Interdecadal Variability of East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation over 220 Years （1777-1997）

In this study, long-term (1777–1997) precipitation data for Seoul, Korea, wetness indices from eastern China, and modern observations are used to identify the interdecadal variability in East Asian summer monsoon precipitation over the last 220 years. In the East Asian monsoon region, two long-term timescales of dry–wet transitions for the interdecadal variability and quasi-40-and quasi-60-year timescales are dominant in the 220-year precipitation data of Seoul, as well as in the wetness indices over China....     

温度,盐度和风应力对南海海流模拟的影响

用美国普林斯顿大学海洋模式（ＰＯＭ）对南中国海的年平均海流进行了数值模拟,对温盐结构和风应力在海流形成中的作用进行了较详细的讨论。结果表明,仅有温盐水平不均匀分布也可以驱动海水而生成南海海流,但此种海流的结构较乱,最大流速只有３０～４０ｃｍ·ｓ－１。若温盐无水平结构,则在风应力驱动下,南海海流的结构较为有序,且最大流速可增至６０～７０ｃｍ·ｓ－１。在温盐水平分布不均匀并有风应力的作用时,生成的南海海流与仅有风应力作用时的海流场较相似,说明在南海海流的形成中,风应力的作用更为重要。海面自由高度的分析也证明了上述结论。     

青藏高原地形对东亚夏季风北缘影响的数值试验

使用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG/IAP)发展的大气环流谱模式SAMIL(R42L9),进行了有、无青藏高原对亚洲夏季风北边缘影响的数值模拟。结果表明,青藏高原大地形对夏季风北边缘活动有重要影响。有(无)高原时,其东侧的偏南风较强(弱)、较深(浅),向北扩展偏北(南),有(不)利于引导和加强夏季风北上,使北边缘偏北(南);同时,西太平洋副热带高压偏北偏西(偏南偏东),也有(不)利于夏季风向北深入我国大陆,从而使夏季风北边缘偏北(南)。与之相对应的夏季风降水区也偏北(南)。     

青藏高原多,少雪年后期西北干旱区降水的对比分析

利用１９５７－１９９０年高原地区的雪深,地面气温,地温以及西北干旱区部分站强降水量资料等,进行了高原地区多,少雪年积雪特下,地震热状况以及西北干旱区的期降水量的对比分析和相关分析。     

西北干旱区夏季强干、湿事件降水环流及水汽输送的再分析

为深入分析西北内陆干旱区夏季降水的主要水汽源地及其输送通道,首先,梳理和评述了过去50年西北干旱区水汽输送的研究进展和问题;接着,利用国家气象局信息中心近50年的实测降水及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,挑选更多有代表性的强干、湿日(月)事件,再进行环流和水汽输送的对比分析。主要结论如下:(1)过去西北干旱区各地的干、湿环流研究共识多,进展快;而水汽输送分析依旧众说纷纭。(2)过去的水汽输送分析联系降水环流不够;针对西北干旱区降水特点不够;还应加进数值模拟等分析手段。(3)在本文诊断分析和先前数值模拟基础上,指出西北内陆旱区夏季降水的主要水汽源地在东南沿海一带,它借助西行台风、西伸了的西太平洋副热带高压及柴达木低压等多个天气系统和西太平洋副热带高压西南侧东南风急流、西侧南风低空急流及河西偏东风等三支气流的次第密切配合,首先,水汽被输送到四川盆地;接着,被北输到西北区东部;继而,再被接力西输到河西走廊及南疆盆地东部。谓之"三支气流+两个中转站的三棒接力"式水汽输送模型。它是夏季输向西北内陆旱区的主要水汽输送通道。     

