青海治多多彩地区火山岩岩石特征

多彩地区处于西金乌兰-义敦晚三叠世岛弧带的东段,成矿区带位于三江成矿带的北西段,区内已发现了尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床和拉迪欧玛铜矿点.重点分析了与该区成矿关系密切的火山岩的岩石特征,初步恢复了该区火山岩的喷发环境和火山机构,并探讨了火山活动与成矿的关系.研究表明,本区火山岩主要为英安岩及英安质火山碎屑岩,其次为安山岩、安山质火山碎屑岩.火山岩微量元素具有富集亲石元素Rb、Sr、Th及亲铁元素Co、Ni,亲Cu元素Zr与参照值相近,V、Ba元素的含量高于地壳的丰度值,Sc、Cr等元素亏损的特征.中-酸性火山岩稀土总量较高,稀土配分曲线上普遍出现Eu负异常,总体特征与造山带火山岩相似,火山岩相为溢流相.本区海相火山喷发发生在浅海地带,火山岩构造环境总体属于岛弧环境.成矿作用主要与古火山机构和后期动力变质作用有关.     

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Latest Cretaceous Intrusive Rocks from the Eastern Gangdese Belt, Southeast Tibet

The latest Cretaceous magmatic activity in the eastern segment of the Lhasa terrane provides important insights for tracking the magma source and geodynamic setting of the eastern Gangdese batholith, eastward of eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. Detailed petrological, geochemical and geochronological studies of the intrusive rocks (monzodiorites and granodiorites) of the eastern Gangdese batholith are presented with monzodiorites and granodiorites giving zircon U–Pb crystallization dates of 70–66 Ma and 71–66 Ma with εHf(t) values of ?4.8 to +6.2 and ?1.9 to +5.3, respectively. These rocks are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous I-type granites showing geochemically arc-related features of enrichment in LREEs and some LILEs, e.g., Rb, Th, and U, and depletion in HREEs and some HFSEs, e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti. The rocks are interpreted to be derived from partial melting of mantle material and juvenile crust, respectively, which are proposed to be triggered by Neo-Tethyan slab rollback during northward subduction, with both experiencing ancient crustal contamination. The studied intrusive rocks formed in a transitional geodynamic setting caused by Neo-Tethyan oceanic flat subduction to slab rollback beneath the eastern Gangdese belt during the latest Cretaceous.     

山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩LA-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘晋西挠褶带临县紫金山杂岩体进行了锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb年代学及地球化学研究。锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb测得紫金山碱性杂岩的结晶年龄为138.3±1.1Ma（MSWD=2.3,9个样品点）;地球化学研究表明该套火成岩富碱（K2O＋Na2O=8.60%～15.62%）,强烈富集大离子亲石元素和LREE、具有Eu正异常,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,高Nb/Ta比值（16.85～18.19）,表明岩石起源于交代富集地幔的部分熔融。结合区域地质背景,文章提出紫金山碱性杂岩可能是早白垩世华北克拉通大规模伸展背景下由交代富集地幔部分熔融作用的产物,该期岩石圈深部的强烈岩浆—热活动是鄂尔多斯盆地燕山晚期构造热事件发生的主要原因。     

碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构的影响因素与储层参数的定量评价

近几年,在海外区块遇到了大量的孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层。由于岩性复杂,孔隙类型多样,致使其孔隙结构十分复杂,储层参数难以准确计算,油气储量难以客观评价。文中针对研究靶区这一类型的碳酸盐岩储层,首先从沉积作用和成岩作用两个方面分析了孔隙结构的影响因素,得出在不同岩性之间,孔隙类型之间的差异是造成孔隙结构存在较大差异的主要原因。而在同种岩性之间,泥质含量的增加会降低孔隙结构的品质。另外,成岩作用对颗粒粒径较大的岩石的影响更大一些。其次,讨论了储层参数的定量评价,由于不同类型孔隙的共存,导致孔隙度相似,而渗透率、饱和度等储层参数却存在较大差异。针对这一问题,指出了可以采用核磁和成像等特殊测井资料来表征不同类型孔隙的数值分布,利用三维数字化成像技术来展示不同类型孔隙的空间分布,为储层参数的准确计算和油气储量的客观评价奠定基础。     

