Sedimentary Characteristics of the Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin

The rupture of the lithosphere in Late Jurassic brought about the eruption of basaltic magma in the Songliao Basin. The evolution of the basin in Cretaceous progressed through six stages: pre-rift doming, extensional fracturing, fault subsidence, fault downwarping, downwarping and shringkage, resulting in the deposition of terrstrial facies nearly 10,000 m thick. There are different depositional sequences in these stages: the depositional period of the Early Cretaceous Shahezi and Yincheng Formations is the development stage of the down-faulted basin, forming a volcanic rock-alluvial fan-fan delta-lacustrine (intercalated with episodic turbidites)-swamp facies sequences; the period of the Early Cretaceous Dengluku Formation is the transformation stage of fault subsidence into fault downwarping of the basin, forming a sequence mainly of alluvial plain-lacustrine facies; the depositional period of the Early Cretaceous Quantou Formation-Late Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation is the downwarping stage of the basin, forming an alluvial plain-delta-lacustrine facies sequence; the period of the Late Cretaceous Sifangtai Formation-Mingshui Formation is the shringkage stage of the basin, forming again a sequence mainly of alluvial plain-alluvial fan and small relict lacustrine facies. These vertical depositional sequences fully display the sedimentary characteristics of a failed continental rift basin. Many facts indicate that the two large-scale lake invasions, synchronous with the global rise of sea level, which took place in the downwarping stage of the basin development, led to the connection between the lake and sea.     

松辽盆地白垩系青山口组黑色页岩的形成环境及海水侵入的底流模式

通过对中央坳陷区两口钻井剖面和东南隆起区野外露头剖面的沉积学、矿物学和地球化学研究，认为松辽盆地白垩系青山口组黑色页岩形成于稳定分层的湖相环境；周期性海水注入形成的底流是导致水体分层和黑色页岩沉积的重要因素。     

库鲁克塔格地区奥陶系层序地层与海平面变化

出露于新疆库鲁克塔格地区的奥陶系揭示出一个完整长周期(Ⅰ级周期)的海侵-海退沉积序列。这个沉积序列由9个Ⅲ级层序和3个Ⅱ级层序构成,反映了短周期(Ⅲ和Ⅱ级周期)的海平面变化。下奥陶统是在长周期海侵背景下形成的,为一套主体在次深海环境下形成的层序组合———Ⅱ级层序A;中奥陶统是长周期海平面波动的背景下形成的,为一套主体在次深海-浅海陆棚环境下形成的层序组合———Ⅱ级层序B;上奥陶统是长周期海退背景下形成的,为一套主体在浅海-滨海环境下形成的层序组合———Ⅱ级层序C。库鲁克塔格地区奥陶系层序地层特征及其揭示的海平面变化是盆地形成与转变的构造机制的响应。奥陶纪是早古生代盆地发生盆地类型转化的关键时期,即从寒武纪-早奥陶世的裂陷盆地,经中奥陶世的过渡,转化为晚奥陶世-志留纪的前陆盆地。由于后期的构造变动本区现已成为塔里木盆地东北边缘隆起。     

The Sequence Architecture of Volcanic Basin Fillings- An Example From Xujiaweizi Faulted Depression In Songliao Basin

The basin filling geometric pattern of volcanic eruptive rocks depends on both of the eruptive locations in a basin and structural styles of fault terraces. It is divided into three types by eruptive locations and occurrences of eruptive rocks, including the pattern of eruption along fault and occurrence (PEAFO), the pattern of eruption on footwall of a fault and occurrence (PEOFO) and the pattern of eruption on hangingwall of fault and occurrence (PEOHO) in Xujiaweizi fault depression of Songliao basin, Northeast of China. Those basin filling patterns of volcanic eruptive rocks are of specific geometric characteristics controlling or affecting sedimentation, geometry of sedimentary body and sequence architecture during a sequence evolution. The study shows that the volcanic rocks developed at different stages of lowstand, transgressive and highstand can give different controls or affects on the sequence architecture.     

松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探地球科学研究进展

松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程"两井四孔"之一的松科二井东孔(简称松科二井),位于黑龙江省安达市境内,于2018年5月26日正式完井。松科二井的科学目标涵盖古气候研究、资源能源探索、基础地质研究和发展深部探测技术四个方面。自2014年正式开钻以来,松科二井科学钻探工程组织实施了钻井取芯、原位测井、岩芯元素化学分析以及井周边深部结构探测等工作,目前已取得初步科研进展:获取长4134.81 m原位岩芯资料,完成了对白垩纪最完整最连续陆相地层厘米级高分辨率的精细刻画,初步建立起陆相地层标准剖面;发现了松辽盆地深部非常规天然气资源与盆地型干热岩良好的勘探开发前景;首次重建了白垩纪陆相百万年至十万年尺度气候演化历史,并发现白垩纪气候波动重大事件;揭示了古大洋板块俯冲、聚合的深部证据,为松辽盆地成因再认识及深层油气勘探提供了理论依据。松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程的实施,对探索地球奥秘、解决深部能源环境等重大问题,具有重要意义,是"向地球深部进军"道路上迈出的坚实一步。     

Facies Architecture Model of the Shimentan Formation Pyroclastic Rocks in the Block‐T Units,Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin,and its Exploration Significance

