华南板块西南缘中三叠统底部火山灰来源 ——以右江盆地者堡敢南一带凝灰岩为例

华南板块西南缘中三叠统底部普遍发育凝灰岩夹层,但对火山灰的来源存在不同认识。位于华南板块西南缘的右江盆地在早—中三叠世为连续海相沉积,较为完整的火山沉积记录为探讨火山灰的来源提供了基础。本文以右江盆地者堡敢南一带早、中三叠世之交凝灰岩为研究对象,在剖面测制基础上,对含凝灰岩层段灰岩进行生物地层分析,划分为4个牙形石带,分别为Neospathodus pakistanensis间隔带;Neospathodus waageni—N.abruptus组合带;Neospathodus homeri—N.triangularis组合带以及Chiosella timorensis间隔带,由此确定第17层凝灰岩为中三叠统底界凝灰岩。凝灰岩岩石学、地球化学分析结果显示为流纹质玻屑凝灰岩,属于亚碱性系列。稀土配分曲线显示为右倾轻稀土富集,明显的负Eu异常。大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb、U、Th和Ba等)富集和高场强元素(HFSE)(Nb、Ta、P和Ti等)亏损,整体表现出与弧相关的地球化学特征。在生物地层、同位素年代学对凝灰岩形成时代进行精确限定的基础上,通过华南板块西南缘中三叠统底界凝灰岩的区域分布、矿物组成、地球化学特征,结合右江盆地中—下三叠统火山岩层序特征进行详细对比分析,结果显示广西凭祥—十万大山一带火山岩是其主要来源。     

蔗渣生物质炭对喀斯特农田石灰性土壤氮转化过程的短期影响

生物质炭对于土壤中不同形态氮库的含量影响已有较多研究,但对西南喀斯特区石灰性土壤氮素形态,尤其是控制氮素形态的转化过程研究较为缺乏。本研究设置土壤中添加1%(C1)和3%(C2)蔗渣生物质炭2个用量水平,并以不施用蔗渣生物质炭作为对照(CK),共3个处理,通过 15 NH 4 NO 3 和NH^15 4 NO 3 成对标记技术,结合MCMC氮素转化模型研究了不同用量的蔗渣生物质炭对石灰性土壤氮转化过程的短期影响,为该地区蔗渣资源化利用和土壤氮保持提供理论支撑。结果表明,与CK相比,添加蔗渣生物质炭能够快速提高土壤pH和有机碳含量。添加生物质炭并没有显著改变土壤氮的矿化、铵态氮(NH^+ 4 )和硝态氮(NO^- 3 )的微生物同化和异养硝化速率,但NH^+ 4 吸附速率随生物质炭用量的增加而提高,以添加量最高的C2处理最大。添加生物质炭同样提高了土壤NH^+ 4 释放速率,但C1和C2处理的土壤NH^+ 4 释放速率并无显著性差异。与CK和C1处理相比,施用高量蔗渣生物质炭通过抑制自养硝化速率而显著降低了硝态氮净产生速率。这些结果表明,施用高量蔗渣生物质炭于石灰性土壤中可快速实现对NH^+ 4 吸附,降低自养硝化速率,减少NO^- 3 产生,从而降低了其损耗和淋失风险。     

Progress of Long-Chain Alkyl Diols in Marine Environmental Reconstruction

Long-chain alkyl diols contain an alkyl chain with alcohol groups at C1 and at the middle position of carbon chain, which exist widely in seas, rivers and lakes. It has been proven that these compounds are relatively resistant to degradation and have an extended occurrence in the geological record. In addition, they are relatively easy to identify. Therefore, long-chain alkyl diols can be used as potential biomarkers to trace the past change in paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. Although the sources of long-chain alkyl diols are still uncertain, the studies indicate that 1, 13 and 1, 15-diols are mainly produced by eustigmatophytes, while 14-diols are mainly from diatom Proboscia. So far, some proxies based on long-chain alkyl diols have been established to indicate the change in diatom productivity, upwelling intensity, salinity, sea surface temperature, riverine organic matter input and surface seawater nutrient concentration, which are significant for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Current research and application of long-chain alkyl diols proxies were summarized, which would be helpful for further studying the source of long-chain alkyl diols and the application of relevant proxies in China’s marginal sea.     

