Interannual Thermocline Signals and El Nio-La Nia Turnabout in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

One of the fundamental questions concerning the nature and prediction of the oceanic states in the equatorial eastern Pacific is how the turnabout from a cold water state (La Nina) to a warm water state (El Nino) takes place, and vice versa. Recent studies show that this turnabout is directly linked to the interannual thermocline variations in the tropical Pacific Ocean basin. An index, as an indicator and precursor to describe interannual thermocline variations and the turnabout of oceanic states in our previous paper (Qian and Hu, 2005), is also used in this study. The index, which shows the maximum subsurface temperature anomaly (MSTA), is derived from the monthly 21-year (1980-2000) expendable XBT dataset in the present study. Results show that the MSTA can be used as a precursor for the occurrences of El Nino (or La Nina) events. The subsequent analyses of the MSTA propagations in the tropical Pacific suggest a one-year potential predictability for El Nino and La Nina events by identifying ocean temperature anomalies in the thermocline of the western Pacific Ocean. It also suggests that a closed route cycle with the strongest signal propagation is identified only in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. A positive (or negative) MSTA signal may travel from the western equatorial Pacific to the eastern equatorial Pacific with the strongest signal along the equator. This signal turns northward along the tropical eastern boundary of the basin and then moves westward along the north side of off-equator around 16°N. Finally, the signal returns toward the equator along the western boundary of the basin. The turnabout time from an El Nino event to a La Nina event in the eastern equatorial Pacific depends critically on the speed of the signal traveling along the closed route, and it usually needs about 4 years. This finding may help to predict the occurrence of the El Nino or La Nina event at least one year in advance.     

CLIMATE CHANGE: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND SHORT-TERM OSCILLATIONS

Identifying the Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature reconstruction and instrumental data for the past 1000 years shows that climate change in the last millennium includes long-term trends and various oscillations. Two long-term trends and the quasi-70-year oscillation were detected in the global temperature series for the last 140 years and the NH millennium series. One important feature was emphasized that temperature decreases slowly but it increases rapidly based on the analysis of different series. Benefits can be obtained of climate change from understanding various long-term trends and oscillations. Millennial temperature proxies from the natural climate system and time series of nonlinear model system are used in understanding the natural climate change and recognizing potential benefits by using the method of wavelet transform analysis. The results from numerical modeling show that major oscillations contained in numerical solutions on the interdecadal timescale are consistent with that of natural proxies. It seems that these oscillations in the climate change are not directly linked with the solar radiation as an external forcing. This investigation may conclude that the climate variability at the interdecadal timescale strongly depends on the internal nonlinear effects in the climate system.     

运用归一化光谱混合模型分析城市地表组成

运用归一化光谱混合分析(NSMA)方法,用ETM 数据调查广州市海珠区城市地表组成,采用亮度标准化方法减小亮度变化。通过标准化,使亮度差异在每个植被-非渗透性表面-土壤-水体(V-I-S-W)组成中减小或者消除,这样使得一个单一的端元能够代表一种地表组分。在此基础上,通过归一化影像,选择了植被、非渗透性表面、土壤和水体4种端元,运用一种约束光谱混合分析(SMA)模型,分解了不同种类的城市地表组成。通过与已有模型计算结果比较,认为本文所构建的模型较优,其对研究区非渗透性表面估计的均方根误差为12.6%。     

内蒙古东乌旗阿尔哈达铅锌矿区矿床成因探讨

阿尔哈达铅锌矿主要产于泥盆系的NW向断裂破碎带中，矿体具雁行排列、局部交叉产出的特征，以盲矿体为主；成矿早期可能以岩浆热液（399-407℃）为主，而中、晚期的热液以大气降水或混合水（194-287℃）为主；硫分别来源于岩浆热液、沉积地层和大气降水；铅同位素测试结果则显示了成矿（岩）物质的混源特点。矿床为与岩浆热液有关的受断裂控制的中温热液铅锌（银）矿。     

可变分辨率展宽网格在区域物理参数化大气模式中的应用

将有限区域展宽网格方法应用于区域物理参数化大气模式中，来检验其模拟湿物理过程的能力。展宽网格模型旨在在一个大的有限空间区域中得到我们所关注的小区域的高分辨率。运用展宽网格模型对南美地区进行模拟的结果表明：当拥有充足的物理参数集时，模型模拟效果良好；并且，如果改进计算机功率，便可得到与始终保持高分辨率模拟具有可比性的输出结果。     