A gas field consisting of volcanic reservoir rocks was discovered in the block-T units of the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin. The lithology of the volcanic rocks is dominated by tuff and reworked tuff. The lithofacies are dominated by base surge deposits of explosive facies. As the architecture model of volcanic facies is still uncertain, it has restricted the exploration and development of mineral resources in this area. Using core and cuttings data, the lithology, lithofacies, geochemistry as well as grain size characteristics of volcanic rocks were analyzed. Based on these analyses, the volcanic rocks in the well section are divided into three eruptive stages. The transport direction of each volcanic eruption is analyzed using crystal fragment size analysis. The facies architecture of the block-T units was established based on the reconstruction results of paleo-geomorphology. The results show that the drilling reveals proximal facies (PF) and distal facies (DF) of the volcanic edifices. However, the crater-near crater facies (CNCF) are not revealed. Compared with the reservoirs of the Songliao Basin, it is shown that the volcanic rocks in the Xihu Sag have good exploration potential; a favorable target area is the CNCF near the contemporaneous fault.     

Structure and tectonic evolution of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Wandashan accretionary complex,NE China

The Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Wandashan accretionary complex (AC) in NE China is a key region for constraining the subduction and accretion of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean; however, the protoliths and structure of the region remain poorly understood, resulting in debates regarding crustal growth mechanisms and subduction-related accretionary processes in Northeast China. In this contribution, we integrate detailed field observations, ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) reconstruction, and associated geological data to determine the structure and tectonic evolution of the Wandashan AC. The Wandashan AC formed through the progressive incorporation of OPS units along an oceanic trench. The observed OPS comprises, in ascending order, Permian basalt and limestone, Middle Triassic–Early Jurassic chert, Middle Jurassic siliceous shale and mudstone, and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous turbidite. Numerous NNE–SSW-striking thrust faults have segmented the OPS into a series of bedding-parallel tectonic slices that were successively thrust over the Jiamusi massif along a basal thrust (the Yuejinshan Fault), producing a large-scale imbricate thrust system. The Wandashan AC underwent oceanward accretion via multiple deformational processes. The OPS units were detached and rearranged along or within a decollement through offscraping, underplating, thrusting, and duplexing. The units were then emplaced over the Jiamusi massif along the basal thrust. The timing of accretion and thrusting is constrained to the latest Middle Jurassic to earliest Early Cretaceous (ca. 167–131 Ma). Reconstructed accretion-related structural lines within the Wandashan AC trend dominantly NE–SW, close to the direction of Jurassic extension at the eastern Asian continental margin. Large-scale left-lateral strike-slip movement on the Dunmi Fault during the late Early Cretaceous resulted in the folding of structural lines within the Wandashan AC, producing their present-day westward-convex orientation.     

Discovery and Significance of High CH4 Primary Fluid Inclusions in Reservoir Volcanic Rocks of the Songliao Basin, NE China

Comparing compositions of the fluid inclusions in volcanic rocks to the contents and isotopes of the gases in corresponding volcanic reservoirs using microthermometry, Raman microspectroscopy and mass spectrum analysis, we found that： （1） up to 82 mole% methane exists in the primary inclusions hosted in the reservoir volcanic rocks; （2） high CH4 inclusions recognized in the volcanic rocks correspond to CH4-bcaring CO2 reservoirs that are rich in helium and with a high ^3He/^4He ratio and which show reversed order of 813C in alkane; （3） in gas reservoirs of such abiotic methane （〉80%） and a mix of CH4 and CO2, the enclosed content of CH4 in the volcanic inclusions is usually below 42 mole%, and the reversed order of δ^13C in alkane is sometimes irregular in the corresponding gas pools; （4） a glassy inclusion with a homogeneous temperature over 900℃ also contains a small portion of CH4 although predominantly CO2. This affinity between gas pool and content of inclusion in the same volcanic reservoirs demonstrates that magma-originated gases, both CH4 and CO2, have contributed significantly to the corresponding gas pools and that the assumed hydrocarbon budget of the bulk earth might be much larger than conventionally supposed.     

断裂封堵综合分析技术在孔雀河地区的应用

断裂在油气运移、聚集、成藏和保存过程中起着通道作用和封堵作用,通过该项研究可以分析受断裂控制圈闭的现今含油气性,进而为油气勘探的研究和部署提供更加翔实的科学依据。为此,利用地震地质综合信息识别断裂封堵性的3种技术方法——"断面物质涂抹法"、"断面应力分析法"和"断裂横向封堵系数法",对塔里木盆地孔雀河地区典型的开启性和封堵性断裂进行了研究,总结出研究区断裂在横向上和纵向上开启或者封堵的"临界值"分别为5 MPa、0.3 MPa,断裂横向封堵系数越大越有利于油气成藏,只有综合应用多项资料和方法,才能对断裂对油气的封堵性能做出更加合理的判定,发现同一断裂的封堵性随其所处地层时代、岩性和空间位置的不同而不同,探讨了研究区断裂在不同形成期次对各种圈闭的油气成藏控制作用。基于有井区的研究结果对无井地区的断裂进行了封堵性预测,为该区块的圈闭评价提供了依据。