凉山瓦西乡南红玉中的赤铁矿包裹体特征与成因

瓦西乡产出的南红玉中的红色点状及火焰纹典型包裹体分别是石英中的红色球粒与红色管状包裹体。鏡下及扫描电镜(SEM)研究,红色球粒分布在"三色"层水晶的菱面体单形晶面的间歇层面中,由红色核、黑色壳和红色表层组成;火焰纹管状包裹体主要出现在条带水晶中,管的方向垂直水晶的菱面体晶面,管的内壁呈黑色,外壳为红色。其球粒表层或管外壳的颜色、厚度及透光性则直接影响南红的颜色质量与润泽性。研究表明,球粒状和火焰状包裹体主要由片状、鳞片状或板片状赤铁矿组成;球粒圈层中的赤铁矿晶体c轴取向呈规律变化,可能与其V2O5含量有关。据水晶晶体中的球粒、管及共生矿物绿帘石、黄铜矿包裹体的红外光谱(IR)及流体包裹体均一法测温与激光拉曼(LRS)分析,球或管的赤铁矿属含有机质的低温热液(约160℃)成因,成矿溶液中的有机质也是促使铁氧化物凝聚形成具不同圈层结构的红色球粒与管的主要原因。有机质可能来自下二叠统茅口组碳酸盐。     

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen,Oxygen, Sulfur Isotopes of Nuri Cu‐W‐Mo Deposit in the Southern Gangdese,Tibet

The Nuri Cu‐W‐Mo deposit is located in the southern subzone of the Cenozoic Gangdese Cu‐Mo metallogenic belt. The intrusive rocks exposed in the Nuri ore district consist of quartz diorite, granodiorite, monzogranite, granite porphyry, quartz diorite porphyrite and granodiorite porphyry, all of which intrude in the Cretaceous strata of the Bima Group. Owing to the intense metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration, carbonate rocks of the Bima Group form stratiform skarn and hornfels. The mineralization at the Nuri deposit is dominated by skarn, quartz vein and porphyry type. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, scheelite, bornite and tetrahedrite, etc. The oxidized orebodies contain malachite and covellite on the surface. The mineralization of the Nuri deposit is divided into skarn stage, retrograde stage, oxide stage, quartz‐polymetallic sulfide stage and quartz‐carbonate stage. Detailed petrographic observation on the fluid inclusions in garnet, scheelite and quartz from the different stages shows that there are four types of primary fluid inclusions: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO₂‐rich inclusions and single‐phase inclusions. The homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusions are 280°C–386°C (skarn stage), 200°C–340°C (oxide stage), 140°C–375°C (quartz‐polymetallic sulfide stage) and 160°C–280°C (quartz‐carbonate stage), showing a temperature decreasing trend from the skarn stage to the quartz‐carbonate stage. The salinity of the corresponding stages are 2.9%–49.7 wt% (NaCl) equiv., 2.1%–7.2 wt% (NaCl) equiv._, 2.6%–55.8 wt% (NaCl) equiv. and 1.2%–15.3 wt% (NaCl) equiv., respectively. The analyses of CO₂‐rich inclusions suggest that the ore‐forming pressures are 22.1 M Pa–50.4 M Pa, corresponding to the depth of 0.9 km–2.2 km. The Laser Raman spectrum of the inclusions shows the fluid compositions are dominated in H₂O, with some CO₂ and very little CH₄, N₂, etc. δD values of garnet are between ?114.4‰ and ?108.7‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O between 5.9‰ and 6.7‰; δD of scheelite range from ?103.2‰ to ?101.29‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O values between 2.17‰ and 4.09‰; δD of quartz between ?110.2‰ and ?92.5‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O between ?3.5‰ and 4.3‰. The results indicate that the fluid came from a deep magmatic hydrothermal system, and the proportion of meteoric water increased during the migration of original fluid. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides, concentrated in a rage between ?0.32‰ to 2.5‰, show that the sulfur has a homogeneous source with characteristics of magmatic sulfur. The characters of fluid inclusions, combined with hydrogen‐oxygen and sulfur isotopes data, show that the ore‐forming fluids of the Nuri deposit formed by a relatively high temperature, high salinity fluid originated from magma, which mixed with low temperature, low salinity meteoric water during the evolution. The fluid flow through wall carbonate rocks resulted in the formation of layered skarn and generated CO₂ or other gases. During the reaction, the ore‐forming fluid boiled and produced fractures when the pressure exceeded the overburden pressure. Themeteoric water mixed with the ore‐forming fluid along the fractures. The boiling changed the pressure and temperature, oxygen fugacity, physical and chemical conditions of the whole mineralization system. The escape of CO₂ from the fluid by boiling resulted in scheelite precipitation. The fluid mixing and boiling reduced the solubility of metal sulfides and led the precipitation of chalcopyrite, molybdenite, pyrite and other sulfide.     

