INTERANNUAL AND INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS OF LARGE-SCALE MOISTURE SINKS OVER GUANGDONG

The interannual and interdecadal variations of moisture sinks over Guangdong are discussed with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and observed precipitation data from 1958 to 2004. The results indicate that climatically, the amount of precipitation is larger than that of evaporation in spring and summer.Precipitation and evaporation almost balance each other in autumn and the amount of evaporation is larger than that of precipitation in winter. The interannual signal dominates the variations of moisture sinks in all seasons in Guangdong with a period of three-year oscillation in autumn and winter. Remarkable interdecadal signal characterized by a period of three-decade oscillation can be identified for winter and spring from seasonally averaged moisture sink data and from annually moisture data, with variance percentage larger than 40%. This result indicates that Guangdong is at a transitional stage from positive anomalies to negative anomalies. The moisture sink anomalies in winter and following spring over Guangdong are usually in-phase. Besides, there exist periodic oscillations with periods of 10 to 15 years in summer and autumn. The positive (negative) anomalies of moisture sinks over Guangdong are due to the intensified (weakened) moisture from the tropical areas being transported to the Southern China, accompanied by an intensified (weakened) moisture convergence.     

辽宁地区中小地震辐射能量的单台测定

辐射能量是独立于地震矩的一个重要的震源参数,在地震危险性和地震危害的评估工作中具有重要的实际意义。目前国际上常用的地震辐射能量的测定是利用Boatwright and Choy和Choy and Boatwright的方法,测定的均是Ms≥5.5以上地震的辐射能量。考虑到辽宁地震台网分布不均匀的情况,本文尝试利用单台宽频带波形资料进行中小地震辐射能量的测定。选用营口台记录的岫岩地震序列的宽频带波形资料,分析地震波形横向分量上的SH波及其后续震相,对每个地震去除场地效应和几何扩散效应,并进行辐射花样因子和非弹性衰减校正。衰减因子Q值的确定是通过与震源参数fc、Ω0的联合反演得到的。最后分析了地震辐射能量与震级ML的关系,总体上,地震辐射能量与震级呈正比。     

Zonal distribution features of high frequency planetary waves in the oceans derived from satellite altimeter data

1IntroductionTheavailabilityofnearly9aofhighqual-itysealevelanomaly(SLA)datafromsatellitealtimetersmakesitnowpossibletoestimatethedominantsignalsofvariabilityintheglobalo-ceanmoreaccuratelythanwaspreviouslypos-sible.Moreover,mergingtheT/PandERS-1and2altimeterdatathroughanadvancedglobalobjectiveanalysiscangreatlyimproveoura-bilitytoaccuratelyestimateoceanicvariabili-tycomparedwithusingasinglealtimeter(BoulagerandMenkes,1995).ThealtimeterdatarevealthedominantroleofplanetaryRoss-bywavesinocea…     

两种王水消化方法对测定近海沉积物中重金属含量的比较研究

采自粤东柘林湾3个站位的表层沉积物样品,分别在115℃的条件下,用王水消化24h(A法),和经双氧水处理后,在150℃的条件下用王水消化,将消化液蒸至近干两次(B法),ICP-AES相同条件下同时测定Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Co、Cd。统计结果表明：A法消化所测得的Cr、Pb、Zn、Fe显著高于B法,Cd、Co、Mn、Ni两法测得结果无显著差异。A法所用试剂量少,空白值低,消化条件稳定,对近海沉积物中各重金属元素的提取率高,是一种较为可靠的近海沉积物常规消化方法。     

Ocean temperature responses to Typhoon Mstsa in the East China Sea

The MASNUM wave-tide-circulation coupled model, with 21 layers in the vertical and （1/8） °horizontal resolution, was employed to investigate the oceanic responses to Typhoon Mstsa which traversed the East China Sea （ECS） during the period of 4 - 6 August, 2005. Numerical experiment results are analyzed and compared with observation. The responses of the sea surface temperature （SST）, in a focused area of （27° -29°N, 121° - 124°E）, include heating and cooling stages. The heating is mainly due to warm Kuroshio water transportation and downwelling due to the water accumulation. In the cooling stage, the amplitude of the simulated cold wake （ -3℃ ）, located on the right side of this typhoon track, is compared quite well with that of the satellite observed SST data. The wave-induced mixing（Bv） plays a key role for the SST cooling. Bv still plays a leading role, which accounts for 36%, for the ocean temperature drop in the upper ocean of 0 - 40 m, while the upwelling is responsible for 84% of the cooling for the lower layer of 40 - 70 m. The mixed layer depth （MLD） increased quickly from 28 to 50 m in the typhoon period. However, the simulated MLD without the wave-induced vertical mixing, evolution from 13 to 32 m, was seriously underestimated. The surface wave is too important to be ignored for the ocean responses to a typhoon.     