WIND SHEAR IDENTIFICATION WITH THE RETRIEVED WIND OF DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR

Wind shear reflects that the wind field is not uniform, which is one of the primary factors which make the retrieval of the wind field difficult. Based on volume velocity process(VVP) wind field retrieval technique, the intensity of wind shear is identified in this paper. After analyzing the traditional techniques that rely on the difference of radial velocity to identify wind shear, a fixed difference among radial velocities that may cause false identification in a uniform wind field was found. Because of the non-uniformity in wind shear areas, the difference of retrieved results between surrounding analysis volumes can be used as a measurement to show how strong the wind shear is. According to the analysis of a severe convective weather process that occurred in Guangzhou, it can be found that the areas of wind shear appeared with the strength significantly larger than in other regions and the magnitude generally larger than4.5 m/(s·km). Besides, by comparing the variation of wind shear strength during the convection, it can be found that new cells will be more likely to generate when the strength is above 3.0 m/(s·km). Therefore, the analysis of strong wind shear's movement and development is helpful to forecasting severe convections.     

近50 a全球和三大洋海温距平的时空变化特征

利用49a(1950-1998年)NCEP/NCAR逐月SSTA资料和EOF方法,分别对太平洋、大西洋、印度洋和全球海洋SSTA主要特征向量的空间分布和相应的时间变化进行了讨论。利用Morlet小波进一步分析了要素场的周期变化和能量变化。发现经EOF分解后的SSTA场具有很好的空间整体性和明显的年际和年代际变化。各大洋海温变化存在明显的同期和时滞相关关系,很好地体现了大洋间的协同作用和太平洋的主导作用。从不同的空间分布模态中选择海温变化显著的区域作为关键区,进行同期和时滞相关分析,结果发现各关键区之间具有明显的同期和时滞相关关系。     

STRUCTURE FEATURES AND COMPOSITE ANALYSIS OF CONVECTIVE CELLS IN A WARM SECTOR HEAVY RAINFALL EVENT OVER SOUTHERN CHINA

This paper uses the ARW-WRF model to carry out a numerical simulation of a warm-sector heavy rainfall event over southern China on the 22–23 May, 2014. A composite analysis method was used to analyze the evolution process and structural features of the convective cells on a convection line during this rainfall event. This analysis identified three stages: (1) Stage of activation: the equivalent potential temperature surfaces as lower layers start to bulge and form warm cells and weak vertical convective cloud towers which are subject to the impact of low-level warm moist updrafts in the rainfall sector; (2) Stage of development: the warm cells continue to bulge and form warm air columns and the convective cloud towers develop upwards becoming stronger as they rise; (3) Stage of maturity: the warm air columns start to connect with the stable layer in the upper air; the convective cloud tower will bend and tilt westward with each increasing in height, and the convection cell is characterized by a “crescent-shaped echo” above the 700hPa plane. During this stage the internal temperature of the cell is higher than the ambient temperature and the dynamic structural field is manifested as intensive vertical upward movement. The large-value centers of the northerly and westerly winds in the middle layer correspond to the warm moist center in the cells and the relatively cold center south of the warm air column. Further analysis shows that the formation of the “crescent-shaped” convective cell is associated with horizontal vorticity. Horizontal vorticity in the center and west of the warm cell experiences stronger cyclonic and anticyclonic shear transformation over time; this not only causes the original suborbicular cell echo shape to develop into a crescent-like shape, but also makes a convection line consisting of cells that develop to the northwest.     

Android平台下地形图编号查询转换系统的设计实现

首先对国家基本比例尺地形图编号的查询与转换的方法进行了研究与探讨,然后利用JAVA语言编程实现了根据经纬度查询不同比例尺地形图的新、旧编号、根据地形图新、旧编号查询地形图图幅范围、地形图新、旧图幅编号的相互转换等功能,最后利用Eclipse软件生成*.apk文件,将其安装在Android手机中,生成地形图编号查询与转换系统,为相关工作提供了便利条件,大大提高了工作效率。     

浅谈北京规划市区1:500地形图数字化测绘

地形图为国民经济建设和社会各行各业的发展提供测绘保障,它是城市规划设计、市政工程建设、工业与民用建筑、土地开发利用、防灾减灾等各方面的基础数据之一。本文结合北京城市基础测绘工作,以《BSCS G2000》测图软件为例,简述大比例尺数字化地形图的作业流程,地形要素取舍及检查验收工作。