冈底斯驱龙斑岩铜钼矿床的岩浆侵位中心和矿化中心:破裂裂隙和矿化强度证据

驱龙斑岩铜钼矿床是迄今为止在西藏冈底斯成矿带上发现的规模最大的铜矿床.文章根据对驱龙矿区各类岩石破裂裂隙的野外实测数据,结合矿区已有钻孔品位资料,分别绘制了矿区地表破裂裂隙等值线图、走向投影图及梅花图、钻孔5 000 m海拔标高水平切面Cu、Mo品位等值线图.研究结果表明,驱龙斑岩铜钼矿床的岩石中破裂裂隙相当发育,连成一片,没有明显的多个高值中心,空间上破裂裂隙呈放射状产出;5 000 m海拔标高水平切面显示Cu、Mo矿化较强、较均匀,矿化呈面状,为典型的由单一斑岩体侵位造成的中心式矿化特征.据破裂裂隙和Cu、Mo矿化空间分布,可确定驱龙矿区岩浆中心和矿化中心均位于钻孔405、1205、801、809所围成的矩形区域附近.     

陕西青山金矿床黄铁矿的标型特征研究及矿床成因探讨

陕西青山微细浸染型金矿床中的主要矿石矿物黄铁矿具有标型意义,研究表明,富金矿段的黄铁矿具有颜色暗黄-灰黄、颗粒细小破碎、晶形差,为五角十二面体和复杂聚形、亏硫与铁的特点。矿区矿源层为含炭热水沉积岩层组成的黑色岩系,具有热水沉积成矿预富集-韧脆性构造叠加-大气降水为主的含矿热液改造的类卡林型金矿床的成矿特点,富金细粒黄铁矿是地下热卤水与大气降水热液两种流体混合与沸腾使物理化学条件瞬变的产物。     

藏南江孜盆地构造演化的石英ESR测年证据

江孜盆地是特提斯喜马拉雅构造带北部典型的中新生代沉积盆地。对该盆地东段构造剖面(哲古错-措美南)的石英脉进行ESR测年,获得的年龄分布区间为63.8～4.3Ma,对应于古新世早期-上新世早期。测年结果对于江孜盆地断裂活动的多期性及盆地新生代的构造演化具有重要约束意义,表明江孜盆地的构造演化可划分为盆地主体构造形成(古新世初期)、构造定型(始新世晚期—中新世晚期)和构造改造(上新世及之后)3个主要阶段。     

东非鲁武马盆地始新统超深水重力流砂岩储层特征及成因

鲁武马盆地古近系-新近系发育多套超深水、超大型、富含天然气藏的重力流沉积砂体。以始新统砂体为解剖对象,分析区内重力流砂岩储层特征及成因。结果表明砂体以巨厚层状产出于深海泥岩内部,并与周围泥岩截然接触,测井曲线表现出宏观均一性;岩心揭示此类巨厚砂体是由多期单砂体叠置而成,单砂体是由底部高密度颗粒流和顶部低密度浊流两部分组成,且经历过强底流改造。鲁武马河流三角洲强大物源供给决定了区内砂体分布面积和体积规模;深海滑塌、块体搬运等重力流沉积过程控制了沉积体粒序构造和内部结构;海底区域性强底流持续冲刷并携带走单砂体顶部细粒沉积物,残留了底部“干净”的中粗粒砂岩;多期沉积事件和频繁水道迁移决定了砂体纵、横向叠加展布,并最终形成了区内厚度巨大、岩性宏观均一且连通性极好的超大型深水重力流沉积砂岩储层。