新型自适应滤波算法在惯导/双星组合中的应用

在系统模型误差和噪声统计特性未知时,为防止滤波发散和提高系统的实时性,提出了一种模糊自适应Kalman滤波算法。该算法利用滤波异常判据获得一个滤波状态因子,进而利用模糊推理系统在线调整量测噪声协方差阵的值,使滤波实现自适应。将该算法应用到惯导/双星组合导航系统中,并和简化的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法进行仿真比较。仿真结果表明：在滤波精度相当的情况下,该算法简化了运算,提高了实时性。     

A re-assessment of nickel-doping method in iron isotope analysis on rock samples using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Element doping has been proved to be a useful method to correct for the mass bias fractionation when analyzing iron isotope compositions. We present a systematic re-assessment on how the doped nickel may affect the iron isotope analysis in this study by carrying out several experiments. We find three important factors that can affect the analytical results, including the Ni:Fe ratio in the analyte solutions, the match of the Ni:Fe ratio between the unknown sample and standard solutions, and the match of the Fe concentration between the sample and standard solutions. Thus, caution is required when adding Ni to the analyte Fe solutions before analysis. Using our method, the δ⁵⁶Fe and δ⁵⁷Fe values of the USGS standards W-2a, BHVO-2, BCR-2, AGV-2 and GSP-2 are consistent with the recommended literature values, and the long-term (one year) external reproducibility is better than 0.03 and 0.05‰ (2SD) for δ⁵⁶Fe and δ⁵⁷Fe, respectively. Therefore, the analytical method established in our laboratory is a method of choice for high quantity Fe isotope data in geological materials.

     

Analytical solutions for organic contaminant diffusion in triple-layer composite liner system considering the effect of degradation

Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents analytical solutions for predicting one-dimensional diffusion of an organic contaminant through a triple-layer composite liner system comprising a geomembrane...     

Enhancement of scale-free network attack tolerance

Despite the large size of most communication and transportation systems, there are short paths between nodes in these networks which guarantee the efficient information, data and passenger delivery; furthermore these networks have a surprising tolerance under random errors thanks to their inherent scale-free topology. However, their scale-free topology also makes them fragile under intentional attacks, leaving us a challenge on how to improve the network robustness against intentional attacks without losing their strong tolerance under random errors and high message and passenger delivering capacity. Here we propose two methods (SL method and SH method) to enhance scale-free network's tolerance under attack in different conditions.     

Unusual hydrocarbon waxes detected in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salix oritrepha</Emphasis> leaf from Nianbaoyeze Mountains,eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Plant biomarkers, such as hydrocarbon waxes, are frequently found in various sediments and could be adopted as paleovegetation and paleoclimate indicators. Nevertheless, scarce researches have focused on leaf waxes in higher plants of alpine region. Herein, hydrocarbon leaf wax components of Salix oritrepha, which flourish in Nianbaoyeze Mountains in eastern Tibetan Plateau were fully discussed. The n-alkane distribution in leaves ranges from n-C₂₁ to n-C₂₉ with maxima at n-C₂₅, which were entirely different with Salix taxa displayed in previous surveys in non-alpine regions. The unusual even carbon nalkenes from n-C_22:1 to n-C_30:1, which were thought to appear only in aquatic organisms, were firstly reported in an alpine plant. Additionally, iso-(2-methyl) alkanes, ranging from i-C₂₃ to i-C₂₉ with maxima at i-C₂₅, which have been commonly reported in microorganisms, were also identified in an alpine plant for the first time. Unusual hydrocarbon distribution detected in Salix oritrepha leaf from Nianbaoyeze Mountains is most likely due to the extreme environment in such alpine region.     

