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991.
在低温环境下采用强制通风堆肥技术对消化污泥和玉米秸秆进行了堆肥化处理。在环境温度为9~15℃和初始C/N比为19.61情况下,第4天堆体温度达到最高温度60℃,堆体温度保持55℃以上时间为9d。污泥堆肥过程中总有机碳和C/N比下降明显,而NO3--N和重金属含量升高。pH值、电导率、NH4+-N、纤维素酶和脲酶的活性呈先增加后降低的趋势。种子发芽指数在第35天达到84.14%。研究结果表明,消化污泥和玉米秸秆强制通风堆肥在35d达到了腐熟要求。 相似文献
992.
993.
采用零次差分简化动力法对CHAMP卫星GPS相位观测资料进行精密轨道计算,并将计算结果与CHAMP快速轨道进行比对.结果表明X,Y、Z方向差值均方根为0.061 m,0.060 m与0.066 m,精度达到了厘米级;同时利用全球人卫激光观测数据对所求轨道进行验证,表明其精度优于20 cm. 相似文献
994.
Min Kyung Lee Yong Il Lee Hyoun Soo Lim Jae Il Lee Jeong Heon Choi Ho Il Yoon 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2011,45(2):127-135
Both radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods were applied to test their suitability for establishing
a chronology of arid-zone lacustrine sediments using a 5.88-m-long core drilled from Lake Ulaan, southern Mongolia. Although
the radiocarbon and OSL ages agree in some samples, the radiocarbon ages are older than the corresponding OSL ages at the
550-cm depth horizon (late Pleistocene) and in the 100–300-cm interval (early to late Holocene). In the early to late Holocene,
radiocarbon ages are consistently older than OSL ages by 4,100–5,800 years, and in the late Pleistocene by 2,700–3,000 years.
Grain-size analysis of early to late Holocene sediments and one late Pleistocene sediment sample (550-cm depth) indicates
that eolian processes were the dominant sediment-transport mechanism. Also, two late Pleistocene sediments samples (from 400-
to 500-cm depths) are interpreted to have been deposited by both eolian and glaciofluvial processes. Accordingly, the radiocarbon
ages that were older than the corresponding OSL ages during the Holocene seem to have been a consequence of the influx of
14C-deficient carbon delivered from adjacent soils and Paleozoic carbonate rocks by the westerly winds, a process that is also
active today. In addition to the input of old reworked carbon by eolian processes, the late Pleistocene sediments were also
influenced by old carbon delivered by deglacial meltwater. The results of this study suggest that when eolian sediment transport
is suspected, especially in lakes of arid environments, the OSL dating method is superior to the radiocarbon dating method,
as it eliminates a common ‘old-carbon’ error problem. 相似文献
995.
996.
Characteristics and mechanism of concentrated unloading in bank slope of Yangqu hydropower station 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the study of field background, tectonic evolution and development history of the Yellow River valley, the authors made an in-depth study of the distribution and formation mechanism of the deep concentrated unloading of a typical bank slope developed in broad basin, and found that the concentrated unloading ranges from 2520 to 2650 m at El, the horizontal depth is 40 to 90 m in left bank and 40 to 60 m in right bank. It showed that these deep cracks in concentrated unloading zone generally dip towards the river or to the inner slope with high angle, and the cause of formation due to the category of unloading. The concentrated unloading is the product of the epigenetic deformation along the original tectonic structural planes accompanied by the stress release of slope during the formation process of river bank slope. 相似文献
997.
In the context of carbon capture and storage, deep underground injection of CO2 induces the geomechanical changes within and around the injection zone and their impact on CO2 storage security should be evaluated. In this study, we conduct coupled multiphase fluid flow and geomechanical modeling to investigate such geomechanical changes, focusing on probabilistic analysis of injection-induced fracture reactivation (such as shear slip) that could lead to enhanced permeability and CO2 migration across otherwise low-permeability caprock formations. Fracture reactivation in terms of shear slip was analyzed by implicitly considering the fracture orientations generated using the Latin hypercube sampling method, in one case using published fracture statistics from a CO2 storage site. The analysis was conducted by a coupled multiphase fluid flow and geomechanical simulation to first calculate the three-dimensional stress evolution during a hypothetical CO2 injection operation and then evaluate the probability of shear slip considering the statistical fracture distribution and a Coulomb failure analysis. We evaluate the probability of shear slip at different points within the injection zone and in the caprock just above the injection zone and relate this to the potential for opening of new flow paths through the caprock. Our analysis showed that a reverse faulting stress field would be most favorable for avoiding fracture shear reactivation, but site-specific analyses will be required because of strong dependency of the local stress field and fracture orientations. 相似文献
998.