南祁连党河南山中段科克巴斯陶玄武岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

与柴北缘和北祁连相比,南祁连研究程度偏低,对其各个阶段的构造演化缺少精确时限。对分布于南祁连党河南山中段的科克巴斯陶玄武岩进行了岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,定年结果显示,该玄武岩成岩年龄为713±4.6Ma,为新元古代震旦纪。岩石地球化学分析表明,科克巴斯陶玄武岩SiO2含量为45.08%~49.81%,MgO为4.37%~6.67%,Na2O为2.95%~3.71%,K2O为0.28%~1.92%,TiO2为1.40%~2.01%,与拉斑玄武岩平均值相似。Nb/Y-SiO2图解显示科克巴斯陶玄武岩属亚碱性系列拉斑玄武岩。其ΣREE为(75.47~124.00)×10^-6,LREE/HREE为4.2~6.19。(La/Yb)N为3.67~6.18,(La/Sm)N为1.83~2.64,球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线图呈轻稀土明显富集的右倾型。原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上,岩石以富集Sr、K、Rb、Ba为特征。岩石地球化学特征显示科克巴斯陶玄武岩岩浆为具OIB性质的地幔源区,其形成于板内洋岛构造环境。结合区域地层对比及锆石测年成果,将原划定的志留系巴龙贡嘎尔组进行了重新解体,由南至北,分别为志留系巴龙贡嘎尔组变砂岩段、新元古界震旦系天峻组火山岩段和中新元古界拐杖山组片岩段。     

Experiment on Coordinated Observation of Offshore Typhoon in China

The lack of sufficient direct observation data of typhoon fine structure is the main bottleneck that restricts the further development of typhoon discipline and forecasting. This paper briefly introduced the basic information of the National Key R&D Program of China, entitled “Experiment on Coordinated Observation of Offshore Typhoon in China”, which started in early 2019. Firstly, the importance and necessity of the program around the national needs on typhoon-related disaster reduction and prevention were explained. Then, the coordinated observation difficulties and frontiers in the current typhoon discipline situation from the development and improvement of the physical mechanism and key forecasting technologies were shown. The overview of the direct observation instrument and platform, the field campaign and the parameterization techniques related to physical process in typhoon numerical modeling was provided. Finally, the key scientific and technical issues and main research contents of the program were given.     

Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Cycle and Stable Nitrogen Isotope Processes: Progresses and Perspectives

Oxidized reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere mainly consists of nitrogen oxides (NO _X =NO+NO₂, NO₃) and nitric acid. The atmospheric cycling of NO _X influences the formation of ozone and hydroxyl radicals that are important for atmospheric oxidation capacity. Nitric acid, the final product of NO _X oxidation, not only is an important component of particulate pollutants, but also has a direct impact on the ecosystem through dry and wet deposition. The stable nitrogen isotope (δ¹⁵N) shows the potential to study reactive nitrogen cycle, and to trace the emission, transport and deposition of reactive nitrogen from local to global scales. Here, we reviewed previous studies using δ¹⁵N to investigate NO _X emission and atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycle, and discuss the uncertainties of δ¹⁵N signatures of different NO _X sources from two aspects: NO _X generation mechanism and NO _X collection methods. We also discussed the nitrogen isotope fractionation and the consequences during the conversions of NO _y molecules. We ended up with discussions on the possibility of using δ¹⁵N to trace NO _X emissions. Although there are still large uncertainties in quantifying and tracing NO _X emissions using nitrogen stable isotopes, such isotope tool is efficient enough to trace reactive nitrogen cycles in the atmosphere. On the basis of this, we proposed that we can combine atmospheric chemistry transmission models with isotope tracers to improve our understanding of regional and global atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycle regarding the fluxes of different emission sources, their atmospheric transformation, etc.     

参数筛选法在内蒙古扎赉特旗水系沉积物异常评价中的应用

利用异常参数筛选法对扎赉特旗地区1∶5万水系沉积物异常进行评序,选择地球化学特征和地质背景特征两类评价指标分别进行合理赋值,然后按60%和40%分配权重计算异常评序总分。依据异常评序结果筛选了前8位异常进行查证,在HS-18、HS-21和HS-23三个异常区内发现了多处金、银、铜、铅锌等多金属矿（化）体,取得了较好的应用效果,表明异常参数筛选法可以避免人为经验筛选的主观性,是一种快速有效的异常筛选评价方法。     

北京城乡接合部地表颗粒物中重金属污染负荷及健康风险评价

随着我国城市建设的不断推进,城市径流污染越来越受到关注。地表颗粒物(RDS)是重金属的重要载体,雨水径流对地表颗粒物的冲刷引起的径流重金属污染问题凸显。本研究选取北京市城乡接合部作为研究区域,研究区域内地表颗粒物中重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn)污染负荷并进行健康风险评估。结果表明,地表颗粒物含有的重金属中,除Mn外,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn的平均浓度均超过背景值。其中,Cd的平均浓度是其背景值的3倍,Cr的平均浓度是其背景值的4倍之多。在径流冲刷条件下,Cr的污染负荷在各研究区域均最高,为其他重金属的3~4倍。暴露模型计算表明,重金属非致癌日平均暴露量为手口摄入量＞皮肤吸收量＞吸入空气量,经手口接触是人体地表灰尘暴露风险的主要途径。对于非致癌风险,在芦求路主路以及黄鹅路十字路口区域存在对于儿童的非致癌风险,整体区域内成人所受非致癌风险较低。各研究区域内重金属呼吸暴露途径的总致癌风险均低于环境阈值,致癌风险较低。     

