Exhumation History of the Xining Basin Since the Mesozoic and Its Tectonic Significance

The Xining Basin is located in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and its continuous Cenozoic strata record the entire uplift and outgrowth history of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic. The newly obtained apatite fission track data presented here shows that the Xining Basin and two marginal mountain ranges have experienced multiphase rapid cooling since the Jurassic, as follows. In the Middle–Late Jurassic, the rapid exhumation of the former Xining Basin resulted from collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Tarim Block. During the Early–Late Cretaceous, the former Xining Basin underwent a tectonic event due to marginal compression, causing the angular unconformity between the Upper and Lower Cretaceous. In the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic, collision between the Qiangtang Block and the Lhasa Block may have resulted in the rapid exhumation of the Xining Basin and the Lajishan to the south. In the Early Cenozoic(ca. 50–30 Ma), collision between the Indian and Eurasia plates affected the region that corresponds to the present northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. During this period, the central Qilian Block rotated clockwise by approximately 24° to form a wedge-shaped basin(i.e., the Xining Basin) opening to the west. During ca. 17–8 Ma, the entire northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau underwent dramatic deformation, and the Lajishan uplifted rapidly owing to the northward compression of the Guide Basin from the south. A marked change in subsidence occurred in the Xining Basin during this period, when the basin was tectonically inverted.     

云南省禄劝县普福滑坡形成条件、发展趋势与防治对策

云南省禄劝县普福滑坡是我国典型灾难性滑坡之一,曾多次发生大规模滑动。本文回顾了普福滑坡的活动历史,分析了其形成条件。通过实地调查,结合由遥感多波段数据与DEM数据融合而成的三维影像图,指出普福滑坡实际上是一个滑坡(崩塌)→泥石流灾害链,且再次发生大规模滑动的可能性很大,影响范围覆盖烂泥沟两岸大面积区域。目前最经济有效的减灾措施包括搬迁避让、群测群防、监测预报、生态恢复和水土保持等。     

地质流体对砂岩储层黏土矿物的影响——以渤海海域古近系为例

根据偏光显微镜、扫描电镜和X-衍射等分析手段获取的数据和资料,分析对比了早期沉积水介质、幔源CO2流体、大气水、超压流体和充注烃类等对储层黏土矿物的控制作用。研究表明,早期沉积水介质是储层黏土矿物的决定性因素,微咸水-半咸水湖盆储层黏土矿物以伊利石为主,淡水湖盆储层黏土矿物以高岭石为主;幔源CO2流体侵位后带来明显的储层改造和热波动效应,储层中I/S中S%含量低于同深度泥岩,储层中高岭石含量明显偏高。欠压实超压储层中黏土演化明显滞后,表现在I/S中S%含量低于同深度泥岩和常压储层。油气层高岭石含量往往远高于相近深度的水层,可能与充注烃类携带的有机酸的溶蚀作用有关,另外,烃类充注后形成的惰性成岩环境也有利于高岭石的保存,高岭石的高含量带常与油层及高渗层相对应;受大气水淋滤的储层,以长石大量溶蚀,富含高岭石为特征,储层孔隙度一般较高。     

对甘肃宕昌县代家庄铅锌矿床成因的认识

甘肃省宕昌县代家庄铅锌矿床的发现是近年来西秦岭地区铅锌找矿的重大进展。其类型为以菱锌矿、白铅矿为主的碳酸盐型铅锌矿,成为西成矿田西延地段发现新的成矿类型。区内圈定铅锌矿体6条,产于泥盆系龙鳞桥组第2岩性段与第3岩性段的过渡带和东沟组中,受NW—SE向压扭性断裂破碎带控制。断裂是成矿最主要的控制因素,不仅控制着铅锌多金属矿体的沉积就位,而且在成矿后期对矿体的改造起主导作用。矿区内未见岩浆岩及典型的热液蚀变现象。文章分析了成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征,铅同位素显示变化范围小,说明铅来源比较单一,硫同位素结果说明硫质来源于沉积地层中。闪锌矿中流体包裹体均一温度分别为80℃~120℃和120℃~160℃,说明成矿温度总体比较低。初步认为其成因沉积改造型铅锌矿床。     