Analysis of an anti-dip landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Runqiu Huang Jianjun Zhao Nengpan Ju Guo Li Min Lee Lee Yanrong Li 《Natural Hazards》2013,68(2):1021-1039
The Guantan landslide, with a total displaced mass of about 468 × 104 m3, was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and succeeding rainfall in Jushui Town, Sichuan Province, China. The landslide occurred on an anti-dip hard rock slope with a weak rock founding stratum of 200 m in thickness. To investigate the failure mechanism of the Guantan landslide, dynamic behaviors of hard and soft rock slopes were investigated by means of large scale shaking table tests. The laboratory models attempted to simulate the field geological conditions of the Guantan landslide. Sinusoidal waves and actual seismic waves measured from the Wenchuan Earthquake were applied on the slope models under 37 loading configurations. The experimental results indicated that deformation mainly developed at a shallow depth in the upper part of the hard rock slope and in the upper (near the crest) and lower (near the toe) parts of the soft rock slope. An equation for predicting the depth of sliding plane was proposed based on the location of the maximum horizontal acceleration. Finally, it was concluded that the failure process of the Guantan landslide occurred in three stages: (1) toppling failure caused by compression of the underlying soft rock strata, (2) formation of crushed hard rock and sliding surface in soft rock as the result of seismic shocks, particularly in the horizontal direction, and (3) aftershock rainfall accelerates the process of mass movement along the sliding plane. 相似文献
999.
The spatial variability of streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity in an intermittent river, northwestern China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Leilei Min Jingjie Yu Changming Liu Juntao Zhu Ping Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(3):873-883
Streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (K) plays an important role in river water and groundwater interaction. The K at the ten transects (Ts1–Ts10) at the Donghe River (an intermittent river) in the Ejina Basin, northwestern China, was measured to investigate its spatial variation. Based on the sediment characteristics and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed, the entire riverbed of the Donghe River could be divided arbitrarily into two parts: an upper part (starting at Ts1 and ending at Ts9, without an obvious and continuous clogging layer) and a lower part (the remaining riverbed, with an obvious and continuous clogging layer). In the upper part, although the K varied with depth within the 0–30 cm layer, the variability with depth could be ignored in practice. The arithmetic mean K of the upper part ranged from 12 to 27.6 m/day, three orders of magnitude larger than that of the lower part (0.06 m/day). The change of K along the river cross section was significant, and larger values of K often occurred in the parts of the channels with greater water depth. However, there were no consistent patterns of the variability of K at transects across the river, which was influenced by the variation in streambed characteristics. The results could be useful for the estimation of groundwater recharge from river and groundwater resources evaluation in the Ejina Basin. 相似文献
1000.
为研究利津洼陷沙四上亚段深部砂岩成岩环境,对岩心样品进行偏光、荧光、阴极发光显微镜和扫描电镜观察,辅以粘土矿物含量、元素含量测试.识别出酸性和碱性2种成岩环境,酸性环境以硅质沉淀、碳酸盐矿物溶解、长石溶解或蚀变为高岭石等现象组合为标志,碱性环境以碳酸盐矿物沉淀、长石次生加大、石英溶解等现象组合为标志.总体演化为:同生期,原始沉积流体造成碱性环境;早成岩期,未熟有机质演化形成短期的酸性环境,继承流体形成主体的碱性环境;中成岩A1期(埋深约2700~3200m),有机质成熟形成酸性环境;中成岩A2期(埋深约3200~4200m),深部断裂活动形成碱性环境;中成岩B期(埋深约4200~4400m),第二期充注油气的热演化形成酸性环境. 相似文献