东昆仑古特提斯后碰撞阶段伸展作用:来自晚三叠世岩浆岩的证据

通过对东昆仑造山带晚三叠世岩浆岩的岩石类型、形成时代、岩石地球化学和同位素地球化学资料综合分析,对岩浆岩的岩石组合、分布特征和岩石成因进行研究,探讨东昆仑造山带晚三叠世构造演化的地球动力学背景。东昆仑造山带晚三叠世是古特提斯演化过程中重要的构造转换期,岩浆岩岩石类型多样,主要包括辉长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩,并且广泛出露具埃达克质特征的岩浆岩和A型花岗岩。晚三叠世岩浆岩的出露规模与俯冲阶段相比,规模较小,一般以小岩体、岩株和岩脉侵入于早期岩体和地层中。东昆仑晚三叠世岩浆岩主体为准铝-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,轻重稀土元素具有一定分异,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,岩石类型不同时分异程度、富集和亏损程度有一定差异。大部分晚三叠世花岗质岩浆岩的同位素特征与晚二叠世-三叠纪镁铁质岩浆岩近似,部分具有更高的εNd(t)和εHf(t)值。镁铁质岩浆岩、普通花岗岩、埃达克质岩浆岩在东昆仑各个构造带皆有分布,A型花岗岩主要分布在祁漫塔格构造带(东昆北)的阿牙克库木湖-香日德断裂附近。东昆仑晚三叠世镁铁质岩浆岩具有弧岩浆岩特征,为俯冲流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融产物。普通花岗岩和埃达克质岩浆岩多为新生下地壳部分熔融产物,少量埃达克质岩浆岩由于与地幔的交代作用,具有幔源特征。A型花岗岩为残留下地壳部分熔融的产物。部分普通花岗岩、埃达克质岩浆岩和A型花岗岩由于岩浆混合作用,具幔源特征。构造环境研究表明,东昆仑在晚三叠世进入古特提斯演化的后碰撞阶段。巴颜喀拉地块同东昆仑地块的持续碰撞导致地壳加厚,密度增大,使岩石圈重力不稳定发生拆沉作用,引发岩石圈地幔减压熔融,产生大量的镁铁质岩浆岩;镁铁质岩浆底侵不同类型地壳熔融及拆沉地壳部分熔融而形成的岩浆交代地幔,以及岩浆混合和岩浆后期演化,形成了东昆仑造山带晚三叠世丰富多样的岩浆岩。     

桂西南凭祥火山岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素研究——对古特提斯洋最晚北向俯冲事件的启示

华南西南缘凭祥地区位于特提斯构造域东端,华南与印支陆块碰撞缝合带的北部,该区出露的三叠纪中酸性火山岩是古特提斯洋俯冲过程中在华南陆块边缘形成的大陆弧产物,这些火山岩同时携带的大量来自华南陆块基底的捕获锆石为华南陆块的构造热事件研究将提供重要的信息。对凭祥地区三叠系北泗组英安岩进行了同位素年代学、地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究,获得了一个英安岩样品的加权平均年龄为（227.8±1）Ma,这些英安岩具有高SiO₂、K₂O含量,极低的MgO、MnO和CaO含量,富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Ba、Th和U）和亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta）的特点,显示了典型的岛弧岩浆作用特征,代表古特提斯洋向北俯冲至华南陆块之下形成的大陆弧产物。其余两个英安岩样品中的70粒锆石主要为来自华南陆块基底的捕获锆石,其年龄数据变化区间较大,为1010~231 Ma,这些捕获锆石U-Pb年龄频谱分布主要集中在四个区间:11010~800 Ma（峰值900 Ma）,其锆石的ε_Hf（t）值为4.5~15.1,响应扬子和华夏陆块之间聚合-裂解-再聚合的构造演化事件,反应了其幔源岩浆的广泛参与;2720~620 Ma（峰值680 Ma）响应南华纪已拼合的扬子-华夏陆块的再次发生裂解;3490~400 Ma（峰值450 Ma）,其锆石的ε_Hf（t）值为2.2~-7.8,响应华南早古生代加里东运动有关的壳-幔相互作用岩浆事件;4280~230 Ma（峰值250 Ma）,其锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-13.6~-16.5,地壳模式年龄为2.3~2.1 Ga,代表了印支与华南陆块之间古特提斯洋俯冲闭合的岩浆事件。文章的研究结果揭示了凭祥北泗组英安岩与华南陆块的亲缘性,其结晶年龄限定了华南与印支陆块之间的古特提斯洋俯冲结束、陆-陆开始碰撞的最晚时限为中-晚三叠纪。