New confirmation of image-processing techniques for astrometry of Saturn and its satellites

The image-processing techniques used by Peng et al. are further improved to measure precisely the positions of Saturn and its satellites. 495 CCD images taken with the 1-m telescope at the Yunnan Observatory during the years 2002–2004 are processed with these techniques. These measured pixel positions are compared to their theoretical positions computed with the ephemerides of TASS1.7 for the satellites and JPL DE405 for Saturn itself. Analysis of the data for the intersatellite positions among four bright Saturnian satellites (S3–S6) and for Saturn–satellite (i.e. Saturn–Titan) positions shows that these measured positions have the same dispersions, i.e. about 0.05 and 0.06 arcsec in right ascension and declination, respectively. However, for the fainter satellites, Enceladus and Mimas, poorer residuals up to 0.1 and 0.2 arcsec, respectively, in both directions are found mainly due to their small separations from the primary planet and short exposure time in order to obtain useful images of Saturn.     

Secular variation of the direction of the ancient geomagnetic field for Loyang region,China

Curves of the variation of the inclination and declination of the geomagnetic field for the Loyang region during the last 2400 years are presented. An I-D diagram of secular variation, like that for London, has been drawn for Loyang.     

Effects of an artificial oyster shell reef on macrobenthic communities in Rongcheng Bay,East China

An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a （Chl a）, total organic matter （TOM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and total nitrogen （TN） content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses （ANOSIM） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.     

矿区植被物化参数高光谱遥感估算研究

基于高光谱遥感数据Hyperion和植物冠层反射光谱,应用指数法、回归统计法和基于光谱位置变量的方法对矿区植被生物量和叶绿素浓度(SPAD)进行估算.结果表明:植被指数R752/R548与植物鲜重相关性最高,相关系数为0.88;选用植物像元光谱,基于植被指数R752/R548,利用三次函数法构建植物鲜重估算模型精度较高,多重判定系数R2达0.883;植被指数DVI[752,640]与植物干重相关性最高,相关系数为0.42;基于植被指数DVI[752,640],应用线性回归法构建植被干重估算模型精度较低,多重判定系数R2为0.177;基于四点内插法提取的红边位置与叶绿素浓度显著相关,相关系数为0.433;Datt(1)和Datt(2)植被指数与叶绿素浓度存在显著相关,相关系数分别为0.871和0.868;基于红边位置(REP)、Datt(1)和Datt(2)植被指数构建植物叶绿素浓度估算模型精度较高,多重判定系数R2分别为0.814、0.805和0.781.应用高光谱遥感技术可有效地检测矿区受损生态环境下的植被,为矿区植物生态修复工程提供本底资料.     

数字指示式调速搅拌仪的研制

采用调速稳速集成电路通过电位调节买现自反馈电子稳速，克服了实验过程中溶液阻尼变化对电机转速的影响，并利用高精度时钟信号与十进制记数器完成光电测速过程。     

广东省逐年初台登陆时间的变化特点

通过对广东省初始登陆时间资料的分析,发现其具周期变化的特点。根据循环阶段（周期）的划分,比较满意地解释了近３年广东省初始登陆时间明显偏迟的原因。     

Influence of white spot syndrome virus infection on hepatopancreas gene expression of ‘Huanghai No. 2’ shrimp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fenneropenaeus chinensis</Emphasis>)

To elucidate the molecular response of shrimp hepatopancreas to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, microarray was applied to investigate the differentially expressed genes in the hepatopancreas of ‘Huanghai No. 2’ (Fenneropenaeus chinensis). A total of 59137 unigenes were designed onto a custom-made 60K Agilent chip. After infection, the gene expression profiles in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp with a lower viral load at early (48–96 h), peak (168–192 h) and late (264–288 h) infection phases were analyzed. Of 18704 differentially expressed genes, 6412 were annotated. In total, 5453 differentially expressed genes (1916 annotated) expressed at all three phases, and most of the annotated were either up- or down-regulated continuously. These genes function diversely in, for example, immune response, cytoskeletal system, signal transduction, stress resistance, protein synthesis and processing, metabolism among others. Some of the immune-related genes, including antilipopolysaccharide factor, Kazal-type proteinase inhibitor, C-type lectin and serine protease encoding genes, were up-regulated after WSSV infection. These genes have been reported to be involved in the anti-WSSV responses. The expression of genes related to the cytoskeletal system, including β-actin and myosin but without tubulin genes, were down-regulated after WSSV infection. Astakine was found for the first time in the WSSV-infected F. chinensis. To further confirm the expression of differentially expressed genes, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to test the expression of eight randomly selected genes and verified the reliability and accuracy of the microarray expression analysis. The data will provide valuable information to understanding the immune mechanism of shrimp’s response to WSSV.     

中国县域高龄人口地域分异特征及环境成因

以全国分县为基本研究单元,基于2000和2010年人口普查资料,依据高龄化系数将中国不同区域划分为未高龄化、浅度高龄化、中度高龄化和深度高龄化4个类型区,并探讨其空间上的地域分异规律。并选取5个自然环境指标,利用偏最小二乘法（PLS）,对高龄化水平区域差异的环境成因进行定量分析。结果表明：① 全国县域高龄化水平呈现“西疏东密”分布格局;高龄化系数三级阶梯状分布明显,平原、丘陵、盆地普遍高于山地及高原地区;由“凹”字型向“东西隆升、北端塌缩”格局演变。② 高龄人口空间集聚不断增强,区域间差异逐渐增大。③ 水文指数、气候指数是影响全国县域高龄人口集聚的主要因素;地形起伏度、空气质量指数对高龄人口分布影响不显著,对不同类型区影响差异显著;随着时间的推移,植被指数对高龄人口空间分布的影响趋强;社会经济因素对高龄人口分布具有扰动作用。     

四川省县域乡村地域功能类型识别及乡村振兴路径研究

乡村振兴战略背景下,中国乡村进入转型发展的关键阶段,探索不同地域类型的乡村振兴具体路径具有重要意义。以四川省为例,构建县域乡村地域功能评价指标体系,研究县域经济发展、粮食生产、社会保障和生态保育功能的空间差异,识别各县域主导功能和短板功能,探索各类型区差异化的乡村振兴路径。结果表明：1）四川省乡村地域功能空间格局分异特征明显。经济发展功能和社会保障功能的地带性规律基本一致,均呈现由川东南向川西北逐渐减弱的分异格局,粮食生产功能在成都平原经济区和攀西安宁河流域的空间集聚特征明显,生态保育功能则呈现由川东南向川西北逐渐增强态势。2）以主导功能和短板功能为划分原则,将四川省划分为主导发展型、极化发展型和综合发展型三大类,并根据不同地域类型提出乡村振兴的实施路径：主导发展型应优先发挥主导功能,同时整合协调其他功能,带动乡村振兴全面发展;极化发展型在发挥其优势功能的同时需补齐短板,实现基本均衡发展;综合发展型依托现有基础,实现产业再升级,促进产城融合,成为四川省乡村振兴发展引领示范区。