Differences of polygonal faults related to upper Miocene channels: a case study from the Beijiao sag of Qiongdongnan basin,South China Sea

Deep-water coarse-grained channels are embedded within a polygonal fault tier, and the polygonal faults (PFs) present non-polygonal geometries rather than classic polygonal geometry in plan view. However, PFs present differences when they encounter deep-water (coarse-grained vs. fine-grained) channels with different lithology, which has not been further studied to date. 3D seismic data and a drilling well from Beijiao sag of Qiongdongnan basin, South China Sea were utilized to document the plan view and cross-sectional properties of the PFs and their differences and genetic mechanism were investigated. Results show that, first, PFs can be divided morphologically into channel-segmenting PFs and channel-bounding PFs in plan view. The former virtually cuts or segments the axes of channels in high- and low-amplitudes, and the latter nearly parallels the boundaries of the channels. Both are approximately perpendicular to each other. Secondly, channel-bounding PFs that related to low-amplitude channels are much longer than those of high-amplitude ones; channel-segmenting PFs related to low-amplitude channels are slightly longer than the counterparts related to high-amplitude channels. Lastly, the magnitudes (e.g., heights) of the PFs are proportional to the scales (e.g., widths and heights) of low-amplitude channels, whereas the magnitudes of the PFs are inversely proportional to the scales of high amplitude channels. Coarse-grained (high amplitude) channels act as a mechanical barrier to the propagation of PFs, whereas fine-grained (low-amplitude) channels are beneficial to the propagation and nucleation of PFs. Additionally, the genetic mechanism of PFs is discussed and reckoned as combined geneses of gravitational spreading and overpressure hydrofracture. The differences of the PFs can be used to reasonably differentiate coarse-grained channels from fine-grained channels. This study provides new insights into understanding the different geometries of the PFs related to coarse-grained and fine-grained channels and their genetic mechanism.

     

Evaluation of burst liability in kimberlite using support vector machine

Due to the complex mechanisms of rockburst, there is no current effective method to reliably predict these events. A statistical learning method, support vector machine (SVM), is employed in this paper for kimberlite burst prediction. Four indicators \(\sigma_{\theta } ,\sigma_{c} ,\sigma_{t} ,W_{\text{ET}}\) are chosen as input indices for the SVM, which is trained using 108 groups of rockburst cases from around the world. Data uniformization is used to avoid negative impact of differing dimensions across the original data. Parameter optimization is embedded in the training process of the SVM to achieve optimized predictive ability. After training and optimization, the SVM reaches an accuracy of 95% in rock burst prediction for validation samples. The constructed SVM is then employed in kimberlite burst liability evaluation. The model indicated a moderate burst risk, which matches observed instances of rockburst at a diamond mine in north Canada. The SVM method ignores the focus on rockburst mechanisms, instead relying on representative indicators to develop a predictive model through self-learning. The prediction results show an excellent accuracy, which means this method has a potential application in rockburst prediction.     

河西地区农作物的蒸发蒸騰试验研究——临泽北部绿洲春小麦和玉米的蒸发蒸腾量

采用电子蒸散计(Lysimeter)逐日测定春小麦和玉米生育期的蒸散(地面蒸发和植物蒸腾)量, 结果表明, 作物的蒸散量随生育期的进程而变化, 并受供水条件所制约。春小麦全生育期的最大蒸发蒸腾虽约312mm, 最小蒸发蒸腾量245mm; 玉米全生育期的蒸发蒸腾量约468mm。春小麦套种玉米的增产节水效果显著, 其产量比单种春小麦和玉米的产量高约50%, 而蒸散耗水量比单种的低18%。本文就河西干旱区农业节约用水合理灌溉问题作了讨论。     

几种固沙植物的水分关系

本文研究对象是甘肃省河西走廊中部地区几种固沙植物和地带性旱生植物。在测定其水势、束缚水含量、自由水含量、蒸腾强度和持水力等生态生理指标的基础上分析讨论了各个植物种水分关系的特点和适应干旱环境的方式。     

半潜平台总体强度评估的谱分析法和设计波法对比

采用谱分析方法对半潜平台进行总体强度评估,验证了谱分析方法的可操作性。利用谱分析法计算平台关键连接部位处的应力水平,并与采用设计波法得到的应力结果进行比较,讨论两种方法之间的相关性。计算表明,谱分析法与设计波法存在一定的相关性,谱分析法的计算结果相对准确可靠,设计波法的计算精度依赖于选取的特征载荷工况,且目前规范推荐的载荷工况不够全面。本研究成果可为类似平台的总体强度分析提供参考。