嫦娥三号导航相机测图能力分析及地形重建

基于立体相机成像模型并结合相机参数对嫦娥三号导航相机3维测图能力进行分析,利用摄影测量原理和误差传播定律对巡视器30 m范围内的DEM精度进行了理论分析,推导出导航相机立体影像获得的采样点精度公式,并绘制了DEM的平面精度图和高程精度图;同时使用多线程技术开发了基于导航相机立体影像的地形快速重建算法,利用多线程技术完成影像的特征匹配和密集匹配,并通过分块内插生成DEM。该技术应用于嫦娥三号任务中,有力地支持了嫦娥三号遥操作路径规划相关任务。     

The Characteristics of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei Measured at Different Altitudes in the Huangshan Mountains in Southeast China简

The concentration of ice nuclei （IN） and the relationship with aerosol particles were measured and analyzed using three 5-L mixing cloud chambers and a static diffusion cloud chamber at three altitudes in the Huangshan Mountains in Southeast China from May to September 2011.The results showed that the mean total number concentration of IN on the highest peak of the Huangshan Mountains at an activation temperature （Ta） of-20℃C was 16.6 L-1.When the supersaturation with respect to water （Sw） and with respect to ice （Si） were set to 5％,the average number concentrations of IN measured at an activation temperature of-20℃C by the static diffusion cloud chamber were 0.89 and 0.105 L-1,respectively.A comparison of the concentrations of IN at three different altitudes showed that the concentration of IN at the foot of the mountains was higher than at the peak.A further calculation of the correlation between IN and the concentrations of aerosol particles of different size ranges showed that the IN concentration was well correlated with the concentration of aerosol particles in the size range of 1.2-20 μtm.It was also found that the IN concentration varied with meteorological conditions,such as wind speed,with higher IN concentrations often observed on days with strong wind.An analysis of the backward trajectories of air masses showed that low IN concentrations were often related to air masses travelling along southwest pathways,while higher IN concentrations were usually related to those transported along northeast pathways.     

大尺度环流的年代际变化对初夏华南持续性暴雨的影响

利用1961-2010年中国逐日降水数据和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料集,研究了大尺度环流的年代际变化对不同频发年代华南持续性暴雨的影响。结果表明,虽然过去50年里华南持续性暴雨的发生存在两个频发时段(20世纪60年代中期到70年代中期、20世纪90年代初到2010年),其典型环流配置都表现为中高纬度冷空气和低纬度充沛水汽的配合,但不同频发时段的大尺度环流配置明显不同,这种配置使得两个频发时段的暴雨发生特点有所不同,最近20年的暴雨发生次数更多,强度更强,持续时间更长。在频发的1964-1976年,高纬度的冷空气主要来自西西伯利亚上空深厚的低槽前部,而此时南亚高压偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱、偏东,低纬度的水汽主要来自孟加拉湾印缅低压槽前,可降水量偏小,但垂直速度较大,水汽辐合较旺盛,华南上空大气环流较不稳定;在频发的1991-2010年,鄂霍次克海上空附近的高压脊活跃,高纬度冷空气主要来自高压后部,低纬度西太平洋副热带高压偏强,位置偏西,其西北侧的水汽源源不断输送到华南上空,故可降水量增多,伴随着强大的南亚高压提供的良好的高层辐散条件,华南上空垂直速度增大,水汽辐合明显,强有利的环流配置导致1991-2010年华南持续性暴雨强度更大、范围更广。因此,大气环流的年代际转型使得华南持续性暴雨发生了巨大改变,故在未来做预测时应充分考虑不同年代际环流背景场对华南持续性暴雨的重要影响。     

Statistical Characteristics of Convective Initiation in the Beijing-Tianjin Region Revealed by Six-Year Radar Data

Characteristics of convective initiation (CI) in the Beijing-Tianjin region during the warm season of2008-2013 are examined. A total of 38877 CI cases are identified by a thunderstorm identification, tracking, analysis, and nowcasting algorithm. CI cases are evaluated in the context of associated terrain, weather systems, and land cover properties. The spatial distribution of all CI cases shows that there are dense CI activities around the 200-m elevation, which means that convective storms are more easily triggered over foothills. From 1500-1800 to 0300-0600 BT (Beijing Time), the high-occurrence CI region tends to propagate southeastward (i.e., from mountains to plains, then to ocean). Among the four local weather systems, the Mongolian cold vortex has the highest CI frequency while the after-trough system has the lowest CI frequency. For the land cover relationships with CI, the urban land cover has the highest CI density and the forest-type land cover has the second highest CI density; these two types of land cover are more conducive to CI formation.     

