分类与系统演化研究领域成就基础上,发现薄弱环节,研讨今后本学科的发展方向,填补研究空白,赶超本领域国际前沿,都有重要借鉴意义。     

前墙结构对OWC气室捕能效果影响的数值研究

基于不可压缩黏性流体理论和VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法建立了二维数值波浪水槽模型,将模拟波形与波浪理论值进行对比,分析了模型可靠性,并利用该模型研究了5种不同前墙结构OWC气室在不同波高、周期时的出气口速度和气室内空气压强。基于模拟结果,从波能-动能转换效率和气室内空气压强角度分析了前墙结构对OWC气室的捕能效果的影响。结果表明:对于传统的直立型OWC气室,采用合适的前墙结构可有效提高OWC气室的捕能效果;相比三角截面(20D型,30D型)和矩形(Y型)截面前墙,采用椭圆截面(20TY型,30TY型)的前墙结构的捕能效果更优,且在周期较大(1.6和1.8 s)时其作用更显著,其波能-动能转换率相对Y型前墙结构气室平均提升37%;5种前墙结构不同的气室中,20TY型和30TY型前墙结构气室的捕能效果最优。     

Comparative studies on carbon origin of dawsonite between Hailaer Basin in China and Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney basin system in Australia

Dawsonite, NaAlCO3(OH)2, is widespread as a cement, replacement and cavity filling in Hailaer Basin in China and Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney (BGS) basin system in Australia. The origin of dawsonite is emphatically contrasted and analyzed through stable isotopic composition. Dawsonite δ13C values ranging from -4.0×10-3 to 4.1×10-3 are remarkably consistent through the BGS basin system. The calculated δ13C values of CO2 gas in isotopic equilibrium with dawsonite range from -11.3×10-3 to -4.6×10-3. These values indicate carbon of dawsonite came from inorganic CO2 gas accompanied by magmatic activity. In Hailaer Basin, the Dawsonite δ13C values ranging from -4.64×10-3 to 2.12×10-3 are also consistent. The calculated δ13C values of CO2 gas in isotopic equilibrium with dawsonite range from -11.82×10-3 to -5.11×10-3. According to the coincidence of dawsonite-bearing well and CO2 gas well with mantle source,lying along deep fracture within or adjacent to Yanshanian granite,it is concluded that CO2 gas forming dawsonite is derived from mantle related to magmatic process during the Yanshanian. A little biologic origin carbon owing to petroleum charging intervened when dawsonite formed.     

珠江三角洲地区活动断裂探查方法浅析

活动断裂是指晚第四纪以来活动过的断裂,它威胁到人类生命财产安全。该文通过文献调研,结合珠江三角洲基底断裂探查研究项目的实际工作,介绍了地面地质调查、浅层地震、断层气测量、钻探及连孔剖面、断裂物质测年、历史地震分析等活动断裂探查方法,以及这些方法的优缺点,并指出了目前活动断裂探查存在的一些问题,提出了建议。     

Photosynthetic response of floating Ulva prolifera to diurnal changes of in-situ environments on the sea surface

During yellow sea green tide outbreak, the thalli of Ulva prolifera drifted more than 350 km on the sea surface from off shore of Jiangsu Province to Qingdao city, where they were exposed to complex changes of local environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of the thalli to diurnal changes of environments on the sea surface, and a sea surface environment simulator (SSES) was designed to simulate the natural environment of floating U . prolifera mat. A control experiment is designed in the laboratory, which was processed under suitable conditions (20°C for temperature, 72 μmol photons/(m 2 ·s) for light intensity and 30 for salinity), and an in-situ research was conducted to study the photosynthetic responses of floating U . prolifera to diurnal changes of environments. The results show that the photosynthetic efficiency of the thalli decreased gradually with time, and decreased rapidly after 14:00 local time (LT). After exposed to the environment on the sea surface for 6 h, the photosynthetic activity of the thalli decreased significantly. Furthermore, physiological-level and molecular-level experiments revealed that non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), cyclic electron flow (CEF) and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII all played an important role in the strong photosynthetic plasticity of U . prolifera . NPQ is the most important photoprotective responses to environmental changes before 12:00 LT. The results also confirmed that the CEF and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII are the main synergistic eff ects for the thalli to adapt to the environmental changes when the process NPQ cannot work. And the result can further reveal the reason why U . prolifera can adapt to the living condition of long distance drift on the sea surface. The findings of this research could provide a theoretical basis for explaining outbreaks of the green tide and instructing the management of the problem.     

银河系铝元素丰度研究

恒星的Al元素丰度可以为探索星团和星系的化学演化提供重要线索.通过系统分析银河系薄盘、厚盘、核球、银晕以及M4、M5等球状星团中恒星的[Al/Fe]随恒星金属丰度[Fe/H]的变化趋势,得出银河系薄盘、厚盘和核球恒星的[Al/Fe]随着[Fe/H]的增加而缓慢下降,而球状星团M4和M5恒星的[Al/Fe]随[Fe/H]增加没有下降趋势,这暗示Ia超新星对M4和M5恒星元素丰度的贡献比较小.详细研究了银河系恒星[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]、[Na/Fe]的相关性,结果表明银河系场星的[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]正相关,但在球状星团M4和M5恒星中未见此相关性;银河系盘星及M4和M5等球状星团恒星的[Al/Fe]与[Na/Fe]都存在正相关.     

组合粗差探测的MHSS ARAIM算法

针对目前MHSS ARAIM (multiple hypothesis solution separation advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring)算法存在的抗差能力弱、计算子集过多、计算量过大等不足,提出一种组合粗差探测的MHSS ARAIM算法。该算法先用粗差探测方法对原始数据进行粗差识别与剔除,而后用MHSS ARAIM算法处理经粗差探测后的数据,可弥补MHSS ARAIM算法的不足。对若干IGS和全球连续监测评估系统iGMAS(international GNSS monitoring and assessment system)监测站观测数据进行计算和分析。结果表明:在航行LPV-200阶段,该算法应用于GPS和BDS导航的性能优于MHSS ARAIM;在假设单故障情况下,该算法对GPS和BDS观测数据的有效监视门限EMT(effective monitor threshold)的精度分别提高了22.47%和9.63%,对VPL(vertical protection level)的精度分别提高了32.28%和12.98%;在假设双故障情况下,对EMT的精度分别提高了80.85%和29.88%,对VPL的精度分别提高了49.66%和18.24%。