ADS80航摄影像在省级基础测绘中的控制点布设方案研究

基于省级1：10 000基础测绘成图,以试验生产的方式探讨了ADS80数码相机航摄影像生产的关键技术——Level 0级影像空中三角测量和空三加密后的Level 1级影像立体测图,分析了不同影像地面分辨率、不同控制点数量和分布条件下ADS80影像的后处理精度,提出了ADS80影像在1：10 000成图中的控制点布设方案,结果可以为省级基础测绘生产提供参考依据。     

黔北务正道地区及邻区石炭纪-二叠纪之交海平面变化对铝土矿的控制

晚石炭世至早二叠世,受全球成冰事件的影响,华南海平面变化频繁。其中,达拉期至小独山期海侵规模最大,导致碳酸盐岩普遍发育,为研究区铝土矿的沉积提供了空间上的保障;而紫松期至隆林期,本区出现最大规模的海退,很多地区的碳酸盐岩沉积减薄,甚至暴露,遭受风化剥蚀,在黔北地区表现尤为明显,长时间的沉积间断有利于该区红土化和铝土矿化的进行。讨论了晚石炭世至早二叠世华南地区海平面变化规律,简要分析了这段特殊时期贵州北部及其邻近地区古地理格局的变化,结合古气候资料,认为黔北铝土矿形成于华南地区晚石炭世至早二叠世海退规模最大的时期,即早二叠世紫松期至隆林期。     

Preface

Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation （LAGEO） was established in 1995 and became one of the Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） in 2008. LAGEO emphasizes both fundamental research and high-tech research and development, and sets the major research directions as middle atmosphere and global environmental observation, which include the following four aspects： 1） middle atmosphere process and its weather and climatic effects, 2） atmospheric radiation, atmospheric and environmental remote sensing, 3） global atmospheric electricity, lightning and thunderstorm electricity, and 4） high-tech devel- opment and application for atmospheric observation.     

雷暴云下地闪先导通道中的电荷分布

利用不荷电双向传输先导模型 ,考虑近地面空间电荷层对地表垂直电场的影响和云电荷的转移 ,在一定的雷暴云电荷结构假定下 ,对地闪先导通道中的电荷分布进行了模拟计算。结果表明 ,先导接地瞬间通道上的平均电荷密度约为 1.5× 10 - 3C·m- 1 ,通道中的总电荷量约为 14 .8C ,其中平均感应电荷密度仅占总电荷密度的 2 0 % ,约为 0 .34× 10 - 3C·m- 1 ,先导通道中的电荷主要来源于云中电荷的转移     

西藏定结、定日三叠系遗迹化石及其地质意义

西藏定结县、定日县一带的三叠系产大量遗迹化石,可划分为4个遗迹化石组合,对应于Skolithos遗迹相,Cruziana遗迹相和Zoophycos遗迹相.根据遗迹相及其它相标志判别,该区早中三叠世主要为陆棚环境,晚三叠世主要为滨岸环境.对遗迹化石的分析结果表明该区早三叠世存在短暂的缺氧事件.     

New Data on the Age of the Yukiang (Yujiang) Formation at Liujing, Guangxi, South China

The age of the Yukiang (Yujiang) Formation has been shrouded in controversy for more than 75 years. New investigation at the Liujing section, Hengxian County, Guangxi, has revealed a conodont sequence assignable to two Early Devonian conodont zonations: the Eognathodus kindlei?–Polygnathus pireneae Zone and the Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone from oldest to youngest. The Gaoling and Mahuangling members of the Nahkaoling (Nagaoling) Formation and the overlying Xiayiling Member and lower part of the Shizhou Member of the Yukiang Formation are proven to belong to the Pragian Eognathodus kindlei?–Polygnathus pireneae Zone. The co-occurrence of Polygnathus pireneae and Pol. sokolovi in the lower part of the Shizhou Member demonstrates that this interval can be approximately correlated with the uppermost part of the Polygnathus pireneae Zone. However, precise level identification of the Pragian–Emsian Boundary (PEB) in the Liujing section remains dfficult due to the scarcity of suitable limestone samples for conodont analysis from the middle and upper parts of the Shizhou Member. The Daliancun and Liujing members of the Yukiang Formation and the lower part of the overlying Moding Formation are assigned to the Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone with the nominal species of this biozone ranging from the bottom of the Daliancun Member to the lower part of the Moding Formation.     