Tree mortality in response to climate change induced drought across Beijing,China

Tree mortality in response to climate change induced drought has emerged as a global concern. Small changes of tree mortality rates can profoundly affect forest structure, composition, dynamics and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration. Our analyses of longitudinal data from natural stands (82 plots) in Beijing showed that tree mortality rates have increased significantly over the two decades from 1986 to 2006. In contrast, recruitment rates decreased significantly over this period. The increase in overall mortality rates resulted from an increase in tree deaths dominantly attributed to changes in temperature and precipitation resulting in drier conditions across latitudes, elevations, tree species, and tree sizes. In addition, the results showed that mortality rates of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) (β ₁ ?=?0.0874) as a result of climate change induce drought were much smaller than oak (Quercus) (β ₁ ?=?0.1583).     

多视角监控视频中动态目标的时空信息提取方法

监控视频中动态目标的精准定位与跟踪作为计算机视觉领域中重要的研究方向,近年来已成为监控领域的研究热点。传统视频动态目标检测仅依赖图像特征数据,忽略了与地理坐标系精准匹配,特别是对于多个摄像机覆盖的区域,拍摄的角度不同,投影后形成的图像空间分辨率也不同,因此,难以满足智能监控在复杂的地理场景中全方位时空信息感知。本文提出一种多摄像头协同的视频监控图像与地理空间数据互映射模型构建方法来获取动态目标的轮廓和地理位置等时空信息,首先建立监控图像信息与地理空间数据的互映射关系,将观测角度不同、尺度不同和空间分辨率的监控图像置于同一坐标系下,并在此基础上通过融合Canny算子与背景减法来检测目标的边缘信息;然后采用质心偏移算法还原目标在该场景的实际位置,从而实现多角度下连续跟踪,提升地理场景的时空理解力和分析力,提高动态目标的精准定位与跟踪能力。     

江苏沿淮地区淮河水与地下水补排关系研究

从淮河江苏段与地下水含水层关系出发,认为淮河河床切割了地下水承压含水层。地下水的水动力特征表明地下水接受了淮河水的补给。从水质研究的角度印证了地表水与地下水的补排关系。将淮河水与潜水、微承压、承压水之间进行聚类分析,印证了微承压、承压水与淮河水同源。     

山西王莽岭国家地质公园地貌景观特征及其成因研究

王莽岭国家地质公园位于太行山南段,地质遗迹资源丰富、类型多样,具有重要的美学及科学价值。本文以王莽岭地质公园为研究区,通过野外调查并依据地质遗迹的成因、形态及规模、自然属性及分布特征,将地质遗迹资源划分为地貌景观、沉积构造、构造形迹、古生物化石四类,系统地研究了峡谷、岩溶、夷平面、河流阶地、瀑布等地貌的成因,为太行山的形成演化研究提供了资料,对提升研究区地质遗迹资源的科学价值具有重要意义。     

江苏平原地区(淮河流域)潜水碘含量控制因素探讨

本文通过工作区潜水碘含量的分布特点,与所处土壤、水文地质条件、地形地貌等一起进行综合分析,对地下水中碘的控制因素有了一个全新的认识:与前人认为地下水中碘的含量与有机质成正比的观点不同的是,本文认为地下水中碘的含量与有机质含量无固定关系,但有机质有助于促进水溶性碘的增加,相似水文地质条件下成正比;地下水径流条件对潜水碘含量影响重大,径流条件较好的丘陵、岗地往往较低,地势低平、径流条件较差的洼地和泛滥沉积区往往为高碘地区;相同水文地质条件下,地下水中的碘含量与土壤中的含量成正比;碘的另一重要特征是在地下水中的浓度较为稳定,随时间、开采而变化不大。