Sedimentary characteristics of terrigenous debris at site MD05-2905 in the northeastern part of the South China Sea since 36 ka and evolution of the East Asian monsoon

Sediments with high sedimentation rate at site MD05-2905 in the Northeastern slope of the South China Sea provide unique materials for a high-resolution study on the paleoenvironment. Based on precise dating of AMS ¹⁴C, grain size analysis of terrigenous debris at core MD05-2905 was conducted after organic matter, biological carbonate and biogenic opal were removed. The results show that 15.5–63.5 μm coarse grain size ingredients may indicate East Asian winter monsoon changes and that 2–9 μm fine grain size ingredients may be used as a proxy of evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The results of grain size analysis, which suggest East Asian monsoon intensity, reveal that a winter monsoon dominated the glacial regime and a summer monsoon dominated the Holocene regime. It was also shown that the summer monsoon increased gradually, experienced several abrupt changes and reached a culmination in the early Holocene (11200–8500 a B.P.) since 36 ka. Controlled by precession periodicity, it may be related with the amount of solar radiation at the highest stage, which needs further study. __________ Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(10): 1012–1018 [译自: 地球科学进展]     

Spatial distribution features and environment effect of heavy metal in intertidal surface sediments of Guanhe estuary, Northern Jiangsu Province

In northern Jiangsu coastal zone area, Guanhe River is the biggest river and has the best navigation conditions among rivers which flow into the Yellow Sea. The grain sizes show gradual increase from the high intertidal zone to lower intertidal zone. The heavy metal values have slight changes along both sides of the river mouth, but show an evident change perpendicular to the tidal flat. In the latter case, they show a good correlation with grain size fluctuation, that is, the heavy metal values gradually decline when the grain size increases from the high intertidal zone to the lower intra-tidal zone. Analyses of the heavy metal elements show that on the Guanhe estuary surface sediment, the content of the elements Hg, As and Cu is above background values; Pb and Zn contents are rather close to the background values; and Cd content is less than the background values. The element Hg comes out to be harmful in a medium level to ecological environment, while the elements of Cr, As, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd fall in a safe range of MPL. On the whole, Guanhe estuary tidal flat is not very harmful to the ecology in terms of the heavy metals. __________ Translated from Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2007, 27(5): 23–32 [译自: 海洋地质与第四纪地质]     

邵于庄煤炭勘查区新生界松散层水文地质特征

邵于庄煤炭勘查区新生界松散层厚度较厚,下伏为二叠系含煤地层,可采煤层多。区内含、隔水层组成复杂,由四个含水层和三个隔水层组成。通过对含水层水文地质条件分析,提出了第一、二含水层是矿区的主要供水水源,为保证未来建设和开采时的生活用水和工业用水,应做好水源的保护工作;同时指明了第四含水层是浅部煤组开采的主要补给水源,在煤矿设计和开采过程中,应重点予以防治。     

煤层气开采对环境的影响

煤层气是一种廉价、洁净、高效的新型能源,其开发利用可以弥补常规天然气和燃油的不足,750m^3煤层气可顶替1t标准煤。煤层气开发对环境的影响主要是减少了煤矿甲烷气体的排放,降低温室效应。其负面影响是在钻探、压裂、回注水和提纯过程中会造成煤层和煤层气中杂质气体和有毒有害物质富集,对大气和地下水造成污染。     

砂芯的第四纪环境遗迹研究值得重视——第四纪孢粉环境信息对全球环境研究的倡议

1996年春,天津地质调查中心海岸带与第四纪地质研究所参加了新疆地矿局在塔克拉玛干沙漠的地下水勘查工作,负责沙漠中心区KT1孔(塔中南侧38km处,38°47′N,83°57′E,孔深653.8m)的野外岩芯编录、取样和综合研究。KT1孔基本上是砂层与泥质沉积的互层,大致划分为212层、106个互层、53个中     

山西天池煤矿构造特征及其形成机制

基于天池煤矿地质勘探资料,结合区域构造背景研究了矿井地质构造特征及形成机制。天池煤矿构造属简单构造,地层总体呈走向北东、倾向北西的单斜构造,矿井内褶皱发育程度较低,断层以正断层为主,其次为低角度逆掩断层。陷落柱分布较为杂乱,成群出现,常见于褶皱轴部。自三叠纪末期开始一直受到区域构造活动的控制作用,印支期受SN向的挤压,形成了一些近EW向的构造;燕山期经历两期NWW--SEE向挤压使井田内地层及煤层主体呈NE走向;喜山早期的NE—SW向挤压,导致NE向断层的性质发生转变;上新世开始表现为区域上的伸展作用。     

Extreme value analysis of diamond-size distributions

Extreme value analysis provides a semiparametric method for analyzing the extreme long tails of skew distributions which may be observed when handling mining data. The estimation of important tail characteristics, such as the extreme value index, allows for a discrimination between competing distribution models. It measures the thickness of such long tailed distributions, if only a limited sample is available. This paper stresses the practical implementation of extreme value theory, which is used to discriminate a lognormal from a mixed lognormal distribution in a case study of size distributions for alluvial diamonds.     

Hierarchical decomposition of variance with applications in environmental mapping based on satellite images

A quadtree-based image segmentation procedure (HQ) is presented to map complex environmental conditions. It applies a hierarchical nested analysis of variance within the framework of multiresolution wavelet approximation. The procedure leads to an optimal solution for determining mapping units based on spatial variability with constraints on the arrangement and shape of the units. Linkages to geostatisiics are pointed out, but the HQ decomposition algorithm does not require any homogeneity criteria. The computer implementation can be parameterized by either the number of required mapping units or the maximum within-unit variance, or it can provide a spectrum of significances of nested ANOVA. The detailed mathematical background and methodology is illustrated by a salt-affected grassland mapping study (Hortobágy, Hungary), where heterogeneous environmental characteristics have been sampled and predicted based on remotely sensed images using these principles.     

皖南变质岩中的疑源类、孢粉化石组合及其地质意义

皖南变质岩区地层原被认为属江南古陆的一部分,时代定为中、晚元古代。本文根据其中所含的Asperatopsophosphaera?sp.,Trachysphaeridium sp.,Nucellosphaeridium sp.,Lophosphaeridium sp.,Leiosphaeridia sp.,Baltisphaeridium spp.,Micrhystridium spp.和scolecodonts等疑源类和其它微体化石及笔者等以前发现的Lingulacea总面貌反映的时代,判断其中部分变质地层的时代应为晚元古代—早古生代和早古生代。同时还根据Crassispora sp.,Kraeuselisporites sp.和Lueckisporites ef.virkkiae Potonie ＆ Klaus,Triquitritessp.等孢粉化石组合面貌反映的时代,推断其中尚有一部分为晚古生代地层。因此认为本区是一个从晚元古代—早古生代开始到中生代结束的碰撞型造山带,而不是一个古陆。     

锦州湾泥沙来源、洄淤状况与建港条件分析

锦州湾泥沙主要来源于沿岸入海河流的输送,外海水体的携带与沿岸、岛屿蚀余物质的补给。每年进入湾内的泥沙总量约为３３—３５万吨,假如这些泥沙不再向湾外流出,在湾内作均匀分配沉积,则相当于在湾底铺上５ｍｍ厚的土。水准和水深重复测量表明,潮滩以稳定的弱堆积为主,水下浅滩基本处于稳定状态。该湾在非正常情况下产生骤淤的可能性不大。综合建港条件良好。