对驻马店市地下水开采现状的思考

文章在简述驻马店市区地下水环境背景的基础上 ,重点论述了该市地下水开采现状及无序开采后引发的环境地质问题。由此建议该市要调整供水结构 ,积极引进客水 ,封闭市区中深层开采井 ,限制污水排放 ,节约用水 ,加强地下水环境的动态监控 ,以保护地下水资源可持续开发利用。     

利用尺度自适应大气边界层湍流参数化方案对一次陆地浓雾的数值模拟

为提高大气数值模式的模拟能力,改进大气边界层水汽、热量湍流输送计算和大雾天气的模拟效果,选用WRF三维非静力模式,采用具有局地和非局地垂直湍流尺度自适应计算能力的MYNN_SA参数化方案,对2017年12月28—29日我国华北—江淮地区的大范围浓雾过程进行了数值模拟研究,探讨从中尺度到灰区尺度分辨率范围,模式的尺度自适应大气边界层湍流参数化方案对稳定大气边界层发展、湍流输送和大雾天气模拟的影响。利用中国地面气象站观测资料和ERA5再分析数据,在接近灰区尺度的网格分辨率上,利用尺度自适应大气边界层湍流MYNN_SA参数化方案较之中尺度参数化MYNN方案,可明显改善次网格湍流输送计算,以及陆地浓雾的强度、空间分布和时间演变特征,可更精确地模拟云水混合比、逆温层和雾区的垂直结构。     

节理岩体强度特征研究综述

随着岩体工程建设规模的加大,对节理岩体的研究提出了更高的要求,需要对节理岩体强度及其相关问题有全新的认识。在认真总结国内外节理岩体理论与试验研究的基础上,以节理岩体强度为主线,详细论述了理论强度准则、经验强度准则及其与强度有关的节理岩体试验、本构、数值模拟等内容,指出了节理岩体需进一步研究的几个关键问题。      

海南澳洲管体星虫卵细胞发育及生殖周期研究

澳洲管体星虫(Siphonosoma australe)是海南当地极具特色的星虫资源,经济价值高。近年来该资源急剧衰竭,开展星虫资源恢复与保护十分重要。文章对海南澳洲管体星虫卵细胞的显微与超微结构进行研究。结果显示:1)卵细胞发育经历4个阶段:生长前期,体腔液中大量光滑的凹饼状红细胞出现表面凹凸不平的褶皱(直径小于30μm),暗示这些红细胞是卵原细胞;生长后期,30～40μm的卵细胞表面褶皱消失,变成光滑的圆厚饼状,并出现厚度1μm的卵黄膜,卵黄颗粒开始积累;成熟前期,卵细胞球状,直径60～120μm,卵黄膜增厚至5～11μm,卵黄颗粒增多,细胞核增大,部分染色质形成高电子密度的团块散布于核内;成熟后期,直径120μm,卵黄膜厚11～12μm,卵黄颗粒充满整个卵细胞,膜孔外露于膜表层。2)成熟期澳洲管体星虫卵黄膜仅分为两层:有一定厚度的均质内层和多层重叠膜结构组成的外层,同时外层上覆盖有粒状突。膜孔结构简单,主要是膜凹陷折叠形成。3)卵黄颗粒分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,其发生途径主要由线粒体、内质网、高尔基体和溶酶体等细胞器演变而成,亦可由卵母细胞吞饮而成。最为常见的是高尔基体包裹形成的Ⅱ型卵黄颗...     

面向不同环境背景的Landsat影像水体提取方法适用性研究

快速、准确地从卫星影像中提取水体信息一直是遥感应用的热点问题,在水资源管理、水环境监测和灾害应急管理等领域极具应用价值.虽然目前已有多种针对Landsat系列影像的水体提取方法,但由于地理位置、地形和水体形态等环境背景因素的影响,导致同种方法在不同的环境背景中呈现出不同的提取效果.本文针对人为影响严重、影像明暗对比强烈...