利用小波阈值消噪改进M-W组合周跳探测性能

受伪距噪声的影响,Turbo Eidt法中M-W组合难以探测所有周跳。分析了M-W组合观测量的误差特性,指出伪距误差导致周跳漏检、探测延迟的原因。采用小波阈值消噪方法对M-W组合观测值进行处理,阈值估计使用Visushrink方法可削弱伪距噪声、增加周跳的辨识度。消噪后,周跳会发生扩散,除当前历元外,前后多个历元均会超出阈值,便于探测。实测数据结果表明:经小波消噪后的M-W组合观测值能够准确定位小至1周的所有周跳,避免漏检现象,增强周跳探测的可靠性。     

Comparison of the Structure and Evolution of Intraseasonal Oscillations Before and After Onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon

High-resolution satellite-derived data and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data are used to investigate intraseasonal oscillations （ISO） over the tropical Indian Ocean.A composite evolution of the ISO life cycle is constructed,including the initiation,development,and propagation of rainfall anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean.The characteristics of ISO over the tropical Indian Ocean are profoundly different before and after the onset of the Indian summer monsoon.Positive precipitation anomalies before monsoon onset appear one phase earlier than those after monsoon onset.Before monsoon onset,precipitation anomalies associated with ISO first initiate in the western tropical Indian Ocean and then propagate eastward along the equator.After monsoon onset,convective anomalies propagate northward over the Indian summer monsoon region after an initial eastward propagation over the equatorial Indian Ocean.Surface wind convergence and air-sea interaction play critical roles in initiating each new cycle of ISO convection.     

陕南略阳地区地质灾害发育规律

在地质灾害调查与区划工作的基础上,研究了陕南略阳地区地质灾害的发育类型、区域分布特征,探讨了地质灾害与构造活动、地形地貌、地层岩性、地下水、降雨和人类工程活动之间的关系.     

单面边坡的两种动力反应形式及其临界高度

把单面边坡的动力反应分为高边坡动力反应和低边坡动力反应两类. 研究了两种不同动力反应形式临界边坡高度的影响因素. 量纲分析表明弹性条件下边坡动力反应临界高度Hthre与构成边坡材料的动弹性模量Ed的平方根成正比,与边坡材料的密度ρ成反比,与边坡动力输入的特征周期T成正比. 结合弹性波动理论,利用大量数值模拟和统计分析得到了Hthre的表达式. 当边坡的高度大于Hthre时,边坡的动力反应呈现高边坡动力反应规律,当边坡的高度小于Hthre时,边坡的动力反应呈现低边坡动力反应规律.     

无人驾驶小车的地图驱动机制研究

随着无人驾驶技术的快速发展,导航地图的服务对象逐渐由人类向以无人驾驶汽车为代表的机器过渡,但细节信息不足、更新频率与精度较低的传统导航地图已无法满足无人驾驶技术对其的应用需求,因此,高精度地图的作用日益突出.然而,高精度地图在无人驾驶中的作用机制尚没有很清晰的分析.基于高精度地图视角,研究并设计了高精度地图在无人驾驶系...     

静载作用下波纹钢拱涵力学变形特性

通过填土及静载试验,选取涵洞轴线中部波谷截面、涵洞轴线中部波峰截面、涵洞洞口处波谷截面、涵洞洞口波峰截面4个钢波纹拱涵断面,布设应变片、土压力盒及变形测量仪器,对波纹钢拱涵应力-应变、位移等力学特性进行研究,得到静载作用下波纹钢拱涵的力学变形特性及变形规律。研究结果表明：1）在相同填土高度荷载作用下,波纹钢拱涵所受竖向应力相比于未设置涵洞的土体竖向应力较小,而由于涵洞结构挤压填土导致侧向土压力大于相同高度下土中应力;2）由于填土施工各阶段中涵洞所受周围土压力方向的不同,涵洞填土过程中多个位置出现拉压变化的现象,涵洞涵顶、涵腰位置处应变往往较大,故该点相对其他测点为薄弱点。