土钉抗拔承载力计算方法

土钉抗拔承载力是影响土钉设计的关键指标,规范给出的计算方法具有较大的随意性。土钉的极限抗拔承载力受到钉土界面强度、土钉周围土体强度、上部土压力以及土钉杆体材料等因素的影响,本文根据不同情况把土钉拉拔的破坏方式分为4种:(1)沿钉土界面上发生的圆柱形剪切破坏;(2)沿土钉周围土体内部发生土体形剪切破坏;(3)破坏面部分位于钉土界面部分位于土钉周围土体的复合剪切破坏;(4)由于土钉杆体材料屈服发生的破坏。基于摩尔库伦准则,假定土体中侧向压力沿土钉杆体方向线性变化,本文推导了发生土体剪切破坏、复合剪切破坏时的土钉抗拔极限承载力计算公式,通过计算实例表明在大多数粘性土中土钉极限抗拔的破坏方式为土体剪切破坏。     

Garnet-bearing tonalitic porphyry from East Kunlun,Northeast Tibetan Plateau: implications for adakite and magmas from the MASH Zone

A garnet-bearing tonalitic porphyry from the Achiq Kol area, northeast Tibetan Plateau has been dated by SHRIMP U-Pb zircon techniques and gives a Late Triassic age of 213 ± 3 Ma. The porphyry contains phenocrysts of Ca-rich, Mn-poor garnet (CaO > 5 wt%; MnO < 3 wt%), Al-rich hornblende (Al₂O₃ ~ 15.9 wt%), plagioclase and quartz, and pressure estimates for hornblende enclosing the garnet phenocrysts yield values of 8–10 kbar, indicating a minimum pressure for the garnet. The rock has SiO₂ of 60–63 wt%, low MgO (<2.0 wt%), K₂O (<1.3 wt%), but high Al₂O₃ (>17 wt%) contents, and is metaluminous to slightly peraluminous (ACNK = 0.89–1.05). The rock samples are enriched in LILE and LREE but depleted in Nb and Ti, showing typical features of subduction-related magmas. The relatively high Sr/Y (~38) ratios and low HREE (Yb < 0.8 ppm) contents suggest that garnet is a residual phase, while suppressed crystallization of plagioclase and lack of negative Eu anomalies indicate a high water fugacity in the magma. Nd–Sr isotope compositions of the rock (εNd_T = −1.38 to −2.33; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i = 0.7065–0.7067) suggest that both mantle- and crust-derived materials were involved in the petrogenesis, which is consistent with the reverse compositional zoning of plagioclase, interpreted to indicate magma mixing. Both garnet phenocrysts and their ilmenite inclusions contain low MgO contents which, in combination with the oxygen isotope composition of garnet separates (+6.23‰), suggests that these minerals formed in a lower crust-derived felsic melt probably in the MASH zone. Although the rock samples are similar to adakitic rocks in many aspects, their moderate Sr contents (<260 ppm) and La/Yb ratios (mostly 16–21) are significantly lower than those of adakitic rocks. Because of high partition coefficients for Sr and LREE, fractionation of apatite at an early stage in the evolution of the magma may have effectively decreased both Sr and LREE in the residual melt. It is suggested that extensive crystallization of apatite as an early phase may prevent some arc magmas from evolving into adakitic rocks even under high water fugacity.     

区域建设中规划、土地、市政等专业数据整合应用基础研究

城市建设中,各市委、局、办之间协作和业务往来时,涉及数据种类繁多,使用频繁,重复建设严重.本文探讨了如何整合协同来源于不同部门的数据,实现建设部门之间的数据共享与高效服务.     

上派河大桥控制爆破拆除的施工实践

运用控制爆破技术,成功完成对悬臂钢筋混凝土斜拉桥爆破拆除,其布孔、装药、防护等方面为同类工程提供了参考作用。     

准噶尔盆地腹部地区头屯河组储层特征研究

近年来,头屯河组已成为准噶尔盆地腹部地区勘探主要目的层系.该区头屯河组主要为河流相沉积,储层以岩屑砂岩和长石砂岩为主,含高岭石、绿泥石等粘土矿物.主要储集空间类型为粒间孔隙、粒内孔隙和微裂缝.通过分析,确定该组段储层为低渗-中渗型储层,影响物性主要因素有原始沉积作用、后生成岩作用和构造作用等.     

面目标间拓扑关系形式化描述的层次模型

拓扑关系形式化描述和区分的标准是拓扑不变量.在4交差模型的基础上,通过对两面目标边界交集的信息深入分析,提出具有不同分类能力的拓扑不变量,分别是维数、分离数、分量类型和分量排列顺序,并依次建立相应的形式化描述模型.这些模型都是在其分类层次上对面目标间拓扑关系的完备描述,并且它们的区分能力是层次递进的.     

远洋渔船动态监控系统研究

针对远洋渔业生产中的渔船监控问题,以卫星通讯、GIS、GPS、数据库等技术手段为支撑,进行了远洋渔船GPS动态监控系统的研究和开发工作。本文在介绍了系统总体框架的基础上,系统阐述了通讯文件的解包和数据质量的控制过程,并对渔船的动态监视和轨迹分析功能进行了论述。     

生态建设背景下三江源自然保护区生态系统服务价值变化

青海三江源是我国淡水资源的重要补给地,也是全国生态保护和建设工程的重点实施区域,对其开展生态恢复过程的生态系统服务价值变化研究,有利于揭示生态保护和建设工程的实施效果。在构建三江源生态系统服务价值评估指标体系的基础上,选择生态工程前后两个时间段(2000年和2008年),采用物质量和价值量相结合的方法对三江源自然保护区生态系统服务价值进行了评估和对比分析,结果表明:2000—2008年保护区生态系统服务总价值呈现明显的增长趋势,8 a间一共增加1.68×1010元。保护区草地生态系统的整体质量状况大幅度提升,生态系统服务价值增加48.69%,是由生态建设和气候因子变化共同作用的结果;森林生态系统服务价值增加12.71%,主要跟森林区域水热条件的改善有关;水体与湿地生态系统服务价值在8 a间减少56.08%,关键是由区域气温升高和降水量减少所致,而非人为因素的影响;2000—2008年间,保护区人口数量增加了26.08%,较高的人口增长压力促使大量的草地被开垦为农田,导致农田面积增加392.52%,从而引起农田生态系统服务价值大幅波动。     

A new discovery of transition rules for cellular automata by using cuckoo search algorithm

This paper presents an intelligent approach to discover transition rules for cellular automata (CA) by using cuckoo search (CS) algorithm. CS algorithm is a novel evolutionary search algorithm for solving optimization problems by simulating breeding behavior of parasitic cuckoos. Each cuckoo searches the best upper and lower thresholds for each attribute as a zone. When the zones of all attributes are connected by the operator ‘And’ and linked with a cell status value, one CS-based transition rule is formed by using the explicit expression of ‘if-then’. With two distinct advantages of efficient random walk of Lévy flights and balanced mixing, CS algorithm performs well in both local search and guaranteed global convergence. Furthermore, the CA model with transition rules derived by CS algorithm (CS-CA) has been applied to simulate the urban expansion of Nanjing City, China. The simulation produces encouraging results, in terms of numeric accuracy and spatial distribution, in agreement with the actual patterns. Preliminary results suggest that this CS approach is well suitable for discovering reliable transition rules. The model validation and comparison show that the CS-CA model gets a higher accuracy than NULL, BCO-CA, PSO-CA, and ACO-CA models. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of applying CS algorithm to discover transition rules of CA for simulating geographical systems.