安徽庐枞盆地中巴家滩岩体的岩石地球化学特征及成因

巴家滩岩体位于长江中下游庐枞中生代火山岩盆地的中心地带,出露面积约4km2.岩性主要为辉石二长岩和含英辉石二长岩,发育黄铁矿化和黄铜矿化.野外及室内证据表明该岩体可分为两期,第一期表现为闪长质岩石包体;第二期主要为旱阶段的辉石二长岩和晚阶段的含石英辉石二长岩.巴家滩岩体随着由早到晚的演化,其SiO2含量、总碱含量(Na2O K2O)和岩石的氧化度不断增高.稀土配分整体呈右倾趋势,轻稀土富集,重稀土分馏不明显.岩石学、稀土和微量元素地球化学特征表明巴家滩岩体成岩物质来源于富含金云母的富集地幔Ⅱ.巴家滩岩体属于橄榄玄粗岩系,形成于伸展构造环境.巴家滩岩体具有高Al2O2、Sr、St/Y、La/Yb,低Y、Yb、Sr正异常,Eu弱负异常,与沙溪岩体的特征相似,早期包体的Cu含量高达0.8402,推断在其深部可能有可能有类似沙溪岩体的矿化岩浆存在.     

苏鲁超高压变质带的深部构造特征——宽频地震层析结果

为了探测苏鲁超高压变质带的岩石圈结构实施了山东日照到滨洲剖面的宽频带地震探测,于2003～2005年使用REFTER130-01型和CMG-6TD型三分量地震仪(频宽50～60s).以10～25km间距布设了25个台站观测近三年时间.由远震地震层析反演结果得到了华北板块、超高压变质带、扬子板块清晰的P波速度图像.华北板块具有简单的低速体形态,越过郯庐断裂向超高压变质带扩张,并平稳地由郯庐断裂向北延伸直到黄河以北的古城镇.Moho面和岩石圈深度分别为30～35km,75～80km;扬子板块为高速体,界于两者之间的苏鲁超高压变质带地壳的平均速度大于两侧板块,剖面上从日照到五莲-烟台断裂范围内除地壳为高速体外,30～60km深度范围内有一个高速体和一个低速体拼会在一起,构成了超高压变质带岩石圈最突出的构造特征.此高速体应为榴辉橄榄岩等超基性岩组成,它可能属于折返回来又被移动的超高压变质岩组合体,并与华北板块基底直接接触,超高压变质带的下界面深度为60km.下界面平直,可能意味着正在消退的造山带的山根,或是造山带的下一层Moho面?郯庐断裂带地壳出露的共四条带,比较陡的产状向深部延伸,并逐步向南倾,TLF2～TLF4在岩石圈底界处合并.     

电子全站仪模拟器软件的开发原理与实现

在Visual Basic 6.0环境下,探讨了电子全站仪模拟器软件开发的基本原理,分析了系统设计的结构框架,并以坐标测量为例介绍了其实现的过程.     

Mrk421中TeV和X射线爆发的相关性

用同步自康普顿机制（ＳＳＣ）来解释１９９４年５月在ＢＬＬａｃ天体Ｍｒｋ４２１中观测到的ＴｅＶＸ射线爆发．认为此ＴｅｖＸ射线爆发是由一个高能成分产生的,它具有平坦的电子能量分布,其低能段上能谱指数αｅ≈０２５．这个爆发成分独立于另一个低能成分（或宁静成分）．此宁静成分具有较陡的电子能量分布,它产生宁静态的辐射能谱．大多数射电爆发表明电子能量分布有坦谱,能谱指数αｅ～０２－０４．与这个事实一起,上述结果意味着活动星系核中粒子加速的基本机制产生平坦的电子能量分布．     

Hale-Bopp彗星的一次爆发观测

使用上海天文台的１．５６ｍ望远镜和Ｓｅｒｉｅｓ２００ＣＣＤ照相机发现ＨａｌｅＢｏｐｐ彗星于１９９６年４月２１日至４月２３日期间有一次爆发,４月２２日彗星星等比前一天增亮了０２等,但一天后其亮度又大致恢复原来的亮度．这段时间内,彗头的半强度处的直径也有相应的变化．