基于TRMM卫星多传感器资料揭示的亚洲季风区雷暴时空分布特征

利用16年（1998-2013）的热带降水测量任务卫星（TRMM）降水雷达和闪电成像仪等多传感器观测资料,分析了亚洲季风区内雷暴和强雷暴的空间分布、季节变化及日变化等气候特征.文中取闪电数大于1的雷达降水特征为雷暴,并将闪电频数在前10%的雷暴定义为强雷暴.结果表明：雷暴活动主要集中在陆地及近海区域,陆地与海洋上的雷暴密度之比约为4.4：1,强雷暴密度之比约为7.4：1.0-10°N纬度带内雷暴数占总雷暴的比例最大（占总数的31.7%）,而强雷暴则在20°N-30°N区间最为活跃（34.5%）.雷暴与闪电密度的空间分布在低纬度区域（0-30°N）较为一致,但在中纬度地区（30°N-36°N）呈现出不同的分布特征,即从西部的青藏高原向东部的江淮流域,雷暴密度逐渐减少但闪电密度逐渐增加;而强雷暴与闪电密度的空间分布基本一致.受亚洲夏季风活动影响,低纬度地区强雷暴更容易发生在春季,强中心位于喜马拉雅山南麓东端,次中心位于中南半岛,而中纬度地区在夏季最为活跃,强中心和次中心则分别位于喜马拉雅山南麓西端和中国江淮流域.陆地上雷暴主要集中在午后至傍晚,少数区域受局地环流和气象条件的影响夜雷暴活动频繁,而海洋上雷暴更易发生在午夜至清晨.     

多源信息叠合在延吉盆地油气远景预测的应用

基于GIS的多源信息叠合评价方法是以基础地质图件或数据作为信息,将原始地质图件和数据网格化并赋以属性值,通过地质信息分级标准,变换为标准信息图,通过因子分析,确定各参数的权重并建立油气评价模型,用符合地质含义的关系式进行数据与图层、图层与图层之间的叠合、计算,最后通过空间隐含信息的提取,预测出盆地的有利勘探区域.作者采用该方法,对已发现工业油气流的延吉盆地进行了多源信息叠合、计算评价,指出了章岩洞-崇明、延吉市周遍、铜佛寺周遍三大区块为油气勘探有利远景区.     

Using lightning locating system based on time-of-arrival technique to study three-dimensional lightning discharge processes

A time-of-arrival(TOA) system based on GPS technology for locating VHF radiation sources from lightning has been developed and used in observation sites in the northern Shandong Province,China.The 3D images of the lightning progression have been obtained successfully for the first time in China.The 3D-channel evolutions of typical negative CG,positive CG and IC lightning flashes have been discussed together with the data of fast electric field change.It was found that significant differences existed between the negative and positive CG lightning flashes in terms of the initiation and propagation of the radiation sources.The preliminary breakdown of a negative CG lightning flash propagated at a speed about 5.2×104 m/s.The stepped leader of negative CG lightning flashes was trigged by negative initial breakdown.Thereafter,it propagated downward at a speed of 1.3×105 m/s.The initial process of the positive CG lightning flashes was also a propagation process of negative streamer.These streamers propagated dominantly horizontally in the positive charge region and accumulated positive charges at the origin of the lightning,and as a consequence,initiated downward positive streamers.A new type of lightning discharge that was triggered by a narrow bipolar pulse(NBP) is discussed in this study.The NBP was originated at altitude of about 10.5 km in the upper positive charge region.As a distinct difference from normal IC flash,its channels extended horizontally all around and produced a lot of radiation sources.The source power of the NBP could approach 16.7 kW,which is much greater than that of normal lightning discharge ranging between 100 mW and 500 W.The 3D propagation of this new type of lightning discharge was observed and obtained for the first time in China.The possible initiation mechanism of this new type of light-ning is discussed here.     

云闪放电通道内的粒子密度及分布特征

依据在中国西藏高原地区得到的6幅云闪放电通道的光谱,由谱线波长、相对强度和跃迁几率等信息,结合等离子体理论,计算了云闪放电通道的温度和电子密度;进而,利用Saha方程、电荷守恒和粒子数守恒方程,得到了粒子处于各电离级上的数密度、通道质量密度、压强和平均电离度等参数,并对云闪通道内部粒子数分布特点进行了分析.结果表明,与地闪回击通道类似,云闪通道接近于完全电离,通道内部以单次电离的离子为主,且NII离子数密度最高.具有较高温度的通道位置处,中性和一次以上电离离子数密度的绝对值和相对值都较高,但是,不同温度下NII、OII、ArII粒子的相对浓度变化不大.与地闪回击通道不同,云闪同一放电通道内不同位置处粒子数密度差异较大,且沿通道没有显示规律性变化,通道压强从零点几到几兆帕.