广东省酸雨分布特征及其影响因素

根据广东省气象部门所属4个酸雨监测站10多年的资料,研究了广东省降水pH值、酸雨频率的时空分布特征及其影响因素.分析结果表明,广州、韶关和电白的酸雨频率都在56%以上,降水pH年均值小于4.9,汕头的酸雨虽然较轻,但降水pH年均值仍小于5.6,酸雨频率也达到31.7%.4个站均表现出春季降水pH值低、酸雨频率高的季节分布特征.近年来,广州、韶关、汕头的降水pH值变化不大,酸雨频率却呈上升趋势.广东酸雨的形成不仅与SO2排放量高、气溶胶酸化缓冲能力低有关,也与天气系统和气象条件有关.     

新疆气象台站迁移及其对气候变化分析的影响

由于诸多原因,如城乡规划建设、外部环境遭受破坏和工作环境需要改善等,新疆现有105个国家基准气候站、国家基本气象站和一般气象站从1950年起到2004年,搬迁达73个站150次,占全区地面气象站总数的70%。气象台站搬迁在某种程度上会影响观测数据的连续性和一致性,特别对于气候变化分析工作,更要求数据的历史延续性。本文分析了新疆台站迁移状况以及台站迁移后对数据连续性的影响,为使用这些数据的研究人员分析研究新疆气候变化提供了很好的参考信息。     

伊犁河流域春夏季08时0℃层高度预报方法研究

选用2003—2005年春夏季伊宁探空站08时高空资料和T213数值预报资料,对与融雪型洪水发生有重要物理意义和相关关系的高空温度场、0℃层高度等变化趋势进行分析和研究,建立了伊犁地区春夏季0℃层高度预报模型。     

Temporal-spatial variations of euphotic depth of typical lake regions in Lake Taihu and its ecological environmental significance

Euphotic depth can be defined as the portion of wa- ter column that supports the net primary productivity. Its lower end is the critical depth, namely, the depth measured when the daily net primary productivity is zero[1]. In the ecosystems of oceans, lakes and rivers, phytoplankton live in the euphotic depth and euphotic depth is usually taken as the lower boundary, when studying the primary productivity and biomass of phytoplankton; therefore the corresponding depth is sometimes called the t…     

Application of ensemble kalman filter to geophysical parameters retrieval in remote sensing:A case study of kernel-driven BRDF model inversion

Remote sensing can provide multi-spatial resolution, multi-temporal resolution multi-spectral band and multi-angular data for the observation of land surface. At present, one of research focuses is how to make the best of these data to retrieve geophysical parameters in conjunction with their a priori knowledge and simul-taneously consider the influence of data uncertainties on inversion results[1-5]. The essence of remote sensing lies in inversion. It is difficult to precisely retrieve parame…     

Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12CH4. This will make 12CH4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12CH4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12CH4. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12CH4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the flowing water could fractionate the carbon isotope of methane, and easily take heavy carbon isotope away through dissolution.     

澜沧江大朝山水库蓄水前的地震活动本底

分析了大朝山水库蓄水前，水库区域历史中强、强地震背景与1992年来的地震活动格局，及蓄水前9年中库坝区天然地震活动的时、空、强分布，结果表明：大朝山水库区为地震活动水平较低的区域，库坝附近30km以2、3级地震活动为主，库首方向距大坝40km左右的景谷与库尾方向距大坝50km的昌宁、凤庆一带为5级地震活动区，外围100km左右的耿马、澜沧、普洱等地区为6、7级强震活动区；库坝区的地震活动基本符合G—R关系式，b值为0．69，累积应变曲线呈稳定增长趋势，时间分布上出现活跃与平静交替的分布格局。     

桂东南云开地区变质杂岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学

对位于华夏古陆东南部的广西云开地区大面积出露的晚前寒武纪变质杂岩中的主体花岗质片麻岩、中深变质的天堂山岩群石榴辉石岩和中浅变质的云开岩群洋中脊型变质基性火山岩(斜长角闪岩)进行了高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年.获得天堂山岩群石榴辉石岩的形成年龄为1894Ma±17Ma和1847Ma±59Ma,表明其时代为古元古代;云开岩群洋中脊型变质基性火山岩(斜长角闪岩)的喷发年龄为1462Ma±28Ma,证明该地区存在中(-新)元古代的古洋壳残片;获得花岗质片麻岩的侵入年龄为906Ma±24Ma,应为1000Ma前后发生的全球性Grenville期(四堡期)造山作用的产物,并获得2702Ma±13Ma的继承碎屑锆石年龄,这是云开地区乃至华夏古陆目前获得的最古老年龄,证明华夏古陆曾存在新太古代陆壳物质.     

阿尔金碰撞造山带西段的构造特征

根据阿尔金山西段前早古生代变质岩的岩石组成、沉积建造、变形变质作用改造历史、岩石地球化学特征等研究,将阿尔金碰撞造山带西段划分为3个构造单元:北阿尔金地块、中阿尔金地块(包括英格里克构造-蛇绿混杂岩带、肖鲁克·布拉克高压变质岩带和塔什萨依玉石矿高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相变质岩带)和南阿尔金地块(包括南阿尔金中—新元古界隆起带和阿尔金南缘复合构造-蛇绿混杂岩带)。提出该碰撞造山带经历了前长城纪古陆核形成阶段、长城纪—青白口纪不同基底联合阶段和早古生代洋陆转换阶段3个阶段的构造演化。     

DOWNSCALING FORECAST OF MONTHLY PRECIPITATION OVER GUANGXI BASED ON BP NEURAL NETWORK MODEL

Variables fields such as enstrophy, meridional-wind and zonal-wind variables are derived from monthly 500 hPa geopotential height anomalous fields. In this work, we select original predictors from monthly 500-hPa geopotential height anomalous fields and their variables in June of 1958 - 2001, and determine comprehensive predictors by conducting empirical orthogonal function (EOF) respectively with the original predictors. A downscaling forecast model based on the back propagation (BP) neural network is built by use of the comprehensive predictors to predict the monthly precipitation in June over Guangxi with the monthly dynamic extended range forecast products. For comparison, we also build another BP neural network model with the same predictands by using the former comprehensive predictors selected from 500-hPa geopotential height anomalous fields in May to December of 1957 - 2000 and January to April of 1958 - 2001. The two models are tested and results show that the precision of superposition of the downscaling model is better than that of the one based on former comprehensive predictors, but the prediction accuracy of the downscaling model depends on the output of monthly dynamic extended range forecast.